CN117886656B - Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117886656B CN117886656B CN202410116279.3A CN202410116279A CN117886656B CN 117886656 B CN117886656 B CN 117886656B CN 202410116279 A CN202410116279 A CN 202410116279A CN 117886656 B CN117886656 B CN 117886656B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 235000007862 Capsicum baccatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 240000001844 Capsicum baccatum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims description 8
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC(CS)C(O)=O PWKSKIMOESPYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000279 potassium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N L-Cysteine Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004201 L-cysteine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013878 L-cysteine Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 28
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 18
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 17
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002120 nanofilm Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000017663 capsaicin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002567 Capsicum annuum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000004160 Capsicum annuum Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001511 capsicum annuum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000208292 Solanaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001728 capsicum frutescens Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 mercapto, amino Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-70 parts of distiller's grains, 8-25 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts of modified graphene oxide modified distiller's grains biochar, 0.8-1.5 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of pesticide degrading bacterial agent. According to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the pod peppers, a part of waste vinasse in a winery is fermented by microorganisms to prepare the dried vinasse, the dried vinasse serving as an organic component of the compound fertilizer is further carbonized, modified and modified, and loaded with microbial agents, so that waste resources are fully utilized, energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The capsicum variety belongs to the Solanaceae family, perennial semi-woody plants are cultivated for one year, and the capsicum is characterized by small capsicum, high peppery degree and easy drying, and the planting area of the capsicum in China is gradually enlarged since the capsicum variety is introduced abroad, so that the capsicum variety has been developed into main economic crops in some areas. The pod pepper has high nutritive value and contains various chemical substances for maintaining normal physiological functions of human bodies and enhancing the resistance and vitality of human bodies. The pod pepper is rich in vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C.
With the continuous development of industry and agriculture, the frequent use of sewage irrigation, heavy metal-containing pesticides, inorganic fertilizers and the like, the heavy metals entering the environment are increased, and the environment is further worsened. The combined pollution of soil heavy metal and pesticide is a very common phenomenon. Because the yield and quality of the pod peppers are seriously affected by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, reduced soil fertilizer and water retention capacity and the like, and the pod peppers are vegetable crops with stronger heavy metal enrichment capacity, health risks can be brought to eating the pod peppers with heavy metals, so that the development of a fertilizer capable of slowly releasing the fertilizer and having strong water retention capacity and capable of absorbing the heavy metals is a current problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers, a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to provide a novel environment-friendly fertilizer with high fertilizer utilization rate, which can passivate various heavy metals Cd, pb and Cr, has a water-retaining effect, fully considers the nutrient requirement rule and the climate environment characteristics of pod peppers, and effectively improves the soil environment quality of tea gardens.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-70 parts of distiller's grains, 8-25 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts of modified graphene oxide modified distiller's grains biochar, 0.8-1.5 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of pesticide degrading bacterial agent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers, which comprises the following steps:
S10, mixing the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar with a pesticide degrading microbial inoculum according to a proportion, then adding distiller' S dried grain, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and bentonite according to a proportion, and crushing the mixture into large blocks to obtain a mixture;
S20, adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Optionally, the preparation method of the distiller's dried grain comprises the following steps:
S11, mixing fresh vinasse and turf, adding microbial bacteria liquid to prepare a pile, controlling the water content of the pile, carrying out pile fermentation, and controlling the temperature in the pile fermentation process to be 55-75 ℃ to obtain fermented vinasse;
And S12, fully airing the fermented distillers ' grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and fully crushing the distillers ' grains to the grain size of 1-2 mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers ' dried grains.
Optionally, in step S11, the mass ratio of the fresh distillers grains to turf is 600-900: 20-30 parts; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The microbial liquid is a mixture of a bacillus subtilis agent and water, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis agent to the water is 1: 40-90.
Optionally, in step S11, the pesticide degrading microbial inoculum is a mixed microbial inoculum of white rot fungi and bacillus, the effective viable count of the white rot fungi is 4×10 8～2×109 cfu/mL, and the effective viable count of the bacillus is 5×10 9～1×1010 cfu/mL.
Optionally, the preparation method of the modified graphene oxide modified distillers' grains biochar comprises the following steps:
S13, carrying out high-temperature carbonization treatment on the distiller' S dried grain in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide;
S14, adding NaOH solution into the carbide, stirring, and drying to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture;
S15, performing high-temperature activation treatment on the alkali carbon mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain the distillers' grains biochar;
S16, dispersing graphene oxide in N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding L-cysteine, acetic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6-10 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution;
And S17, adding the vinasse biochar into the modified graphene oxide solution, stirring, centrifuging, filtering, drying, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 400-600 ℃, and pyrolyzing to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar.
Optionally, in step S13, the high-temperature carbonization temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the high-temperature carbonization time is 3-6 hours; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
In the step S15, the high-temperature activation temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the high-temperature activation time is 2-5 h.
Optionally, in step S16, the mass ratio of graphene oxide, L-cysteine, acetic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 1-3: 5-10: 20-30: 2-3: 2 to 4; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
In the step S16, the addition amount of the vinasse charcoal is 2-4 g/100mL.
Optionally, in step S16, the preparation method of graphene oxide includes the following steps:
And S18, sequentially adding graphite powder, potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid into a reaction container, freezing, heating to 80-90 ℃ for reaction for 2-4 hours, cooling, adding deionized water, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water, and freeze-drying the product to obtain the graphene oxide.
The invention also provides an application of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the pod peppers or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the pod peppers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers, which is characterized in that part of waste vinasse from a winery is fermented by microorganisms to prepare dry vinasse, the dry vinasse is used as an organic component of the compound fertilizer, and part of dry vinasse is further carbonized, modified and modified, and loaded with microbial agents, so that waste resources are fully utilized, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
(2) According to the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar, firstly, dried vinasse is carbonized to prepare the biochar, then, modified graphene oxide is adopted to modify the dried vinasse, so that the active sites on the biochar are increased, the specific surface area of the material is increased, the hydrophilicity of common biochar is improved, the prepared biochar material has the adsorption performance of both the biochar and the modified graphene oxide, has the advantages of large adsorption capacity, high adsorption efficiency and the like, simultaneously, functional groups such as mercapto, amino and the like are introduced, the adsorption removal effect of heavy metals in the soil and other environments is further improved, the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar is particularly suitable for passivating heavy metal cadmium and the like in biogas residues or heavy metal polluted soil, and meanwhile, the dispersity of a compound fertilizer is improved by the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar, so that the compound fertilizer is prevented from caking.
(3) According to the invention, modified graphene oxide modified biochar is used as a carrier, and the pesticide degradation microbial inoculum mixed by fungi and bacteria is efficiently loaded, so that a good living environment is provided for the growth of the microbial inoculum, and meanwhile, the white rot fungi and bacillus mixed bacteria have strong pesticide degradation capability, heavy metal adsorption property and phosphate removing capability, can generate a synergistic effect with the modified biochar, and can efficiently degrade pesticides in soil while passivating heavy metals in the soil, thereby preventing and controlling the transfer of pollutants in the soil and reducing the absorption of crops on the pollutants.
(4) The invention fully considers the nutrient requirement rule and the climate environment characteristics of the pod peppers, ensures the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients required by the pod peppers, supplements sufficient organic carbon sources for the soil, and realizes the yield and quality improvement of the pod peppers and the carburetion improvement of the soil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be regarded as not exist and not within the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be presented in further detail with reference to the examples, which should be understood as being merely illustrative of the present invention and not limiting.
Example 1
The preparation method of the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: 60kg of fresh vinasse and 2.0kg of turf are taken and fully and uniformly mixed, then 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 4kg of mixed microbial liquid are added, the water content of a pile body is controlled to be 35%, the height of the pile body is controlled to be 1.2m, then a nano molecular film is completely covered on the pile body, and the edge of the nano molecular film is compacted by a blank pressing bag or other modes, so that the edge is kept airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing graphene oxide: sequentially adding 1kg of graphite powder, 4kg of potassium permanganate, 20L of concentrated sulfuric acid and 10L of phosphoric acid into a reaction kettle, freezing at 0 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling, adding 200L of deionized water, dropwise adding 3L of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring for 1 hour, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and freeze-drying the product to obtain graphene oxide.
(4) Preparing modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 400 ℃ for 6 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; performing high-temperature activation treatment on the alkali carbon mixture for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain distillers' grains biochar; dispersing 5kg of graphene oxide in 50kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding 25kg of L-cysteine, 100kg of acetic acid, 10kg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 10kg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution; adding 2kg of vinasse charcoal into 100L of modified graphene oxide solution, stirring for 1h, centrifuging for 30min, filtering, drying at 40 ℃ for 30min, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 400 ℃, and pyrolyzing for 1h to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal.
(5) Preparing a mixture: 15.00kg of modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal and 2L of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are mixed, 46.08kg of dried vinasse, 23.92kg of urea, 10.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 20.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of bentonite are added, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the large blocks.
(6) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Example 2
The preparation method of the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: taking 90kg of fresh vinasse and 3.0kg of turf, fully and uniformly mixing, adding 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 9kg of mixed microbial liquid, controlling the water content of a pile body to be 35%, controlling the height of the pile body to be 1.2m, fully covering a nano molecular film on the pile body, compacting the edge of the nano molecular film by using a blank pressing bag or other modes, and keeping the edge airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing graphene oxide: sequentially adding 1kg of graphite powder, 5kg of potassium permanganate, 15L of concentrated sulfuric acid and 15L of phosphoric acid into a reaction kettle, freezing at 0 ℃ for 3 hours, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling, adding 250L of deionized water, dropwise adding 4L of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and freeze-drying the product to obtain graphene oxide.
(4) Preparing modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 500 ℃ for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; performing high-temperature activation treatment at 800 ℃ on the alkali carbon mixture for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain distillers' grains biochar; dispersing 5kg of graphene oxide in 50kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding 25kg of L-cysteine, 100kg of acetic acid, 10kg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 10kg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution; adding 4kg of vinasse charcoal into 100L of modified graphene oxide solution, stirring for 2h, centrifuging for 30min, filtering, drying at 40 ℃ for 30min, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, and pyrolyzing for 1h to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal.
(5) Preparing a mixture: 20.00kg of modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal and 2L of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are mixed, 65.91kg of dried vinasse, 16.09kg of urea, 6.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 12.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.00kg of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are added, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the mixture into large blocks.
(6) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Example 3
The preparation method of the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: 60kg of fresh vinasse and 2.0kg of turf are taken and fully and uniformly mixed, then 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 4kg of mixed microbial liquid are added, the water content of a pile body is controlled to be 35%, the height of the pile body is controlled to be 1.2m, then a nano molecular film is completely covered on the pile body, and the edge of the nano molecular film is compacted by a blank pressing bag or other modes, so that the edge is kept airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing graphene oxide: sequentially adding 1kg of graphite powder, 4kg of potassium permanganate, 20L of concentrated sulfuric acid and 10L of phosphoric acid into a reaction kettle, freezing at 0 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 80 ℃ for reaction for 4 hours, cooling, adding 200L of deionized water, dropwise adding 3L of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring for 1 hour, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and freeze-drying the product to obtain graphene oxide.
(4) Preparing modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 400 ℃ for 6 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; performing high-temperature activation treatment on the alkali carbon mixture for 2 hours at 600 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain distillers' grains biochar; dispersing 5kg of graphene oxide in 50kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding 25kg of L-cysteine, 100kg of acetic acid, 10kg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 10kg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution; adding 2kg of vinasse charcoal into 100L of modified graphene oxide solution, stirring for 1h, centrifuging for 30min, filtering, drying at 40 ℃ for 30min, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 400 ℃, and pyrolyzing for 1h to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal.
(5) Preparing a mixture: 15.00kg of modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal and 2L of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are mixed, 46.08kg of dried vinasse, 23.92kg of urea, 10.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 20.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of bentonite are added, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the large blocks.
(6) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: taking 90kg of fresh vinasse and 3.0kg of turf, fully and uniformly mixing, adding 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 9kg of mixed microbial liquid, controlling the water content of a pile body to be 35%, controlling the height of the pile body to be 1.2m, fully covering a nano molecular film on the pile body, compacting the edge of the nano molecular film by using a blank pressing bag or other modes, and keeping the edge airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing graphene oxide: sequentially adding 1kg of graphite powder, 5kg of potassium permanganate, 15L of concentrated sulfuric acid and 15L of phosphoric acid into a reaction kettle, freezing at 0 ℃ for 3 hours, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling, adding 250L of deionized water, dropwise adding 4L of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and freeze-drying the product to obtain graphene oxide.
(4) Preparing graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 500 ℃ for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; performing high-temperature activation treatment at 800 ℃ on the alkali carbon mixture for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain distillers' grains biochar; adding 4kg of vinasse charcoal into 100L of graphene oxide solution, stirring for 2 hours, centrifuging for 30 minutes, filtering, drying at 40 ℃ for 30 minutes, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, and pyrolyzing for 1 hour to obtain the graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal.
(5) Preparing a mixture: 20.00kg of graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal and 2L of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are mixed, 65.91kg of dried vinasse, 16.09kg of urea, 6.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 12.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.00kg of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are added, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the mixture into large blocks.
(6) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: 60kg of fresh vinasse and 2.0kg of turf are taken and fully and uniformly mixed, then 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 4kg of mixed microbial liquid are added, the water content of a pile body is controlled to be 35%, the height of the pile body is controlled to be 1.2m, then a nano molecular film is completely covered on the pile body, and the edge of the nano molecular film is compacted by a blank pressing bag or other modes, so that the edge is kept airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 400 ℃ for 6 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; and (3) carrying out high-temperature activation treatment for 2 hours at 600 ℃ on the alkali carbon mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain the distillers' grains biochar.
(4) Preparing a mixture: 15.00kg of vinasse charcoal and 2L of pesticide degrading microbial inoculum are mixed, 46.08kg of dried vinasse, 23.92kg of urea, 10.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 20.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.5kg of bentonite are added, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the large blocks.
(5) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Comparative example 3
The preparation of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Fermenting fresh vinasse: taking 90kg of fresh vinasse and 3.0kg of turf, fully and uniformly mixing, adding 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis agent and 9kg of mixed microbial liquid, controlling the water content of a pile body to be 35%, controlling the height of the pile body to be 1.2m, fully covering a nano molecular film on the pile body, compacting the edge of the nano molecular film by using a blank pressing bag or other modes, and keeping the edge airtight; the temperature in the fermentation process of the pile body is controlled to be 55-75 ℃, when the temperature of the pile body exceeds 75 ℃, pile turning or forced ventilation is carried out, the duration time of each measured point temperature of the pile layer is kept above 60 ℃ for not less than 7 days, and the temperature of the pile layer is maintained for more than 3 days in the high temperature period of 65-70 ℃, and when the temperature of the compost reaches above 60 ℃ in the film-covered fermentation period, the pile is turned for 1 time in 7 days; when turning over the piles, the materials at the bottom layer should be turned over to the middle and upper parts of the pile body as much as possible so as to thoroughly decompose; the oxygen concentration in the pile body is kept at 10% in the pile body fermentation process, the oxygen consumption rate is tracked at any time, the ventilation quantity is adjusted timely, the air quantity in a standard state is 0.05 Nm/min.m, and the air pressure can be increased by 1.0KPa according to the increase of the pile layer materials by 1 m; and (5) fermenting the compost for 35 days according to the composting degree of the compost.
(2) Preparation of distillers dried grains: and fully airing the fermented distillers grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and then fully crushing the distillers grains to the grain size of 2mm by using a crusher to obtain the distillers dried grains.
(3) Preparing graphene oxide: sequentially adding 1kg of graphite powder, 5kg of potassium permanganate, 15L of concentrated sulfuric acid and 15L of phosphoric acid into a reaction kettle, freezing at 0 ℃ for 3 hours, heating to 90 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, cooling, adding 250L of deionized water, dropwise adding 4L of 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring for 2 hours, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water until the pH is 7.0, and freeze-drying the product to obtain graphene oxide.
(4) Preparing modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar: carbonizing the distiller's dried grain at 500 ℃ for 3 hours in nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide; then adding 0.2mol/L NaOH solution, stirring for 20min, and drying at 40 ℃ for 30min to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture; performing high-temperature activation treatment at 800 ℃ on the alkali carbon mixture for 2 hours under nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain distillers' grains biochar; dispersing 5kg of graphene oxide in 50kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding 25kg of L-cysteine, 100kg of acetic acid, 10kg of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 10kg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution; adding 4kg of vinasse charcoal into 100L of modified graphene oxide solution, stirring for 2h, centrifuging for 30min, filtering, drying at 40 ℃ for 30min, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃, and pyrolyzing for 1h to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse charcoal.
(5) Preparing a mixture: 20.00kg of modified graphene oxide modified distillers' grains biochar, 65.91kg of distillers dried grains, 16.09kg of urea, 6.00kg of monoammonium phosphate, 12.00kg of potassium sulfate and 1.00kg are mixed, and the mixture is obtained by crushing the large blocks.
(6) And (3) preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer: and adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer with the length of about 1 cm.
Test method and results
The fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were applied, the selected pod plots were equally divided into 6 pieces (each of about 1 mu), the fertilizers of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were spread over the plots at the end of 4 months in spring (150 kg per mu applied), the application of the fertilizer of example 1 was performed on the a plots, the application of the fertilizer of example 2 was performed on the C plots, the application of the fertilizer of example 3, the application of the fertilizer of comparative example 1 on the D plots, the application of the fertilizer of comparative example 2 on the E plots, the application of the fertilizer of comparative example 3 on the F plots, picking and weighing at the time of pod ripening, yield was calculated and the following index of soil after pod harvest was measured to evaluate the fertilizer. During the test, the contents of free amino acid, reducing sugar, VC, nitrate and capsaicin in the fresh fruits of the pod peppers are detected and analyzed, and meanwhile, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the pod peppers and the contents of pH, organic matters, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the soil after the test are detected and analyzed.
(1) By evaluating the quality of the pod pepper fruit (table 1): the free amino acid, VC and reducing sugar contents of the fruits of examples 1 to 3 were increased as compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, to maximize the free amino acid, VC and reducing sugar contents of the fruits of example 2; the nitrate content of examples 1 to 3 was significantly reduced compared to comparative examples 1, 2 and 3; the treatment of examples 1-3 significantly increased the capsaicin content compared to comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, with the capsaicin content of example 1 being highest. Overall, the quality of the pod pepper fruits can be obviously improved by applying the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the peppers.
TABLE 1 quality of Capsicum frutescens fruit
Note that: the different lower case letters of the same column in the table indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level of 5%.
(2) By evaluating the nutrient accumulation amount of the pod pepper (table 2): from the point of view of the nitrogen accumulation amount, the nitrogen accumulation amounts of the fruits of examples 1 to 3 were increased as compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, to the highest nitrogen accumulation amount of example 2, reaching 10.87 kg/mu; from the phosphorus accumulation amount, the phosphorus accumulation amounts of examples 1 to 3 were increased as compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, to the highest phosphorus accumulation amount of example 1, reaching 3.56 kg/mu; from the viewpoint of potassium accumulation, the potassium accumulation amounts of examples 1 to 3 were increased as compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, and the potassium accumulation amount of example 2 was the highest, reaching 14.05 kg/mu. Overall, the application of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for the capsicum can obviously improve the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients of the capsicum, which provides a material basis for improving the quality of the capsicum.
TABLE 2 nutrient accumulation of Capsicum annuum
Note that: the different lower case letters of the same column in the table indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level of 5%.
(3) By evaluating the yield of pod peppers (table 3): compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, the yields of the fresh and dry peppers of the pod peppers of examples 1-3 are obviously improved, so that the highest yield of example 2 is achieved, the yield of the fresh peppers reaches 1463.50 kg/mu, and the yield of the dry peppers reaches 285.29 kg/mu, which means that the yields of the fresh and dry peppers of the pod peppers can be obviously improved by applying the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers, and the yield and income of the pod peppers can be increased.
TABLE 3 yield of Capsici fructus
Note that: the different lower case letters of the same column in the table indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level of 5%.
(4) By evaluating soil fertility after harvest of pod peppers (table 4): compared with comparative examples 1, 2 and 3, the pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content of the soil after the pod pepper is harvested are obviously improved in the treatment of examples 1-3, which shows that the application of the pod pepper special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can obviously improve the soil fertility level, which is beneficial to maintaining the cultivated land.
TABLE 4 soil fertility status after Capsicum annuum harvesting
(5) The heavy metal content in the soil (6 small pieces in each cultivated land are measured and averaged) is measured by adopting a TCLP toxicity leaching method before using the compound fertilizer and five pieces of the pod pepper are picked, the total porosity of the soil before and after improvement is measured by adopting a ring cutter method, table 5 is obtained, the fertilizers of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 all play a role in improving the soil after being applied to the soil, the heavy metal content in the soil, the soil porosity and organic matters in the soil are all better, but the effects of examples 1-3 are better than those of comparative examples 1-3, and meanwhile, the quality of pod pepper is also improved.
TABLE 5 heavy metal content and Total porosity of soil
In conclusion, the capsicum organic-inorganic compound fertilizer provided by the invention can obviously improve the yield of the fresh capsicum and the dried capsicum, improve the quality and nutrient accumulation of the fruits of the capsicum, fully consider the nutrient requirement law and the climatic environment characteristics of the capsicum, supplement sufficient organic carbon sources and other nutrient elements for cultivated land soil while guaranteeing the nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by the capsicum, realize the yield increase and quality improvement of the capsicum, realize the effects of carburetion and nutrient expansion improvement of the cultivated land soil, and effectively degrade pesticides in the soil while passivating heavy metals in the soil, thereby preventing and controlling the transfer of pollutants in the soil and reducing the absorption of the crops to the pollutants.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the pod peppers is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 45-70 parts of distiller's grains, 8-25 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-20 parts of distiller's grains biochar modified by modified graphene oxide, 0.8-1.5 parts of bentonite and 2-5 parts of pesticide degrading bacterial agent;
The preparation method of the distiller's dried grain comprises the following steps:
S11, mixing fresh vinasse and turf, adding microbial bacteria liquid to prepare a pile, controlling the water content of the pile, carrying out pile fermentation, and controlling the temperature in the pile fermentation process to be 55-75 ℃ to obtain fermented vinasse;
S12, fully airing the fermented distillers ' grains, controlling the water content to be not higher than 5%, and fully crushing the distillers ' grains to the grain size of 1-2 mm by using a crusher to obtain distillers ' dried grains;
In the step S11, the mass ratio of the fresh vinasse to the turf is 600-900: 20-30 parts; and/or the number of the groups of groups,
The microbial liquid is a mixture of a bacillus subtilis agent and water, and the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis agent to the water is 1: 40-90;
The preparation method of the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar comprises the following steps:
S13, carrying out high-temperature carbonization treatment on the distiller' S dried grain in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbide;
S14, adding NaOH solution into the carbide, stirring, and drying to obtain an alkali-carbon mixture;
S15, performing high-temperature activation treatment on the alkali carbon mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then washing, filtering and drying to obtain the distillers' grains biochar;
S16, dispersing graphene oxide in N, N-dimethylformamide, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, sequentially adding L-cysteine, acetic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4-dimethylaminopyridine, stirring, and reacting for 6-10 hours to obtain a modified graphene oxide solution; the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the L-cysteine to the acetic acid to the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to the 4-dimethylaminopyridine is 1-3: 5-10: 20-30: 2-3: 2 to 4;
s17, adding the vinasse biochar into the modified graphene oxide solution, stirring, centrifuging, filtering, drying, then placing in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 400-600 ℃, and pyrolyzing to obtain the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar;
In the step S11, the pesticide degrading bacterial agent is a mixed bacterial agent of white rot fungi and bacillus, the effective viable count of the white rot fungi is 4 multiplied by 108 to 2 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, and the effective viable count of the bacillus is 5 multiplied by 109 to 1 multiplied by 1010cfu/mL;
in the step S13, the high-temperature carbonization temperature is 400-500 ℃, and the high-temperature carbonization time is 3-6 h;
in the step S15, the high-temperature activation temperature is 600-800 ℃, and the high-temperature activation time is 2-5 h;
in the step S17, the addition amount of the vinasse charcoal is 2-4 g/100mL.
2. The method for preparing the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S10, mixing the modified graphene oxide modified vinasse biochar with a pesticide degrading microbial inoculum according to a proportion, then adding distiller' S dried grain, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and bentonite according to a proportion, and crushing the mixture into large blocks to obtain a mixture;
S20, adding the mixture into a granulator, uniformly spraying the seaweed polysaccharide aqueous solution on the surface of the mixture by using a sprayer, stirring, sequentially passing through an extrusion die, and extruding and granulating to prepare the cylindrical organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
3. The method for preparing an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers according to claim 2, wherein in step S16, the method for preparing graphene oxide comprises the following steps:
And S18, sequentially adding graphite powder, potassium permanganate, concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid into a reaction container, freezing, heating to 80-90 ℃ for reaction for 2-4 hours, cooling, adding deionized water, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide while stirring, continuously stirring, centrifugally washing the solution obtained by the reaction with HCl and deionized water, and freeze-drying the product to obtain the graphene oxide.
4. Use of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers according to claim 1 or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for pod peppers according to any one of claims 2 to 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410116279.3A CN117886656B (en) | 2024-01-29 | 2024-01-29 | Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for pod peppers, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN106278568A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2017-01-04 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of dedicated mixed fertilizer for tea based on distiller grains and pig manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112863893A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Composite biochar-based material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN108424226A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-08-21 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of paper mulberry Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer |
| CN109232085A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-01-18 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | Yellow peach bio-organic fertilizer special and its preparation method and application |
| CN109503286A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-22 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of special peanut organic and inorganic complex fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106278568A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2017-01-04 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of dedicated mixed fertilizer for tea based on distiller grains and pig manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN112863893A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Composite biochar-based material, and preparation method and application thereof |
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