CN117924696A - 一种改性聚六亚甲基胍及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种改性聚六亚甲基胍及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种改性聚六亚甲基胍及其制备方法和应用,其通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得,所述环氧有机硅具有如下式A所示结构。所述聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐选自盐酸聚六亚甲基胍、葡萄糖酸聚六亚甲基胍、乳酸聚六亚甲基胍、硫酸聚六亚甲基胍、磷酸聚六亚甲基胍中的一种。本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的相容性和结合能力强,并且化学稳定性好,杀菌效果好、抗菌时效长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌材料领域,具体涉及一种改性聚六亚甲基胍及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
细菌、病毒等致病性微生物是人类健康的主要杀手之一,极易在塑料、纤维等高分子材料表面滋生,对使用和接触这些材料的人们的健康构成很大威胁。因此,在高分子材料中添加抗菌剂制成抗菌材料,可以将材料上的细菌、病毒在一定时间内杀死或抑制其繁殖,从而保持材料的清洁卫生。
目前,抗菌材料已广泛应用于医疗、家具、家电、纺织等领域,以保护人们的健康免受细菌的侵害。抗菌材料主要是通过有机抗菌剂、无机抗菌剂、有机-无机复合抗菌剂或季铵盐高分子抗菌剂与制品材料共混而制备;也可以通过表面接枝的方式,使制品材料表面含各种抗菌基团,如季铵盐、金属离子、碘、壳聚糖等,获得抗菌性能;还可以通过制品材料基体改性的方式,使制品材料基体本身含有抗菌功能团,赋予其抗菌功能。然而,这些抗菌材料具有很多争议,如毒性、污染、成本高、耐药性和不可持续的抗菌活性等,限制了它们的使用寿命和应用范围。
胍类聚合物因含有胍基官能团具有有效的抗菌能力,而被广泛用于抗菌剂和抗菌材料中。在众多的胍类聚合物中,对聚六亚甲基胍(PHMG)的研究最为广泛。PHMG是一种广谱抗微生物剂,分为聚六亚甲基单胍盐酸盐和聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐,PHMG易溶于水,水溶液无色无味,具有良好的生物相容性且无毒,可以广泛、安全地用作抗菌剂和抗菌材料中。
但现有技术中的聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的相容性和结合能力不足,会导致抗菌材料的抗菌性能的分布不均匀,并且其化学稳定性不足,无法在抗菌材料中长时间发挥作用。
因此,目前亟需一种在高分子材料中的相容性和结合能力强,并且化学稳定性好,杀菌效果好、抗菌时效长的改性聚六亚甲基胍。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种在高分子材料中的相容性和结合能力强,并且化学稳定性好,杀菌效果好、抗菌时效长的改性聚六亚甲基胍及其制备方法和应用。
技术方案:
一种改性聚六亚甲基胍,通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得;
所述环氧有机硅具有如下式A所示结构:
本发明的环氧有机硅中含有多个环氧基团,一方面可以与聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐的端氨基反应,接枝于分子表面;另一方面环氧有机硅中未反应的环氧基团可以与高分子材料通过化学键的方式结合,有效增强改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的结合能力。
进一步地,所述聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐选自盐酸聚六亚甲基胍、葡萄糖酸聚六亚甲基胍、乳酸聚六亚甲基胍、硫酸聚六亚甲基胍、磷酸聚六亚甲基胍中的一种。
进一步地,所述环氧有机硅的制备方法为:在反应器中将1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷和氢氧化钠搅拌溶于有机溶剂后,升温至40-60℃,加入1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚,搅拌反应18-24小时后,减压蒸馏、洗涤后制得所述环氧有机硅。
本发明的环氧有机硅中含有硅甲基和长链结构,可以有效提高改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的相容性,并且可以提高其化学稳定性,进而可以延长其抗菌时效和增强其耐候性。
进一步地,所述1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷和1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚的摩尔比为1:2-2.2。
进一步地,所述氢氧化钠的加入量为体系总质量的3-5%。
上述任意一项所述改性聚六亚甲基胍的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在反应器中加入有机溶剂后,加入聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐超声溶解;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应器中加入环氧有机硅,加热至50-60℃反应3-4小时后,重结晶、洗涤制得所述改性聚六亚甲基胍。
环氧有机硅中的环氧基分别与聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐的两个端氨基反应,控制反应时间和反应温度,以免生成交联结构的产物。
进一步地,所述聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅的质量比为3:4-5。
本发明的环氧有机硅中含有有机硅-叔胺结构,接枝于聚六亚甲基胍后可以进一步提高其杀菌效果。
进一步地,所述有机溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺中的一种。
上述任意一项所述改性聚六亚甲基胍在制备抗菌高分子材料中的应用。
进一步地,所述抗菌高分子材料包含聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和淀粉-PVA复合薄膜。
有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得,其中环氧有机硅中含有多个环氧基团,一方面可以与聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐的端氨基反应,接枝于分子表面;另一方面环氧有机硅中未反应的环氧基团可以与高分子材料通过化学键的方式结合,有效增强改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的结合能力。
(2)本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得,其中环氧有机硅中含有硅甲基和长链结构,可以有效提高改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的相容性,并且可以提高其化学稳定性,进而可以延长其抗菌时效和增强其耐候性。
(3)本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得,其中环氧有机硅中含有有机硅-叔胺结构,接枝于聚六亚甲基胍后可以进一步提高其杀菌效果。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施方案来说明本发明。需要说明的是,下面的实施例为本发明的示例,仅用来说明本发明,而不用来限制本发明。在不偏离本发明主旨或范围的情况下,可进行本发明构思内的其他组合和各种改良。
市售抗菌剂是从山东新动能化学有限公司购买的吡啶硫酮锌;市售聚六亚甲基胍是从上海德兼化工有限公司购买的聚六亚甲基胍jl-2。其余试剂、设备为本技术领域常规试剂和设备。
环氧有机硅-1制备
通过以下步骤制备环氧有机硅-1:
在反应器中将0.02mol的1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷和1g氢氧化钠搅拌溶于50ml甲醇后,升温至50℃,加入0.04mol的1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚,搅拌反应24小时后,减压蒸馏、洗涤后制得所述环氧有机硅-1。
双环氧醚化剂-1的质谱数据:采用LC-MS对产物进行分析,产物的m/z为606.43(100.0%),607.47(40.6%),608.46(11.6%),609.46(2.3%)。
环氧有机硅-2制备
基本同环氧有机硅-1制备,所不同的是1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷改为等摩尔量的丁二胺。
双环氧醚化剂-2的质谱数据:采用LC-MS对产物进行分析,产物的m/z为492.34(100.0%),493.40(28.9%),494.39(4.3%)。
环氧有机硅-3制备
基本同环氧有机硅-1制备,所不同的是1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚改为等摩尔量的环氧丙烷。
双环氧醚化剂-3的质谱数据:采用LC-MS对产物进行分析,产物的m/z为318.27(100.0%),319.29(24.0%),320.27(6.1%)。
实施例1
通过以下步骤制备改性聚六亚甲基胍:
(1)在单口烧瓶中加入20mL二甲基亚砜后,加入3g盐酸聚六亚甲基胍超声溶解;
(2)向步骤(1)的单口烧瓶中加入4g环氧有机硅-1,加热至60℃反应4小时后,重结晶、洗涤制得所述改性聚六亚甲基胍。
实施例2
基本同实施例1,所不同的是盐酸聚六亚甲基胍改为等量葡萄糖酸聚六亚甲基胍;二甲基亚砜改为等量二甲基甲酰胺。
实施例3
基本同实施例1,所不同的是盐酸聚六亚甲基胍改为等量硫酸聚六亚甲基胍;环氧有机硅-1改为5g。
对比例1
市售抗菌剂。
对比例2
市售聚六亚甲基胍。
对比例3
基本同实施例1,所不同的是环氧有机硅-1改为等量丙三醇三缩水甘油醚。
对比例4
基本同实施例1,所不同的是环氧有机硅-1改为等量环氧有机硅-2。
对比例5
基本同实施例1,所不同的是环氧有机硅-1改为等量环氧有机硅-3。
性能测试
将实施例1-3与对比例1-5的产品与聚酰胺56树脂(有机高分子材料)按照质量比3:100,混合均匀,采用双螺杆挤出机,在260℃条件下共混并切粒,制得复合树脂切片,再放入真空转鼓干燥箱,于128℃干燥后,设置喷丝板为36孔、纺丝温度为280℃、牵伸温度75℃、热定型温度130℃、卷绕速度2800m/min,通过熔融纺丝、牵伸、定型、卷绕制得抗菌材料。
稳定性检测:将实施例1-3与对比例1-5制得的抗菌材料在40±2℃的实验条件下,放置6个月,检测杀菌成分含量下降率。
杀菌能力检测:将实施例1-3与对比例1-5制得的抗菌材料依据QB/T2591-2003《抗菌塑料-抗菌性能试验方法和抗菌效果》进行抗菌性能测试。在5cm×5cm片材样品上,用无菌棉将0.4mL大肠杆菌菌液(106CFU/mL)平铺在样品表面同时贴上无菌保鲜膜,37℃恒温箱中培养24小时后用20mL的PBS缓冲液冲洗贴膜,得到菌液(104CFU/mL)。取该菌液0.1mL均匀涂布在琼脂板上,将琼脂板放在37℃恒温箱中培养24小时之后进行活菌平板计数,计算抑菌率。
抗菌时效检测:将实施例1-3与对比例1-5制得的抗菌材料依据QB/T2591-2003《抗菌塑料-抗菌性能试验方法和抗菌效果》进行抗菌性能测试。在5cm×5cm片材样品上,用无菌棉将0.4mL大肠杆菌菌液(106CFU/mL)平铺在样品表面同时贴上无菌保鲜膜,37℃恒温箱中加速培养3个月后用20mL的PBS缓冲液冲洗贴膜,得到菌液(104CFU/mL)。取该菌液0.1mL均匀涂布在琼脂板上,将琼脂板放在37℃恒温箱中培养3个月后进行活菌平板计数,计算抑菌率。
检测结果如下表:
杀菌成分含量下降率(%) | 24小时抑菌率(%) | 3个月抑菌率(%) | |
实施例1 | 3.5 | 100 | 98 |
实施例2 | 3.7 | 100 | 99 |
实施例3 | 3.2 | 100 | 98 |
对比例1 | 12.1 | 92 | 80 |
对比例2 | 10.5 | 95 | 82 |
对比例3 | 9.2 | 96 | 84 |
对比例4 | 5.3 | 96 | 92 |
对比例5 | 8.7 | 99 | 89 |
根据实施例1-3与对比例1、2的检测结果对比可知,本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍所制得的抗菌材料较常用的抗菌具有更好的稳定性,储存时间更加,并且具有更好的杀菌效果和更长的抗菌时效。
根据实施例1-3与对比例3-5的检测结果对比可知,本发明提供的改性聚六亚甲基胍中含有的环氧基团可以增强改性聚六亚甲基胍在高分子材料中的结合能力,进而提高所制得的抗菌材料的储存时间和稳定性;其含有的有机硅-叔胺结构可以进一步提高抗菌材料的杀菌效果。
以上实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人了解本发明内容并加以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种改性聚六亚甲基胍,其特征在于,通过聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅反应制得;
所述环氧有机硅具有如下式A所示结构:
。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍,其特征在于,所述聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐选自盐酸聚六亚甲基胍、葡萄糖酸聚六亚甲基胍、乳酸聚六亚甲基胍、硫酸聚六亚甲基胍、磷酸聚六亚甲基胍中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍,其特征在于,所述环氧有机硅的制备方法为:在反应器中将1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷和氢氧化钠搅拌溶于有机溶剂后,升温至40-60℃,加入1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚,搅拌反应18-24小时后,减压蒸馏、洗涤后制得所述环氧有机硅。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍,其特征在于,所述1,1-二甲基-N,N'-二仲丁氨基硅烷和1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚的摩尔比为1:2-2.2。
5.根据权利要求3所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍,其特征在于,所述氢氧化钠的加入量为体系总质量的3-5%。
6.权利要求1-5任意一项所述改性聚六亚甲基胍的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在反应器中加入有机溶剂后,加入聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐超声溶解;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应器中加入环氧有机硅,加热至50-60℃反应3-4小时后,重结晶、洗涤制得所述改性聚六亚甲基胍。
7.根据权利要求6所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚六亚甲基胍酸式盐和环氧有机硅的质量比为3:4-5。
8.根据权利要求6所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基乙酰胺中的一种。
9.权利要求1-8任意一项所述改性聚六亚甲基胍在制备抗菌高分子材料中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的改性聚六亚甲基胍的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌高分子材料包含聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和淀粉-PVA复合薄膜。
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