CN117964661A - 一种磷霉素基因毒杂质c的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种磷霉素基因毒杂质c的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117964661A CN117964661A CN202410381406.2A CN202410381406A CN117964661A CN 117964661 A CN117964661 A CN 117964661A CN 202410381406 A CN202410381406 A CN 202410381406A CN 117964661 A CN117964661 A CN 117964661A
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- YMDXZJFXQJVXBF-STHAYSLISA-N fosfomycin Chemical compound C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1P(O)(O)=O YMDXZJFXQJVXBF-STHAYSLISA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229960000308 fosfomycin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 231100000024 genotoxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000001738 genotoxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-GSVOUGTGSA-N methyl (R)-lactate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 lithium aluminum hydride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 13
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- JXRGUPLJCCDGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 JXRGUPLJCCDGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSQPUMRCKZAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;ethanol Chemical compound CCO.O=C=O OSQPUMRCKZAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L potassium;sodium;(2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;tetrahydrate Chemical class O.O.O.O.[Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VZOPRCCTKLAGPN-ZFJVMAEJSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940125898 compound 5 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950006238 nadide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCYJXSUPZMNXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical class OCC(N)C(O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OCYJXSUPZMNXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 102000003960 Ligases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000364 Ligases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191963 Staphylococcus epidermidis Species 0.000 description 1
- LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium ion Chemical compound [Ti+4] LCKIEQZJEYYRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCl BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005906 dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010017796 epoxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NJBWORPRIRNTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-(benzenesulfonyl)acetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NJBWORPRIRNTLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229930029653 phosphoenolpyruvate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- DTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoenolpyruvic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)OP(O)(O)=O DTBNBXWJWCWCIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005834 sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylphosphonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 USFPINLPPFWTJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001635 urinary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65502—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a three-membered ring
- C07F9/65505—Phosphonic acids containing oxirane groups; esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/26—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfonic acids
- C07C303/28—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfonic acids by reaction of hydroxy compounds with sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
- C07C303/26—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfonic acids
- C07C303/30—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of esters of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of esterified sulfo groups
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,本发明的合成路线以D‑乳酸甲酯为起始原料,经保护,还原,加成后SN2,三步反应制备得到手性的磷霉素基因毒杂质C,该方法具有路线简洁、耗时短、试剂廉价易得、操作简易、后处理简单、收率较高,后处理不会产生废酸废水,污染小、绿色环保的优点。本发明为磷霉素本身的合成提供了一种新思路,能够快速得到克级产品,有利于磷霉素原料药中的基因毒杂质开展毒理研究,为磷霉素原料药的安全测试提供了便利。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于杂环化合物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法。
背景技术
磷霉素(Fosfomycin,通常指左旋磷霉素)是种天然广谱抗生素,其分子结构与磷酸烯醇丙酮酸相似,能与细菌细胞壁合成酶相结合,阻碍细菌利用有关物质合成细胞壁而导致细菌死亡,对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌等革兰阳性球菌,以及大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等革兰阴性菌都具有较强的抗菌活性,主要用于治疗尿路、皮肤、软组织及肠道等的感染,最早于1969年由美国MERCK公司和西班牙CEP公司从西班牙土壤中的Streptomyces fradicle菌中分离而得,早期通过链霉菌的发酵液进行半生物合成,后来发展出了几种工艺合成路线。
在活性药物成分(API)的工艺生产过程中,一些起始物料、中间体、试剂和反应副产物不可避免地作为杂质残留于最终产品中,因此,一种药物的安全性不仅与它本身的活性结构有关,也与API含有的杂质有关。为了评估原料药杂质的安全性,需要先用液相制备色谱从API中分离出杂质,然后通过元素分析、质谱、核磁共振谱、射线衍射等分析方法确认分子结构,再通过HPLC制备或者人工合成出一定的量,最后送到有资质的单位进行详尽的毒理检验。由于所分离制备的对象为API中的微量杂质,其含量通常是主化合物千分之几,结构和性质通常又与主成分很相似,为获得完整的杂质信息,需要获得毫克到克级的纯杂质样品,以便后续研究使用,但制备色谱存在耗时长,进样量小等问题,有时人工合成更为快捷高效。
由于磷霉素稳定性较差,必须以盐的形式存在,且若磷酸部分含有烷基,则无法按常规思路使用过氧化物氧化双键造出环氧,因此,磷霉素基因毒杂质C具有一定的合成难度,关键在于如何构建环氧结构,下面简略介绍三条相关的路线:
第一条路线为Yuichi Kobayashi等人于2001年在Journal of organicchemistry上发表的AD-mix-α参与的不对称合成磷霉素杂质C,路线如图1所示:以反式-1-溴-1-丙烯为原料,经四三苯基膦钯催化磷酯化,Sharpless不对称双羟基化,再用对硝基苯磺酰氯构建离去基团,最后环氧化得到磷霉素杂质C。该路线主要问题有:1)起始原料、钯催化剂昂贵,成本很高;2)每一步反应耗时太长,尤其是双羟化动态动力学拆分长达10天。
第二条路线为东京大学的Pinghua Liu等人于2001年在JACS上报道的还原型辅酶I与Fe(II)协同完成的环氧化,路线如图2所示:从氯丙酮出发,Arbuzov反应得到烷基磷酸二烷基酯,接着硼氢化钠还原,再三甲基溴硅烷水解乙基,最后以(S)-2-羟基丙基磷酸环氧酶和铁(II)为催化剂,在氧气、黄素单核酸和还原型辅酶I的作用下,经环氧化得到磷霉素。该路线主要问题有:1)生物发酵酶及菌株的筛选与合成过程繁琐且成本高;2)酶底物的特异性和产物对铁(II)的抑制作用导致收率仅5%,因此,生物合成法难以实现工业化生产。
第三条路线为目前国内外合成磷霉素结构的主流工艺,最早由Christensen等人于1969年在Science上发表,路线如图3所示:从丙炔醇出发,三氯化磷取代,水解,叔丁醇钾催化炔烃重排为联烯,钯碳氢化,最后在钨酸钠、EDTA-Na的催化下,双氧水氧化双键得到磷霉素的外消旋体,在乙醇中经(+)-α-苯乙胺低温沉淀结晶拆分得到磷霉素右胺盐,该路线条件温和,收率尚可,但缺点也难以克服:1)钯碳氢化对联烯两个双键的选择性不好,容易生成端烯副产物以及过度氢化,且无立体选择性,导致需要拆分得到产品,损失一部分原料;2)钨酸钠等都会失活,无法回收;3)结晶拆分需要在-10℃沉淀16h,溶剂选择不合理,会耗费大量溶剂,且正是因为使用了乙醇,API中含有微量磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
上述三条路线中存在耗时长、关键步骤产率低,或者生物合成难以重复,产物消旋需要拆分等等问题,不适用于制备克级的磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C(CAS:28423-96-3)的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:室温下,将D-乳酸甲酯、有机碱、4-二甲氨基吡啶和磺酰氯在二氯甲烷中反应6-8h得到化合物2;
步骤2:室温下,在氮气或稀有气体氛围中将化合物2和二氯甲烷混合后转移至干冰乙醇浴,再加入还原剂反应2-3h得到化合物3;
步骤3:室温下,在氮气或稀有气体氛围中向化合物3和二氯甲烷的混合液中加入钛酸异丙酯并混匀,随后加入亚磷酸二乙酯反应2-3h,再加入有机碱继续反应3-4h得到磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
优选的,步骤1中所述有机碱为三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA)中的至少一种,更优选为三乙胺。
优选的,步骤1中所述磺酰氯为对甲苯磺酰氯(TsCl)、对硝基苯磺酰氯(p-NsCl)、苯磺酰氯(BSC)中的至少一种,更优选为对甲苯磺酰氯。
优选的,步骤1中D-乳酸甲酯、有机碱、4-二甲氨基吡啶、磺酰氯的摩尔比为l:(2-2.5):(0.2-0.3):(1.1-1.2),更优选为1:2.5:0.2:1.1。
优选的,步骤2中所述还原剂为二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H)、四氢铝锂、三乙基硼氢化锂中的至少一种,更优选为二异丁基氢化铝。
优选的,步骤2中化合物2、还原剂的摩尔比为l:(1.1-1.2),更优选为1:1.1。
优选的,步骤3中所述有机碱为三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)中的至少一种,更优选为1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯。
优选的,步骤3中化合物3、钛酸异丙酯、亚磷酸二乙酯、有机碱的摩尔比为l:(1.1-1.3):(1.3-1.5):(2-2.2),更优选为1:1.2:1.5:2。
优选的,步骤1中所述反应6-8h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,分液后用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱分离纯化得到化合物2。
优选的,步骤2中所述反应2-3h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后,滴加甲醇淬灭后再加入饱和四水合酒石酸钾钠溶液搅拌吸附铝离子,分液后用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,铺一层6cm厚的硅胶在砂芯漏斗中,过滤掉无机盐,再次旋干溶剂得到化合物3。
优选的,步骤3中所述反应3-4h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后加水淬灭,硅藻土过滤掉絮状物后分液,用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱分离纯化得到磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明的合成路线以D-乳酸甲酯为起始原料,经保护,还原,加成后SN2,三步反应制备得到手性的磷霉素基因毒杂质C,该方法具有路线简洁、耗时短、试剂廉价易得、操作简易、后处理简单、收率较高,后处理不会产生废酸废水,污染小、绿色环保的优点。
(2)本发明为磷霉素本身的合成提供了一种新思路,能够快速得到克级产品,有利于磷霉素原料药中的基因毒杂质开展毒理研究,为磷霉素原料药的安全测试提供了便利。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为Yuichi Kobayashi等人的磷霉素杂质C合成路线。
图2为Pinghua Liu等人的磷霉素合成路线。
图3为Christensen等人的磷霉素右胺盐合成路线。
图4为本发明实施例磷霉素基因毒杂质C的合成路线。
图5为本发明实施例合成的化合物3的核磁图谱。
图6为本发明实施例合成的磷霉素基因毒杂质C的核磁图谱。
图7为本发明实施例合成的磷霉素基因毒杂质C的质谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行清楚、完整地描述,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的,决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。对于未特别注明的工艺参数,可参照常规技术进行。
实施例
如图4所示,本实施例提供一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,按如下步骤进行:
步骤1:室温下,将D-乳酸甲酯(化合物1,10.4g,9.55mL,100mmol)置于250mL圆底烧瓶中,加入二氯甲烷(DCM,100mL)稀释后,滴入三乙胺(Et3N,25.30g,34.75mL,250mmol),然后加入4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,2.44g,20mmol),称取对甲苯磺酰氯(TsCl,20.97g,110mmol)并分成五等份每隔2min依次加入反应体系中,加完保持室温搅拌反应6小时,TLC监控原料消耗完毕后(原料用碘缸或高锰酸钾显色),加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(40mL)淬灭,分液后,DCM(20mL×2)萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱(PE:EA=5:1)分离纯化得到透明油状物即化合物2(22.24g,86mmol),收率86%。
LCMS (ESI+) Calculated for C11H14O5S[M+H+] : 259.1,found:259.1。
步骤2:室温下,将化合物2(22.24g,86mmol)置于500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁子,氮气置换三次,注入超干DCM(200mL)后放到干冰乙醇浴中冷却至-78℃,随后以1mL/min的速率滴加二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H,1.0M in Hexanes,94.6mL,94.6mmol),滴完继续搅拌反应2小时,TLC监控原料消耗完毕后,滴加甲醇(5mL)淬灭后再加入饱和四水合酒石酸钾钠溶液搅拌0.5h吸附铝离子,分液后,DCM(20mL×2)萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(80mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,铺一层6cm厚的硅胶在砂芯漏斗中,过滤掉无机盐,再次旋干溶剂得到淡黄色黏稠液体即化合物3(14.16g,62mmol),收率72%。
LCMS (ESI+) Calculated for C10H12O4S[M+H+] : 229.0,found:229.0。
图5为化合物3的1H NMR (600 MHz, Chloroform-d) 核磁共振谱图。1H NMR (600MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 9.57 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 2H), 4.73 (q, J = 7.1, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.36 (d, J = 7.0 Hz,3H).
步骤3:室温下,将化合物3(14.16g,62mmol)置于500mL圆底烧瓶中,加入磁子,氮气置换三次,注入超干DCM(250mL),溶解后,注入钛酸异丙酯(Ti(OPr)4,21.15g,22.03mL,74.42mmol)并搅拌0.5h,接着注入亚磷酸二乙酯(化合物4,12.85g,11.99mL,93.03mmol),加完保持室温搅拌2小时,最后注入1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU,18.88g,18.53mL,124.04mmol)继续搅拌3h,TLC监控原料消耗完毕后(产物用碘缸或高锰酸钾显色),加水(60mL)淬灭,硅藻土过滤掉絮状物后分液,DCM(30mL×2)萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱(PE:EA=2:1)分离纯化得到透明油状物为化合物5即磷霉素基因毒杂质C(8.19g,42.17mmol),收率68%,总收率42%。
LCMS (ESI+) Calculated for C7H15O4P[M+H+] : 195.1,found:195.2。
图6为终产物化合物5的1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) 核磁共振谱图。1H NMR(400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 4.43 - 3.98 (m, 4H), 3.33 - 3.24 (m, 1H), 2.93 (dd,J = 27.3, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 1.58 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 3H), 1.36 (td, J = 7.1, 2.5 Hz,6H).
图7为终产物化合物5(m/z=194.1, M+H+=195.2, M+Na+=217.1)的质谱图(ESI+)。终产物经质谱及核磁谱验证结构正确,表明本发明成功合成了磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
本发明中的化合物3尚无文献报道其合成方法,发明人在实验过程中还原化合物2为醇后尝试了各种氧化,都没找到可行的方法得到醛,最后选用低温下铝离子与羰基螯合成环还原得到醛基,还原这步使用酯基或者Weinreb酰胺皆可,但由于原料化合物1自带甲酯,做成Weinreb酰胺要花费额外的步骤,遂舍弃。且溶剂选用DCM而非THF,降低滴加速率,减慢了DABAL-H的反应速度,抑制了还原到醇的副反应发生。
本发明选用高效、高立体选择性的钛酸异丙酯来催化醛基与磷酸加成,以及选择没有亲核性的DBU来促进OTs离去构建环氧,钛(IV)与羟基配位,SN2反应后构型翻转得到有手性的磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
由于磷霉素结构不稳定以及含有磷酯则无法常规氧化双键等问题,已报道的磷霉素基因毒杂质C类似合成路线较为繁琐,包括但不限于路线较长、试剂种类繁多、操作复杂等,还伴有产率不稳定、拆分损失等问题,即使是主流工艺,也仍需严格控制各步条件。本发明的合成路线以D-乳酸甲酯为起始原料,经保护,还原,加成后SN2,三步反应制备得到手性的磷霉素基因毒杂质C,该方法具有路线简洁、耗时短、试剂廉价易得、操作简易、后处理简单、收率较高,后处理不会产生废酸废水,污染小、绿色环保的优点。
本发明为磷霉素本身的合成提供了一种新思路,能够快速得到克级产品,有利于磷霉素原料药中的基因毒杂质开展毒理研究,为磷霉素原料药的安全测试提供了便利。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:室温下,将D-乳酸甲酯、有机碱、4-二甲氨基吡啶和磺酰氯在二氯甲烷中反应6-8h得到化合物2;
步骤2:室温下,在氮气或稀有气体氛围中将化合物2和二氯甲烷混合后转移至干冰乙醇浴,再加入还原剂反应2-3h得到化合物3;
步骤3:室温下,在氮气或稀有气体氛围中向化合物3和二氯甲烷的混合液中加入钛酸异丙酯并混匀,随后加入亚磷酸二乙酯反应2-3h,再加入有机碱继续反应3-4h得到磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
2.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述有机碱为三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺中的至少一种,所述磺酰氯为对甲苯磺酰氯、对硝基苯磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中D-乳酸甲酯、有机碱、4-二甲氨基吡啶、磺酰氯的摩尔比为l:(2-2.5):(0.2-0.3):(1.1-1.2)。
4.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中所述还原剂为二异丁基氢化铝、四氢铝锂、三乙基硼氢化锂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中化合物2、还原剂的摩尔比为l:(1.1-1.2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述有机碱为三乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中化合物3、钛酸异丙酯、亚磷酸二乙酯、有机碱的摩尔比为l:(1.1-1.3):(1.3-1.5):(2-2.2)。
8.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中所述反应6-8h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,分液后用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱分离纯化得到化合物2。
9.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中所述反应2-3h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后,滴加甲醇淬灭后再加入饱和四水合酒石酸钾钠溶液搅拌吸附铝离子,分液后用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,铺一层6cm厚的硅胶在砂芯漏斗中,过滤掉无机盐,再次旋干溶剂得到化合物3。
10.根据权利要求1所述磷霉素基因毒杂质C的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述反应3-4h后,还包括:TLC监控原料消耗完毕后加水淬灭,硅藻土过滤掉絮状物后分液,用二氯甲烷萃取水相,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并减压旋干溶剂,通过硅胶快速柱层析色谱分离纯化得到磷霉素基因毒杂质C。
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