CN117918212A

CN117918212A - Cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plate field

Info

Publication number: CN117918212A
Application number: CN202410140956.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾小林; 李捷; 钟敏; 吴洁; 陈俊英; 聂太礼
Original assignee: Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute
Current assignee: Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute
Priority date: 2024-03-11
Filing date: 2024-03-11
Publication date: 2024-04-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates, which comprises the steps of immersing onion varieties in an immersion liquid according to a first preset time, immersing the onion varieties immersed in the immersion liquid in clear water at 40-60 ℃ according to a second preset time, wrapping the onion varieties with wet cloth, and accelerating germination under an environmental condition at 25 ℃; at least three planting areas are constructed, three onion varieties are respectively sown in the at least three planting areas, the thickness of fine sandy soil is covered with seeds after sowing, wherein the planting density range of the onion varieties is 30-50g/m ², the proportion range of all the planting areas to a constructed production field is 1:7-1:9, and the planting areas are selected from loose, fertile and water-retaining soil; after the cotton stalks are pulled out, applying a base fertilizer in a small ditch formed in a cotton field plate, and when 3-4 leaves grow on seedlings of the onion variety, planting the seedlings, wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of land is 50:1-40:3, a step of; the yield is not greatly reduced.

Description

Cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plate field

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates.

Background

Onions are also called bulbus allii, allium giganteum, allium yucca, allium fistulosum, allium of the family liliaceae, are 2-year-old herbaceous plants, the row spacing of the planted plants is generally 60 x 30cm, the vertical growth is about 1.5m, the leaf sheath is used for synthesizing a 'false stem', the umbrella-shaped inflorescence is provided with 200 to 1300 flowers, cross pollination and capsules. Mature seeds are shield-shaped, black, and have thousand grains weighing 3-5 g, and the service life is one year. Onions are widely distributed in China, cultivated in all places of south and north, and the planting area is continuously enlarged, so that the onion is one of the main cultivated vegetables in China at present. Onion is favored by consumers because of its rich nutrition, and its ability to soften blood vessels and reduce blood lipid. China has become one of 4 countries (China, india, america, japan) with higher onion production. Due to the large planting area, the seed demand is large.

In recent years, the cotton planting enthusiasm of cotton farmers is seriously influenced due to low cotton price and low cotton planting benefit caused by high production cost, and in actual production, if single cotton is planted in a field, the problem of low land utilization rate is easily caused, so that the yield per unit area is low. Along with continuous exploration of scientific researchers, when the capsicum is interplanted in the onions, the land utilization rate can be greatly improved, and the overall yield of unit area is further improved.

Although the overall yield per unit area is improved by interplanting capsicum into onions, the yield of onions after interplanting is reduced more than the yield of prior individually planted onions, i.e., the yield of onions is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates, which can improve the yield of the interplanted onions.

A cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates comprises the following steps:

Three full onion varieties are selected, the onion varieties are soaked in a soaking solution according to a first preset time, the onion varieties soaked in the soaking solution are soaked in clear water at 40-60 ℃ according to a second preset time, and the onion varieties are wrapped by wet cloth and then are subjected to germination acceleration under an environmental condition at 25 ℃;

At least three planting areas are constructed, three onion varieties are respectively sown in the at least three planting areas, the thickness of fine sandy soil is covered with seeds after sowing, wherein the planting density range of the onion varieties is 30-50g/m ², the proportion range of all the planting areas to a constructed production field is 1:7-1:9, and the planting areas are selected from loose, fertile and water-retaining soil;

After the cotton stalks are pulled out, applying a base fertilizer in a small ditch formed in a cotton field plate, and planting when 3-4 leaves grow on seedlings of the onion variety, wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of land is 50:1-40:3, a step of;

After the value is fixed, water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, chemical control and investigation are carried out, and meanwhile, the sowing period, seedling emergence period, transplanting period, harvesting period and calculated growth period of each onion variety are recorded.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: cotton is interplanted in onion products, and the cotton can be used for applying base fertilizer and soaking onion varieties, so that the yield of onion products in each mu of field can be kept without great reduction.

Further, the soaking solution is 3-5% of 100 times solution special for the agricultural resistance 120 melon vegetable tobacco or 70.0-72.0% of 500 times solution of propamocarb hydrochloride water, the first preset time is 20-40 min, and the second preset time is 10-30 min.

Further, the step of constructing at least three planting areas, and sowing three onion varieties in the at least three planting areas respectively comprises the steps of:

Selecting loose, fertile and strong-water-holding soil, applying plantar fertilizer, finely ploughing and fine raking, uniformly mixing the soil fertilizer, and forming a flat furrow, wherein 12 planting areas are formed on the flat furrow;

three onion varieties were randomly sown in 12 of the planting areas in late September, while each onion variety occupied 4 planting areas.

Further, the step of planting the onion variety seedlings when the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves comprises the following steps:

Ploughing to a depth of 17-22cm, uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with soil, raking, crushing soil blocks into small blocks with a diameter smaller than 2cm, and building flat furrow with a furrow width of 1.5m, a furrow height of 0.3m and a furrow length of 20m;

And (3) selecting seedlings of the onion variety to be planted when 3-4 leaves grow, and selecting seedlings with consistent sizes for planting during planting.

Further, the water and fertilizer management includes:

after the onion is planted in a fixed way, watering 1 time of seedling-recovering water for 4-7d, promoting the growth of seedlings, and watering 1 time of horse race water for 6-9d after the seedlings grow 12-16 leaves;

After field planting, applying 4-6kg of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer for 15-20 d; after field planting, 10-30d plants are dressed with 4-6 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer;

And when 7-8 leaves grow on the plants and the bulb diameter reaches 3cm, applying 50-70 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and/or 2-4 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.

Further, after the step of covering seeds with fine sand soil with a thickness of 2cm after sowing, the method further comprises:

the field can be hung with the insect sticking plate and the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp is arranged to trap and kill the insect by adopting the protected field for seedling raising.

Further, the chemical control includes:

if the onion is damping-off or damping-off, controlling with 2 times of 30% metalaxyl-hymexazol aqua, mainly spraying the root and the basal part of the seedling, and uniformly spraying with 10mL of 25% amikacin mixed with 20kg of water after 1 week;

If onion gets purple spot, in the initial stage of disease, it can select 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid, 50% pamphlet 1 200 times liquid, 64% Alumen-killing wettable powder 600 times liquid, 58% metalaxyl wettable powder 600 times liquid, and herba Alii Fistulosi and Bulbus Allii germ, etc. to spray for 1 time according to 5-7d disease conditions, and continuously prevent and treat 2-3 times.

Further, the investigation includes:

After 50d of interplanting of onions, 10 plants are selected according to a random sampling investigation method to begin to measure the morphological indexes of the onions, and the measurement is carried out once per month for 4 times;

After harvesting and airing for one week, cutting off the dead leaves of the fibrous roots, and measuring the transverse diameter, the longitudinal diameter, the single-head quality and the total yield of the bulbs, wherein the onion morphology indexes comprise green plant height, maximum green leaf length, false stem thickness and green leaf number, the green plant height is the distance from the soil surface to the maximum leaf tip, and the false stem thickness is the maximum diameter of the stem neck on the false stems.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a line graph of dynamic variation of plant height of green plants according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a line graph of maximum green leaf length dynamic change provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dynamic variation line of the thickness of a prosthetic stem according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a dynamic change of the number of green leaves according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the present invention will provide further understanding of the objects, features and advantages of the present invention by way of example. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Example 1

In a first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates, comprises the following steps S01 to S04:

s01, selecting three full onion varieties, soaking the onion varieties in a soaking solution according to a first preset time, soaking the onion varieties which are soaked in the soaking solution in clear water at 40-60 ℃ according to a second preset time, wrapping the onion varieties with wet cloth, and accelerating germination under an environmental condition at 25 ℃;

In this example, three full onion varieties are Fang Zhengong skin onion, sweet spicy red Pi Yangcong and Zheng onion No. 1, respectively; the soaking solution is 100 times solution special for 4% of agricultural resistance 120 melon vegetable tobacco or 500 times solution of 72.2% of propamocarb hydrochloride water agent, the first preset time is 30min, and the second preset time is 20min.

S02, constructing at least three planting areas, respectively sowing three onion varieties in the at least three planting areas, and covering the three onion varieties with fine sandy soil with the thickness of 2cm after sowing, wherein the planting density range of the onion varieties is 30-50g/m ², the proportion range of all the planting areas to the constructed production field is 1:7-1:9, and the planting areas are loose, fertile and strong-water-holding soil;

Specifically, the step of constructing at least three planting areas and sowing three onion varieties in at least three planting areas respectively comprises the following steps: selecting loose, fertile and strong-water-holding soil, applying plantar fertilizer, finely ploughing and fine raking, uniformly mixing the soil fertilizer, and forming a flat furrow, wherein 12 planting areas are formed on the flat furrow; three onion varieties were randomly sown in 12 of the planting areas in late September, while each onion variety occupied 4 planting areas.

In this example, the onion variety was planted at a density ranging from 40g/m ², and the ratio of all of the planted areas to the field of production it was constructed was 1:8.

S03, applying a base fertilizer after cotton stalk pulling, namely, digging a small ditch on a cotton field plate, and planting when 3-4 leaves grow on seedlings of the onion variety, wherein the base fertilizer comprises an organic fertilizer and a potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and the ratio of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu of land is 50:1-40:3, a step of;

The planting method comprises the steps of ploughing 17-22cm deep to mix the base fertilizer and soil uniformly, raking, crushing soil blocks into small blocks with diameter smaller than 2cm, and constructing flat furrow with furrow width of 1.5m, furrow height of 0.3m and furrow length of 20m; and (3) selecting seedlings of the onion variety to be planted when 3-4 leaves grow, and selecting seedlings with consistent sizes for planting during planting.

In the embodiment, the ploughing depth is 20cm, and the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu of land is 40:3, specifically, 400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizers.

S04, row water and fertilizer management, intertillage weeding, chemical control and investigation, and recording the sowing period, seedling emergence period, transplanting period, harvesting period and calculated growth period of each onion variety.

Specifically, the water and fertilizer management comprises:

In the embodiment, after the onion is planted in a fixed way, 1 time of seedling water is poured for 5 days, the growth of seedlings is promoted, and after 16 leaves grow on the seedlings, 1 time of horse race water is poured for 8 days; after field planting, dressing high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 5 kg/mu; after field planting, applying 5 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer to the plants for 20 d; and when 7-8 leaves grow on the plants and the bulb diameter reaches 3cm, 60 kg/mu of organic fertilizer or 3 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied.

Specifically, after the step of covering seeds with fine sand with a thickness of 2cm after sowing, the method further comprises the following steps:

The field can be hung with the insect sticking plate and the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp is arranged to trap and kill the insect, protect natural enemies and create environmental conditions favorable for survival of the natural enemies; and (3) watering reasonably, reducing field humidity, and avoiding damage to onion bulbs by field operation machinery as much as possible.

Specifically, the chemical control includes:

Specifically, the investigation includes:

In this example, after 50d of interplanting onion, 10 plants were selected according to random sampling investigation method to begin to measure onion morphological indexes (green plant height, maximum green leaf length, false stem thickness, green leaf number), once per month, and total measurement for 4 times. After harvesting and airing for one week, cutting off the dead leaves of the fibrous roots, and measuring the transverse diameter, the longitudinal diameter, the single-head quality and the total yield of the bulbs. The plant height of the green body is the distance from the soil surface to the tip of the maximum blade; the thickness of the pseudostem is the maximum diameter of the stem neck on the pseudostem (the diameter at 1.5cm from the bulb, measured by vernier caliper); the transverse diameter of the bulb is the average value of the diameters of the largest part and the smallest part of the onion, and the longitudinal diameter of the bulb is the height from the basal part of the onion to the top of the onion, which are measured by vernier calipers; when the single-head quality of the bulb is measured, 10 onions are selected for each variety, fibrous roots are cut off, and the total bulb quality is weighed to obtain an average value.

To understand the three filled onion varieties that are better suited for cotton field sheeting, the following recordings were made:

Onion growth period

TABLE 1 onion growth period

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the time from sowing to harvesting is consistent for the three varieties of onions, and the growth period is approximately the same.

2.2 Agronomic traits of onion

Wherein Y1 represents Fang Zhengong Pi Yangcong, Y1 represents Fang Zhengong-skin onion, and 1 represents Y1 represents Fang Zhengong-skin onion; as can be seen in FIG. 2, three varieties of onions all show a slow overall change in green plant height between 50 and 110 days, a rapid growth between 110 and 140 days, a plant height of Y2 > Y3 > Y1 before 80 days, wherein the Y2 plant height at 80 days is 26.94cm, a plant height of Y2 > Y1 > Y3 between 80 and 140 days, and a plant height of Y2 up to 77.07cm at 140 days.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the three varieties of onions have a slow overall change in maximum green leaf length between 50 and 110d, a large change between 110 and 140d, and exhibit Y2 > Y3 > Y1 before 110d, but after 110d, the Y1 change rate is greater than Y3, and the maximum green leaf length at 140d exhibits Y2 > Y1 > Y3, and the Y2 maximum green leaf length is 63.55cm.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the three varieties of onions showed a large overall variation in pseudostem thickness between 50 and 110d and a small variation between 110 and 140d, and exhibited Y2 > Y3 > Y1 before 110d, but after 110d, the Y1 pseudostem thickness variation rate was greater than Y3, and at 140d the pseudostem thickness was exhibited Y2 > Y1 > Y3, and the Y2 pseudostem thickness was 12.19mm.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, three varieties of onions exhibited 3-4 true leaves at 50 days, 3-5 true leaves at 80 days, 4-6 true leaves at 110 days, 9-12 true leaves at 140 days, the maximum number of Y2 leaves between 50-80 days, and the number of leaves Y2 > Y1 > Y3 at 110-140 days.

2.3 Bulb Properties of onion

TABLE 2 bulb Properties and yield manifestations of onion varieties

As can be seen from Table 2, different onion varieties have different bulb characteristics and there is also a significant difference in final yield. The expression is transverse diameter: sweet and spicy red onion > Zhengshallot No.1 > Fang Zhengong onion, and obvious difference exists between the three; longitudinal diameter: zhengshallot No.1 is more than Fang Zhengong skin onion is more than sweet and spicy red skin onion, and obvious differences exist among the three; single fruit weight: the sweet and spicy red onions are more than Zhengfeng onion No.1 and more than Fang Zhengong, and the sweet and spicy red onions, zheng Cong No.1 and Fang Zhengong are obviously different; yield of 20m ²: the sweet and spicy red onions are larger than Zhengfeng onion No.1 and larger than Fang Zhengong, and the sweet and spicy red onions, zheng Cong No.1 and Fang Zhengong are obviously different.

The transverse diameter, the single fruit weight and the yield of the sweet and spicy red skin onion are higher than those of the other two varieties, so that the sweet and spicy red skin onion is more suitable for interplanting with cotton.

Example 2

In this example, three full onion varieties are Fang Zhengong skin onion, sweet spicy red Pi Yangcong and Zheng onion No.1, respectively; the soaking solution is 100 times solution special for 3% agricultural resistance 120 melon vegetable tobacco or 500 times solution of 70% propamocarb hydrochloride water, the first preset time is 20min, and the second preset time is 10min.

In this example, the onion variety was planted at a density ranging from 30g/m ², and the ratio of all of the planted areas to the field of production it was constructed was 1:7.

In the embodiment, the ploughing depth is 20cm, and the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu of land is 50:1, specifically, 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizers.

Specifically, the water and fertilizer management comprises:

In the embodiment, after the onion is planted in a fixed way, 1 time of seedling water is poured for 4 days, the growth of seedlings is promoted, and after 12 leaves grow on the seedlings, 1 time of horse race water is poured for 6 days; after field planting, after 15d, dressing 4 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; after field planting, 10d plants are dressed with 4 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; and when 7-8 leaves grow on the plants and the bulb diameter reaches 3cm, 60 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 3 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are applied.

Example 3

in this example, three full onion varieties are Fang Zhengong skin onion, sweet spicy red Pi Yangcong and Zheng onion No.1, respectively; the soaking solution is 100 times of special-purpose liquid for 5% of agricultural anti-120 melon vegetable tobacco or 500 times of special-purpose liquid for 72% of propamocarb hydrochloride water, the first preset time is 40min, and the second preset time is 30min.

In this example, the onion variety was planted at a density ranging from 50g/m ², and the ratio of all of the planted areas to the field of production it was constructed was 1:9.

In the embodiment, the ploughing depth is 20cm, and the proportion of the organic fertilizer to the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu of land is 40:2, specifically, 400 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizers.

Specifically, the water and fertilizer management comprises:

In the embodiment, after the onion is planted in a fixed way, 1 time of seedling water is poured for 7d, the growth of seedlings is promoted, and after 16 leaves grow on the seedlings, 1 time of horse race water is poured for 9 d; after 20d of field planting, dressing 6 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer; after field planting, the plants are dressed with 6 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium water-soluble fertilizer; and when 7-8 leaves grow on the plants and the bulb diameter reaches 3cm, applying 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer or 2 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example is basically identical to example 1, except that:

and when 7-8 leaves grow on the plants and the bulb diameter reaches 3cm, applying 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer and 2 kg/mu of compound fertilizer.

Comparative example 2

This comparative example is basically identical to example 1, except that:

the soaking solution is 3.7% of 100 times solution special for the agricultural resistance 120 melon vegetable tobacco or 71.8% of 500 times solution of propamocarb hydrochloride water.

In order to better illustrate the present invention, a test was performed in a certain test field in Jiujiang city of Jiangxi province, and the methods of the above examples and comparative examples were performed for each mu of land in the last 9 months, respectively, and the yields of individual onions were compared as blank examples, and the results are shown in Table 1.

The fertilizer and pesticide used in the blank example were the same as those used in example 1.

TABLE 1

Referring to table 1, comparing blank examples, examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that when the parameters of example 1 are adopted to interplant onions, the probability of occurrence of purple spot, damping-off and damping-off of onions can be obviously reduced compared with other examples and comparative examples, so that the yield of onions is improved, and the yield of onions after cotton interplanting is more similar to that before interplanting; it is noted that the above test values are all average values of multi-bead garlic.

In summary, cotton is adopted to interplant onion products, and the combination of base fertilizer application and onion variety soaking can keep the yield of onion products per mu of field without great reduction.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The cultivation method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for interplanting onions in cotton field plates according to claim 1, wherein the soaking solution is 3% -5% of 100-fold solution special for agricultural resistance 120 melon and vegetable tobacco or 70.0% -72.0% of 500-fold solution of propamocarb hydrochloride aqueous solution, the first preset time is 20-40min, and the second preset time is 10-30min.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of constructing at least three planting areas and sowing three varieties of onion in at least three planting areas comprises:

4. The method for cultivating an onion interplanted in a cotton field plate of claim 1, wherein said step of planting said onion variety until said onion variety has 3-4 leaves therein comprises:

5. The method for cultivating interplanted onions in cotton field boards of claim 1, wherein the water and fertilizer management comprises:

6. The method for cultivating onions by interplanting in cotton field plates according to claim 1, wherein after said step of covering seeds with fine sand with a thickness of 2cm after sowing, said method further comprises:

7. The method for cultivating cotton field board interplanted onions of claim 1, wherein the chemical control comprises:

8. The method for cultivating a cotton field plate intercropping onion as set forth in claim 1, wherein said investigation comprises: