CN112276084A - Forming process method of breathable die steel for additive manufacturing - Google Patents
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010964 304L stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing, which comprises the following specific steps: selecting powder to be molded as die steel powder, selecting proper technological parameters by using laser selective melting equipment to perform a single-pass sintering test, measuring the single-pass sintering width, determining the linear spacing of air-permeable die steel sintering according to the required aperture, setting each layer of secondary exposure, scanning the second exposure by using a scanning path which is 90 degrees to the first exposure direction, rotating the scanning direction between layers by 90 degrees, slicing and layering the STL format file according to the setting, leading out the 3D printing format file, and molding die steel components by using the laser selective melting equipment according to the scanning path and the technological parameters. The prepared air-permeable die steel has controllable pore size, uniform distribution, good internal pore connectivity and good air permeability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of die steel forming, in particular to a forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing.
Background
In the plastic injection molding process of the injection mold, a mold designer needs to consider arranging an exhaust structure to exhaust gas in a cavity, however, in some specific mold structures, designing an exhaust groove on the mold is difficult, and at present, an effective solution to exhaust gas is to install a breathable steel insert block on the wall of the mold cavity, so that gas is smoothly exhausted by utilizing pores in the breathable steel, and viscous plastic cannot enter the pores. The traditional method for preparing the breathable steel is mainly a powder metallurgy method, metal powder is used as a raw material, and semi-compact metal materials are manufactured through one or more modes of molding and sintering, wherein the semi-compact metal materials contain communicated or semi-communicated pore structures inside.
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a leading-edge technology widely applied in current metal 3D printing, which combines advanced technologies of multiple subjects such as computer three-dimensional aided design, numerical control technology, Laser processing, material science, and the like, and utilizes Laser layer-by-layer scanning to selectively melt pre-paved powder and connect the pre-paved powder with a molded part into a whole to realize three-dimensional molding of a material, and has been widely applied in the mold manufacturing industry. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, selective laser melting has advantages in various aspects such as production period, design flexibility and customization. And through the development of a period, the selective laser melting technology can realize flexible and accurate control of laser beam movement in a processing path planning stage by adapting to certain slicing software, and more precise structure forming can be realized by adjusting laser power, processing speed, line spacing, exposure times and the like.
The traditional preparation of breathable die steel by using a 3D printing technology mainly has two types: firstly, a potassium fluoborate foaming agent, a cyanide foaming agent or a chromium nitride foaming agent and the like are added into metal powder, and a pore-forming agent is synchronously melted by laser in the process of melting the powder to decompose gas, so that the interior of a sample piece has a honeycomb-shaped microporous structure. The air-permeable steel manufactured by the method has the advantages that the pore distribution is uneven, the fluctuation range of the pore size is large, the communication effect inside the pores is not controllable, and the air-permeable steel is very easy to scrap in the manufacturing process or generate glue leakage and blocking behaviors in the use process; secondly, the idea preset by CAD modeling is directly adopted in the design stage, the solid member is divided into porous shapes by utilizing a dot matrix or lattice method, and then the porous structure is manufactured by utilizing the advantages of 3D printing and forming of a complex structure, the method can indeed prepare a loose porous structure, but the minimum pore size which can be prepared is more than 200 mu m, the size is larger, and the method does not meet the requirement of the range of the pore size of the steel material of the air-permeable mold.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the breathable die steel and the method for preparing the breathable die steel by selective laser melting, and the prepared breathable die steel has controllable pore size, uniform distribution, good internal pore connectivity and good air permeability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting powder to be formed as die steel powder;
the second step is that: selecting proper technological parameters by using selective laser melting equipment to perform a single-pass sintering test and measure the single-pass sintering width;
the third step: determining the line spacing of the air-permeable die steel sintering according to the required aperture;
the fourth step: setting each layer of secondary exposure, scanning the second exposure by using a scanning path which forms an angle of 90 degrees with the first exposure direction, rotating the interlayer scanning direction by 90 degrees, carrying out slicing and layering processing on the STL format file according to the setting, and exporting the STL format file in a 3D printing format;
the fifth step: and forming the die steel split bodies by utilizing laser selective melting equipment according to the scanning path and the process parameters.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the die steel powder material in the first step includes 18Ni300 or CX or H13 or S136.
As a further scheme of the invention, the particle size of the die steel powder is 15-53 μm, and the die steel powder is produced by adopting a vacuum induction melting and gas atomization method.
As a further proposal of the invention, the Hall flow time of the die steel powder is required to be lower than 18s/50 g.
As a further scheme of the invention, the single-pass sintering length in the second step is more than 1mm, and the single-pass sintering width is obtained by selecting more than five points on the whole sintering length and averaging the points.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the scanning path in the fourth step adopts a zigzag or line scan corresponding to a stripe pattern, and the stripe width is set to be infinite.
As a further aspect of the invention, the first layer scan path is at 45 ° to the wind direction.
As a further aspect of the invention, the process parameters used for the second exposure may be different from those used for the first exposure.
As a further scheme of the invention, the laser power of the second exposure is 0.5-1 times of that of the first exposure; the scanning speed for the second exposure is 1-2 times of that for the first exposure.
As a further scheme of the invention, the aperture of the die steel in the fifth step is 0.02 mm-0.05 mm.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method utilizes the selective laser melting forming technology, adopts double exposure, interlayer rotation and accurate control of line spacing, and can successfully prepare the breathable die steel with uniformly communicated and distributed internal pores and pore diameter distribution of 0.02-0.05 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of a gas permeable die steel forming process for additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the measurement of the width of a single-pass stable forming channel under process parameters.
FIG. 3 is an overall view of a gas-permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.07 mm.
FIG. 4 is a close-up view of a permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.07 mm.
FIG. 5 is an overall view of a gas-permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.05 mm.
FIG. 6 is a close-up view of a permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.05 mm.
FIG. 7 is an overall view of a gas-permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.025 mm.
FIG. 8 is a close-up view of a permeable die steel having a pore size of 0.025 mm.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for forming a gas-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing, which specifically includes the following steps:
taking die steel powder, wherein the grain size of the die steel powder used in the step is 15-53 mu m, the powder is spherical, the fluidity is 16.4s/50g, and the apparent density is 3.92g/cm3(ii) a The substrate is made of 45# steel;
the laser power of the first exposure was set to 250W, the scanning speed was set to 1000mm/s, and the print layer thickness was set to 50 μm, and a single pass scanning test was performed. As shown in FIG. 2, the width D of the channel is stabilized at about 80 μm;
calculating a required overlapping distance H = D + a =150 μm according to a formula according to an expected aperture of a =70 μm, and setting the overlapping distance to be 150 μm;
selecting the laser power of the secondary exposure to be 0.8 times of that of the first exposure, namely 200W, and setting the scanning speed of the secondary exposure to be 1.5 times of that of the first exposure, namely 1500mm/s, and slicing and layering the STL format file according to a method of interlayer rotation by 90 degrees, and exporting the STL format file by using an SLM format file;
and (4) guiding the SLM format file into selective laser melting equipment, and molding the powder by using the selective laser melting equipment to prepare the breathable die steel.
The metallographic microscopic pictures of the obtained air-permeable die steel are shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and it can be seen from the pictures that the pores are uniform in size and uniform in arrangement, the typical pore size is 70.7 μm, which is close to the preset size, and the air permeability of the actual measurement result is good.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
taking die steel powder, wherein the grain size of the die steel powder used in the step is 15-53 mu m, the powder is spherical, the fluidity is 17.5s/50g, and the apparent density is 3.98g/cm3(ii) a The substrate is made of 304L stainless steel;
setting the laser power of the first exposure to be 300W, the scanning speed to be 1200mm/s and the printing layer thickness to be 50 microns, and carrying out a single-channel scanning test, wherein the width D of the channel is stabilized to be about 85 microns;
calculating a required overlapping distance H = D + a =135 μm according to a formula according to an expected aperture of a =50 μm, and setting the overlapping distance to be 135 μm;
selecting the laser power of the secondary exposure to be 0.7 times of that of the first exposure, namely 210W, setting the scanning speed of the secondary exposure to be 1.5 times of that of the first exposure, namely 1800mm/s, and slicing and layering the STL format file according to a method of interlayer rotation by 90 degrees and exporting the STL format file by an SLM format file;
and (3) introducing the SLM format file into selective laser melting equipment (SLM-280 HL laser 3D printer in the embodiment), and molding the powder by using the selective laser melting equipment to prepare the breathable die steel.
The metallographic microscopic pictures of the obtained air-permeable die steel are shown in fig. 5 and 6, and it can be seen from the pictures that the pores are uniform in size and uniform in arrangement, the typical pore size is 50.1 μm, which is close to the preset size, and the air permeability of the actual measurement result is good.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
taking die steel powder, wherein the grain size of the die steel powder used in the step is 15-53 mu m, the powder is spherical, the fluidity is 15.6s/50g, and the apparent density is 4.01g/cm3(ii) a The base plate is made of 1.2344 steel;
setting the laser power of the first exposure to be 280W, the scanning speed to be 1500mm/s and the printing layer thickness to be 50 microns, and carrying out a single-channel scanning test, wherein 3Dxpert software of a 3D system company is used for carrying out process parameter setting in the step, and the width D of a melt channel is stabilized to be about 75 microns;
calculating a required overlapping distance H = D + a =100 μm according to a formula according to an expected aperture of a =25 μm, and setting the overlapping distance to be 100 μm;
selecting the laser power of the secondary exposure to be 1 time of the first exposure, namely 280W, and the scanning speed of the secondary exposure to be 1 time of the first exposure, namely 1500mm/s, setting, and carrying out slicing and layering processing on the STL format file according to a method of interlayer rotation by 90 degrees and exporting the STL format file as an SLM format file;
and (4) guiding the SLM format file into selective laser melting equipment, and molding the powder by using the selective laser melting equipment to prepare the breathable die steel.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the metallographic microscopic picture of the obtained air-permeable die steel is obtained, and it can be seen from the picture that the pores have uniform size and uniform arrangement, the typical pore size is 24.1 μm, which is close to the preset size, and the air permeability of the actual measurement result is good.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A forming process method of air-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting powder to be formed as die steel powder;
the second step is that: selecting proper technological parameters by using selective laser melting equipment to perform a single-pass sintering test and measure the single-pass sintering width;
the third step: determining the line spacing of the air-permeable die steel sintering according to the required aperture;
the fourth step: setting each layer of secondary exposure, scanning the second exposure by using a scanning path which forms an angle of 90 degrees with the first exposure direction, rotating the interlayer scanning direction by 90 degrees, carrying out slicing and layering processing on the STL format file according to the setting, and exporting the STL format file in a 3D printing format;
the fifth step: and forming the die steel split bodies by utilizing laser selective melting equipment according to the scanning path and the process parameters.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the die steel powder material in the first step comprises 18Ni300 or CX or H13 or S136.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the forming process of the gas-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing comprises: the particle size of the die steel powder is 15-53 mu m, and the die steel powder is produced by a vacuum induction melting and gas atomization method.
4. A gas-permeable die steel forming process for additive manufacturing according to claim 3, characterized in that: the Hall flow time of the die steel powder is required to be lower than 18s/50 g.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the single-pass sintering length is more than 1mm, and the single-pass sintering width is obtained by selecting more than five points on the whole sintering length and taking the average value of the five points.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the scanning path in the fourth step adopts zigzag scanning or straight scanning, which corresponds to the stripe pattern, and the stripe width is set to be infinite.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the forming process of the gas-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing comprises: the first layer scan path is at 45 ° to the wind direction.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the forming process of the gas-permeable die steel for additive manufacturing comprises: the process parameters used for the second exposure may be different from those used for the first exposure.
9. The method of any one of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laser power of the second exposure is 0.5-1 time of that of the first exposure; the scanning speed for the second exposure is 1-2 times of that for the first exposure.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, the aperture of the die steel is 0.02 mm-0.05 mm.
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| CN112974804A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | Structure-controllable porous material additive manufacturing method |
| CN113427020A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-24 | 清华大学 | Laser powder bed melting additive manufacturing method based on multiple scanning melting |
| CN114161663A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Mold ventilation structure, mold and mold manufacturing process |
| CN114406285A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州大学 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
| CN114619049A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 季华实验室 | Process development method for selective laser melting forming of metal material |
| TWI818789B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-10-11 | 國立高雄科技大學 | Gas-permeable metal structure with hole gradient and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN114161663A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 湖南华曙高科技股份有限公司 | Mold ventilation structure, mold and mold manufacturing process |
| CN114406285A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-29 | 苏州大学 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
| CN114406285B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-03-10 | 苏州大学 | Method for preparing closed-cell foam steel by laser additive manufacturing technology |
| CN114619049A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-14 | 季华实验室 | Process development method for selective laser melting forming of metal material |
| CN114619049B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-05-16 | 季华实验室 | Process development method for forming metal material by selective laser melting |
| TWI818789B (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-10-11 | 國立高雄科技大學 | Gas-permeable metal structure with hole gradient and manufacturing method thereof |
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