CN117899174A - 一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN117899174A
CN117899174A CN202410029639.6A CN202410029639A CN117899174A CN 117899174 A CN117899174 A CN 117899174A CN 202410029639 A CN202410029639 A CN 202410029639A CN 117899174 A CN117899174 A CN 117899174A
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马全武
高婷
陈晶
何艳萍
赵玉娜
雷亚亚
王紫燕
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General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法,其组合物由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白茅根30g,小蓟30g,丹参10g,地黄10g,麦冬10g,醋鳖甲10g,金银花10g,黄芩10g,知母10g,藕节10g,石苇10g,炒白芍10g,川芎6g,紫草6g,红花5g,阿胶6g。利用上述组合物制作干混悬剂。适合儿童患者服用。为中药复方干混悬剂的研发提供参考依据,为儿童药物研究奠定坚实的基础。

Description

一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于中药制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
过敏性紫癜又称亨-舒综合征,是一种侵犯皮肤和其他器官细小动脉和毛细血管的过敏性血管炎。过敏性紫癜是风热毒邪,热毒之邪郁于肌肤,邪热伤血,络脉受损,血液外溢。风热之邪入于口鼻,相搏于气血,气滞血瘀,脉道受阻,血难循经,渗于脉外,积于皮下,溢于肌肤,则现紫癜。主要表现为紫癜、腹痛、关节痛和肾损害,多发于儿童。
目前,治疗儿童过敏性紫癜多采用中药煎剂,但中药煎剂口感苦、稳定性差、易滋生细菌、携带不便。大大降低了儿童用药的依从性和安全性。干混悬剂是将难溶性固体药物与适宜辅料制成粉末或颗粒,临用时加水振摇即可分散成混悬液供口服的固体制剂,服用方便,尤其适合儿童患者服用。目前,中药复方掩味的干混悬制剂相关文献报道较少,本发明拟制备小儿紫癜掩味干混悬剂,为临床治疗小儿过敏性紫癜提供口感适宜、便于服用、质量稳定、易于携带的中药复方新剂型,为中药复方干混悬剂的研发及儿童用药研究奠定坚实基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的为了克服上述现有的技术不足,提供一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物及其制备方法。
本发明提供了一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白茅根25-40g、小蓟25-40g、丹参5-15g、地黄5-15g、麦冬5-15g、醋鳖甲6-12g、金银花6-12g、黄芩6-12g、知母6-12g、藕节4-13g、石苇4-13g、炒白芍4-13g、川芎2-8g、紫草2-8g、红花1-6g、阿胶1-10g。
在上述技术方案中,进一步地,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白茅根30g,小蓟30g,丹参10g,地黄10g,麦冬10g,醋鳖甲10g,金银花10g,黄芩10g,知母10g,藕节10g,石苇10g,炒白芍10g,川芎6g,紫草6g,红花5g,阿胶6g。
本发明另一目的是提供一种利用上述组合物制备干混悬剂的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:制备煎液
按照要求称取白茅根、小蓟、丹参、地黄、麦冬、醋鳖甲、金银花、黄芩、知母、藕节、石苇、炒白芍、川芎、紫草、红花、阿胶,加适量超纯水浸泡30~150min,随后大火煮沸转小火加热60~180min;然后用纱布过滤、静置,取上清液;
步骤2:冷冻干燥
将步骤1的煎液通过超低温冰箱在-80℃下预先冻结成固体,通过PERICAM PSI型冷冻干燥机在低温减压条件下将水分直接升华除去制得干燥制品,将干燥制品通过药材粉碎机粉碎直至粉末全部通过80目筛,制得煎液粉末;
步骤3:将煎液粉末与助悬剂混合后,加入80%乙醇制软材,随后过18目筛制颗粒,放置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中在50度条件下干燥,得到干混悬剂。
在上述技术方案的步骤1中,加水量为2000~6000ml。
在上述技术方案中进一步地,步骤1中的浸泡时间为60~120min。
在上述技术方案中进一步地,步骤1中的提取时间为90~150min。
在上述技术方案的步骤3中,助悬剂包括微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶、HPMC,且煎液粉末与微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶、HPMC的质量比为15:9.358:3.078:6.854:4.016。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有的有益效果:
本发明中方中重用白茅根、小蓟为主药凉血止血,散瘀解毒;配丹参、地黄、麦冬活血祛瘀,凉血消痈;佐知母、醋鳖甲、黄芩、金银花滋阴润燥,清热解毒。藕节收敛止血,化瘀;石苇利尿通淋,凉血止血;炒白芍柔肝止痛;川芎祛风止痛,活血行气;紫草清热凉血,透疹消斑,活血解毒;红花散瘀止痛;阿胶补血滋阴,止血。本药方兼顾血止不留瘀,血行不伤正,寒凉滋润不碍脾可显著改善HSP症状,降低复发风险及肾脏损害。
本发明将药方按照上述方法成功制得质量稳定的复方小儿紫癜掩味干混悬剂,适合儿童患者服用。为中药复方干混悬剂的研发提供参考依据,为儿童药物研究奠定坚实的基础。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为干混悬剂制备工艺图。
图2为浸泡时间对提取率的影响结果图。
图3为提取时间对提取率的影响结果图。
图4为加水量对提取率的影响结果图。
图5为改为响应面法优化提取工艺的3D图和等高图(A-浸泡时间,B-加水量,C-提取时间,Y-提取率)。
图6为响应面法优化沉降体积比的3D图和等高图(A-微晶纤维素,B-微粉硅胶,C-黄原胶,D-HPMC,Y-沉降体积比)。
图7为响应面法优化沉降体积比的3D图和等高图(A-微晶纤维素,B-微粉硅胶,C-黄原胶,D-HPMC,Y-沉降体积比)。
图8为响应面法优化制剂工艺的3D图和等高图(A-微晶纤维素,B-微粉硅胶,C-黄原胶,D-HPMC,Y-沉降体积比和休止角的均一化处理值)。
图9为复方小儿紫癜掩味干混悬剂的HPLC图;A:绿原酸对照品;B:样品。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
1.实验仪器和材料
仪器
MS-220热熔喷雾制粒机(深圳市信宜特科技有限公司);PERICAMPSI型冷冻干燥机(美国LABCONCO);电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司);PSSNICOMP^TM380型亚微粒径分析仪(美国PSS公司);药材粉碎机(武义县屹立工具有限公司);BSA223S-CW型分析天平(德国赛多利斯股份公司);DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司);超低温冰箱;18、30、80目标准筛(浙江上虞市道墟五四仪器厂)。
材料
微晶纤维素PH-102(AsahiKaseiChemicalsCorporation,日本旭化成);黄原胶(源叶生物);HPMC(湖北展望药业股份有限公司)、微粉硅胶(德国Evonik DegussaGmbH)。
2、方法(如图1所示)
煎液制备
称取白茅根30g,小蓟30g,丹参10g,地黄10g,麦冬10g,醋鳖甲10g,金银花10g,黄芩10g,知母10g,藕节10g,石苇10g,炒白芍10g,川芎6g,紫草6g,红花5g,阿胶6g,置于容器中,设置浸泡时间、提取时间、加水量等不同条件,随后使用电磁炉大火煮沸转小火加热→纱布过滤→浓缩→干燥至恒重→称量浸膏质量并计算出膏率(%=浸膏质量/药材质量)。
冷冻干燥
将煎液通过超低温冰箱在负80度温度下预先冻结成固体,通过PERICAMPSI型冷冻干燥机在低温减压条件下将水分直接升华除去制得干燥制品,将干燥制品通过药材粉碎机粉碎直至粉末全部通过80目筛。
干混悬剂
将煎液粉末与助悬剂(微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶和HPMC)混合后,加入80%乙醇制软材,随后过18目筛制颗粒,放置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中在50度条件下干燥,得到干混悬剂。
3.工艺优化
3.1单因素实验
3.1.1浸泡时间
称量一定量药材,加入2000ml超纯水,分别浸泡30min,60min,90min,120min,150min,随后使用电磁炉大火煮沸转小火加热(60min)→纱布过滤→浓缩→干燥至恒重→称量浸膏质量并计算出膏率(%=浸膏质量/药材质量)。
3.1.2加水量
称量一定量药材,分别加入1000ml,2000ml,4000ml,6000ml,8000ml超纯水,浸泡60min后,随后使用电磁炉大火煮沸转小火加热(60min)→纱布过滤→浓缩→干燥至恒重→称量浸膏质量并计算出膏率(%=浸膏质量/药材质量)。
3.1.3提取时间
称量一定量药材,加入2000ml超纯水,浸泡60min后,随后使用电磁炉大火煮沸转小火加热(60min,90min,120min,150min,180min)→纱布过滤→浓缩→干燥至恒重→称量浸膏质量并计算出膏率(%=浸膏质量/药材质量)。
3.2基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化提取工艺
根据单因素试验结果,选取对浸膏提取率有显著影响的因素和水平进行响应面实验设计。
3.3结果
3.3.1单因素实验
浸泡时间对提取率的影响结果见图2.由图2可知:在选取的5个时间梯度中,随着时间的增加提取率先上升后下降,逐渐趋于稳定,在浸泡60min时提取率有最大值,所以将浸泡时间设置在60min,90min,120min。
提取时间对提取率的影响结果见图3.由图3可知:在选取的5个提取时间梯度中,随着时间的增加提取率先上升后稍下降,逐渐趋于稳定,在提取90min时提取率有最大值,所以将浸泡时间设置在90min,120min,150min。
加水量对提取率的影响结果见图4.由图4可知:在选取的5个加水量梯度中,随着水量的增加提取率先上升后稍下降,逐渐趋于稳定,当加入4000mL超纯水时提取率有最大值,所以将加水量设置在2000ml,4000ml,6000ml。
3.2响应面法优化提取工艺
利用Design-Expert软件对表2所得数据进行分析,以浸膏得率Y为响应值,分别对A、B、C进行二项式方程拟合,得到回归模型方程为Y=30.51-0.3457×A-0.2962×B+0.9501×C-0.0036×AB+0.1806×AC+0.3583×BC-7.33×A2-5.12×B2-5.40×C2。最终确定的优化工艺为浸泡时间73.507min,加水量3347.330ml,提取101.683min,预测的提取率为25.567%(图5)。实际试验中,提取率为23.397±2.43%。
表2响应面提取工艺结果
3.4质量评价
1.沉降体积比测定方法:按《中国药典》附录混悬剂的相关规定要求进行测定,将处方量干混悬剂放入50ml量瓶中,加水至刻度,充分振摇使其形成浑悬液后,移置50ml俱塞量筒内,密塞,用力振摇1分钟,记下混悬物的开始高度H0,静置3h,记下混悬物的最终高度H,按下式计算沉降体积比(结果以F表示):
沉降体积比(F)=H/H0
2.再分散性测定方法将制备的混悬液放入50ml具塞量筒内,静置48h后将具塞量筒以360°旋转,分别以好、一般、较差、差为指标评价其底部少量沉淀物的消失情况。
3.流动性的考察将漏斗垂直固定于圆形水平板上方约一定高度H(3.5cm)处,从漏斗上均匀加入适量干混悬剂直到形成的堆积圆锥底部半径达到圆形水平板的半径,以该圆锥的高度与圆锥半径比作为正切值,再利用反三角函数计算出休止角。
4.粒径的测定将0.5g干混悬剂溶于50ml水中制成混悬液,吸取少量混悬液于比色皿中约四分之三高度处,混悬液应分布均匀,再通过PSSNICOMP^TM380型亚微粒径分析仪测量粒径。
3.5以粒径、流动性、沉降体积比为指标采用响应面优化冻干粉、微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶和HPMC的比例
称定药材冻干粉15g,分别考察微晶纤维素(15g,12g,9g)、微粉硅胶(3g,6g,9g)、黄原胶(3g,6g,9g)、HPMC(1.5g、3g、4.5g)不同比例下干混悬剂的沉降体积比、再分散性、粒径等指标的变化。
3.6结果
3.6.1沉降体积比
结果如图6所示,根据响应面法得到的公式为:R1=0.8648-0.0706×A-0.0144×B-0.0711×C+0.02592×D。最终确定的优化工艺为9.76g微粉纤维素,7.544g微粉硅胶,4.71g黄原胶,3.85gHPMC,预测的沉降比为0.957。实际试验中,沉降体积比为0.9263±0.030。
3.6.2再分散性
通过实验观察,再分散性评价和沉降体积比的变化类似。同时再分散性存在主观评价,缺乏评价指数,因此在响应面优化中不考虑这一指标。
3.6.3流动性
结果如图7所示,根据响应面法得到的公式为:
Y=46.05-3.49×A+4.97×B+2.49×C+5.55×D+2.49×AB-1.04×AC-6.59×AD+5.43×BC+7.67×BD-4.56×CD-8.71×A2-12.12×B2-2.88×C2+2.58×D2。最终确定的优化工艺为14.793g微粉纤维素,3.263g微粉硅胶,5.016g黄原胶,4.393gHPMC,预测的休止角为15.911。实际试验中,休止角为22.231±2.510。
3.6.4粒径
采用过筛的方式进行粒径测定,辅料对粒径影响不大,因此不作为响应面检测指标。
3.6.5均一化处理
为了筛选最佳工艺,对沉降体积比和流动性进行均一化处理,随后进行响应面条件优化,优化结果如图8。得到公式:
Y=1.35-0.0253×A-0.1247×B-0.1168×C-0.0089×D+0.0025×AB-0.0368×AC+0.126×AD-0.1050×BC-0.1273×BD+0.0555×CD+0.1090×A2+0.2430×B2+0.0320×C2-0.0588×D2。预测的最优工艺是9.358g微粉纤维素,3.078g微粉硅胶,6.854g黄原胶,4.016gHPMC。实际试验中,沉降体积比是0.940±0.014,休止角为24.316±1.095。
4.口感评价
10名志愿者均评价为轻微苦味,说明该混悬剂的掩味效果良好。
5.绿原酸含量测定
样品处理方法:精密量取本品约30ml,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入甲醇50ml,称定重量,加热回流提取1.5小时,放冷,再称定重量,用甲醇补足减失的重量,摇匀,滤过,精密量取续滤液10ml,浓缩至近干,残渣用流动相溶解,转移至10ml量瓶中,并用流动相稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
色谱条件:AgilentZORBAXSB-Phenyl(250×4.6mm,5μm);流动相A:0.1%磷酸水溶液-流动相B:乙腈,梯度洗脱:0-5min:8%B,5-8min:8%-12%B,8-10min:12%-17%B,10-14min:17%B,14-20min:17%-20%B。检测波长:327nm,流速:1mL/min,柱温:30℃,进样量10μL。
结果如图9所示,绿原酸含量:18.72mg/ml。

Claims (7)

1.一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白茅根25-40g、小蓟25-40g、丹参5-15g、地黄5-15g、麦冬5-15g、醋鳖甲6-12g、金银花6-12g、黄芩6-12g、知母6-12g、藕节4-13g、石苇4-13g、炒白芍4-13g、川芎2-8g、紫草2-8g、红花1-6g、阿胶1-10g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗小儿过敏性紫癜的组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制备而成:白茅根30g,小蓟30g,丹参10g,地黄10g,麦冬10g,醋鳖甲10g,金银花10g,黄芩10g,知母10g,藕节10g,石苇10g,炒白芍10g,川芎6g,紫草6g,红花5g,阿胶6g。
3.利用权利要求1和/或2所述的组合物制备干混悬剂的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1:制备煎液
按照要求称取白茅根、小蓟、丹参、地黄、麦冬、醋鳖甲、金银花、黄芩、知母、藕节、石苇、炒白芍、川芎、紫草、红花、阿胶,加适量超纯水浸泡30~150min,随后大火煮沸转小火加热60~180min;然后用纱布过滤、静置,取上清液;
步骤2:冷冻干燥
将步骤1的煎液通过超低温冰箱在-80℃下预先冻结成固体,通过PERICAM PSI型冷冻干燥机在低温减压条件下将水分直接升华除去制得干燥制品,将干燥制品通过药材粉碎机粉碎直至粉末全部通过80目筛,制得煎液粉末;
步骤3:将煎液粉末与助悬剂混合后,加入80%乙醇制软材,随后过18目筛制颗粒,放置于电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中在50度条件下干燥,得到干混悬剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种干混悬剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,加水量为2000~6000ml。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种干混悬剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,浸泡时间为60~120min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种干混悬剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,提取时间为90~150min。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种干混悬剂制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,助悬剂包括微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶、HPMC,煎液粉末与微晶纤维素、微粉硅胶、黄原胶、HPMC的质量比为15:9.358:3.078:6.854:4.016。
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