CN117886619A - 一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117886619A CN117886619A CN202410295489.3A CN202410295489A CN117886619A CN 117886619 A CN117886619 A CN 117886619A CN 202410295489 A CN202410295489 A CN 202410295489A CN 117886619 A CN117886619 A CN 117886619A
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- reinforcing agent
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
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- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 3
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- MTEZSDOQASFMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)[Si](OC)(OC)OC MTEZSDOQASFMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
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- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
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- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体及其制备方法,属于陶瓷坯体加工技术领域。针对当前干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体制备工艺中不同硬度的原料需要分开破碎、磨粉且泥料成分用量较大的技术问题,本发明采用有机高分子复合组分替换普通含泥坯体中的泥土组分,实现干料与有机高分子复合体系等原料一次造粒,无需过湿造粒后再将水分干燥。通过采用不同种类、不同分子量的高分子组合体系,较好地模拟黏土、泥土在坯体中发挥的性能,同时能够更加准确的控制坯体烧失量和收缩,最终实现压制成型的湿坯强度大于0.3Mpa,有效保证成型湿坯在走线过程中的强度。本发明的无泥框架配方可以应用于不同白度的坯体与无釉瓷砖的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷坯体加工技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,喷雾干燥湿法造粒工艺技术在陶瓷行业大规模应用,成为陶瓷粉料造粒的主要技术。喷雾干燥湿法制粉工艺技术是将各种原料按配方进入球磨机,加水35~40%球磨成泥浆,然后经喷雾干燥设备将泥浆干燥到5~7%的含水率,实现制粉造粒。该生产技术自动化程度高,制备的陶瓷粉料性能良好且能够确保成形坯体质量,但其造价昂贵、能耗较高,仅该工艺段的能耗就超过整个陶瓷砖生产工艺总能耗的40%。
随着全球能源危机的加剧以及逐渐形成环保、低碳和节能的一致共识,新型干法短流程制粉工艺技术成为行业的研究重点,其工艺为各种不同的软质原料和硬质原料经颚式破碎机或对辊式破碎机破碎并进行粗、中碎,再经悬辊式磨粉机或立式磨粉机细磨细碎,细粉料进入各自的料仓,然后进行细粉储备→配料、混合、均化→“过湿”造粒(10~12%的水分)→流化干燥(6~8%的水分)→筛分→合格粉料。
目前,随着水泥行业干法立式磨粉机的成功研制以及一体化数控设备的逐渐成熟,干法工艺技术装备已经达到较高水平,然而适应于干法短流程工艺的高强度陶瓷坯体原料及配方成为限制干法制粉工艺技术规模化使用的瓶颈。尤其是,干法制粉工艺中,不同硬度的原料需要分开破碎、磨粉,特别是泥料和石料要分开制粉(泥料成分的引入主要是为了提供坯体粘度、增加坯体成型的强度,但是泥料的引入会降低坯体的白度),但是随着我国黏土矿产资源的开采,优质黏土资源已经严重不足。
发明内容
基于目前干法制粉工艺技术的不足,本发明旨在提供一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体及其制备方法。
第一方面,本发明提供了一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将石料粉碎过筛得到的石粉转移至流化床并加入表面活性剂、润湿剂、无碱玻璃纤维、第一有机增强剂,通过流化床将各粉料混合均匀,得到混合粉料;
(2)将第二有机增强剂溶解在水中并加入偶联剂,搅拌至固体或粉末完全溶解,得到润湿溶液;
(3)将所述润湿溶液雾化至流化床中并将所述混合粉料充分润湿,得到预制坯粉;
(4)将所述预制坯粉压制成型得到湿坯,经干燥得到干坯,经烧成得到所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体。
较佳地,所述石料为石英类原料、长石类原料、碳酸盐类原料、氧化物类原料、碳化物类原料、氮化物类原料、烧滑石、蛇纹石、硅灰石、透辉石或者磷灰石中的至少一种。
较佳地,所述表面活性剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠中的至少一种;
所述润湿剂为分子量1800-4400的聚乙二醇;
所述无碱玻璃纤维为300~2000目玻璃纤维粉。
较佳地,所述第一有机增强剂为聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、脲醛树脂或者吸水性树脂中的至少一种;所述第二有机增强剂为聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、脲醛树脂、吸水性树脂、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸乳液或者丙烯酸共聚乳液中的至少一种;
所述偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
较佳地,所述润湿溶液中第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为20-40%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为5-10%。
较佳地,所述润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为1-4:40-50。
较佳地,所述预制坯粉中,石料的质量百分含量为85-94%,表面活性剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,润湿剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,无碱玻璃纤维的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,第一有机增强剂的质量百分含量为1-4%,第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为0.5-4%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为0.1-0.8%。
较佳地,所述润湿溶液雾化采用高压喷头,喷头气压大于0.4Mpa,喷头口径为0.3~1.0mm,雾化液滴粒径小于等于500微米。
较佳地,所述预制坯粉压制成型的压力为15~25Mpa;所述干燥的温度为100~150℃,干燥的时间为1~2h;所述烧成的温度为1050~1250℃,烧成的时间为40~60min。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种根据上述制备方法得到的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体,所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的湿坯强度大于0.3Mpa。
有益效果
(1)本发明采用有机高分子复合组分替换普通含泥坯体中的泥土组分,采用纯无泥坯体配方,实现压制成型的湿坯强度大于0.3Mpa,有效保证成型湿坯在走线过程中的强度;
(2)本发明采用的无泥坯体制备工艺可以实现干料与有机高分子复合体系一次造粒,无需过湿造粒后再将水分干燥,工艺简洁,节约能源;同时,该无泥配方体系也适用于过湿造粒工艺;
(3)本发明的无泥框架配方可以实现不同白度的坯体制备,可以实现无釉瓷砖的制备;
(4)本发明采用不同种类、不同分子量的高分子组合体系,能够极大地模拟黏土、泥土在坯体中发挥的性能,同时能够更加准确的控制坯体烧失量和收缩;
(5)本发明采用的无泥配方在石料粉碎过程中可实现不同石料共同粉碎,无需分开粉碎。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。在没有特殊说明的情况下,各百分含量指质量百分含量。
以下,示例性说明本发明提供的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法。其中,所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法可以包括以下步骤:
(1)将石料粉碎过筛得到的石粉转移至流化床并加入表面活性剂、润湿剂、无碱玻璃纤维、第一有机增强剂,通过流化床将各粉料混合均匀,得到混合粉料;
(2)将第二有机增强剂溶解在水中并加入偶联剂,搅拌至固体或粉末完全溶解,得到润湿溶液;
(3)将所述润湿溶液雾化至流化床中并将所述混合粉料充分润湿,得到预制坯粉;
(4)将所述预制坯粉压制成型得到湿坯,经干燥得到干坯,经烧成得到所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体(熟坯)。
在一些实施方式中,所述石料可以为石英类原料、长石类原料、碳酸盐类原料、氧化物类原料、碳化物类原料、氮化物类原料、烧滑石、蛇纹石、硅灰石、透辉石或者磷灰石中的至少一种。
其中,所述石粉的粒径可以大于250目,优选为大于等于325目。石粉的粒度直接影响湿坯强度和有机增强剂的用量,石粉粒度太粗,会导致有机增强剂用量较大且湿坯强度较低。
通过加入表面活性剂可以起到激发无机粉料表面活性并增加其与有机高分子类原料结合力的作用。在一些实施方式中,所述表面活性剂可以为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠中的至少一种。本发明采用的表面活性剂为碱性物质,通过碱可以激发提升无机粉料和玻璃纤维的表面活性。
通过加入润湿剂可以起到润滑、分散和保湿的作用,能够使得预制坯粉中的水分分散均匀,无需陈腐。在一些实施方式中,所述润湿剂可以为分子量1800-4400的聚乙二醇。
所述无碱玻璃纤维为不含有碱性氧化物的玻璃纤维。通过加入无碱玻璃纤维可以起到无机增强剂的作用,增加湿坯的强度和韧性,同时可以作为坯体的骨架结构,增加湿坯稳定性。在一些实施方式中,所述无碱玻璃纤维可以为300~2000目玻璃纤维粉。目数太小,会导致玻璃纤维直径过大,降低湿坯强度;目数过大,会导致玻璃纤维失去纤维结构,增强效果大大减弱。
通过加入有机增强剂可以起到增加坯体强度的作用。在一些实施方式中,所述第一有机增强剂可以为聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、脲醛树脂或者吸水性树脂中的至少一种;所述第二有机增强剂可以为聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、脲醛树脂、吸水性树脂、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸乳液或者丙烯酸共聚乳液中的至少一种。第一有机增强剂为固体粉体形态,如此可以防止石粉出现大量团聚现象。
通过加入偶联剂可以在石料粉体、玻璃纤维与有机增强剂之间起到桥联作用,有助于增加石料粉体、玻璃纤维与有机增强剂之间的结合力。在一些实施方式中,所述偶联剂可以为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
本发明中,通过加入第一有机增强剂粉体,可以与石粉充分混合均匀;通过喷洒雾化第二有机增强剂溶液能够直接对石粉产生包裹,而且通过水分渗透能够使得第一有机增强剂粉体的表面发生溶解,与石粉结合在一起,最终可以使得有机增强剂与石粉产生多维度结合,达到提高增强效果。进一步来说,有机增强剂需要打开分子链才能对石粉形成包裹作用,因此本发明中的第二有机增强剂采用水溶液的形式加入,水分子能够促进有机增强剂分子链的打开。而且,本发明采用雾化的方式进行混合粉体的润湿可以避免粉料团聚无法分散或者水分分布不均会导致湿坯出现分层的现象。
本发明中,采用的偶联剂为液态形式,与第二有机增强剂水溶液混合作为混合粉料的润湿溶液是较为适宜的添加方式与时机。润湿剂为固态物质,需要先与石粉混合,如此当喷洒液体时才能发挥吸水润湿的作用,使得水分在粉料中快速分散均匀。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述润湿溶液中,第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为20-40%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为5-10%。如此,可以保证第二有机增强剂对石料的充分包裹,偶联剂在石料粉体、玻璃纤维与有机增强剂之间充分发挥桥联作用以及预制坯粉的含水率。第二有机增强剂的含量过高会导致润湿溶液粘度过高,无法雾化;含量过低则会导致增强效果不佳,湿坯强度降低;偶联剂的含量过高会导致偶联剂富余而发生自交联,含量过低则会导致桥联不完全,石料与有机物结合力不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为1-4:40-50。如此,可以保证第二有机增强剂、偶联剂充分发挥自身作用以及保证预制坯粉的含水率。润湿溶液用量过高会导致粉料含水率过高,湿坯强度下降;用量过低会导致粉料含水率过低、有机增强剂含量过低,湿坯强度不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,石料的质量百分含量为85-94%。如此,可以保证坯体的烧成收缩处于可控制范围。含量过高,会导致有机增强剂组分相对较低,无法对石粉进行包裹联结增强,湿坯强度不足;含量过低,则会导致坯体烧成收缩过大。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,表面活性剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%。如此,可以保证无机材料表面的充分活化。含量过高,会导致无机材料表面发生腐蚀或反应,破坏材料结构;含量过低,会导致无机材料表面活化程度不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,润湿剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%。如此,可以保证无机粉体的润滑性和水分的分散均匀性。含量过高,会导致润湿剂发生自交联,影响粉体的均匀性;含量过低,会导致润湿效果不佳。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,无碱玻璃纤维的质量百分含量为0.5-2%。如此,可以保证湿坯的强度和韧性,同时可以作为坯体的骨架结构,增加湿坯稳定性。含量过高,会导致粉料中骨料含量过多,湿坯强度不足;含量过低,会导致对湿坯的增强效果不佳。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,第一有机增强剂的质量百分含量为1-4%。如此,可以保证对无机粉体的充分内联结作用。含量过高,会导致坯体烧成收缩增大及外包裹作用不足;含量过低,会导致联结力不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为0.5-4%。如此,可以保证对无机粉料的充分包裹。含量过高,会导致内联结作用不足及润湿溶液浓度过高而无法雾化;含量过低,会导致包裹作用不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉中,偶联剂的质量百分含量为0.1-0.8%。如此,可以保证偶联剂在石料粉体、玻璃纤维与有机增强剂之间充分发挥桥联作用。含量过高,会导致偶联剂富余而发生自交联现象;含量过低,会导致石料粉体、玻璃纤维与有机增强剂之间的结合力不足。
在一些实施方式中,可以控制所述预制坯粉的含水率为1.8~8%,优选为3~5%。如此,可以保证湿坯成型的强度。含量过高,会导致湿坯成型强度不足及干坯收缩较大;含量过低,会导致湿坯无法成型。
本发明提供的无泥配方中的增强剂为有机增强剂,与无机增强剂的增强原理完全不同。无机增强剂的坯体增强能力有限,而且湿坯容易在走线过程中出现开裂,导致成品率下降。本发明提供的配方制备的湿坯强度可以达到0.3Mpa,可以保证满足陶瓷生产过程中的走线强度要求。
在一些实施方式中,所述润湿溶液雾化可以采用高压喷头,喷头气压可以大于0.4Mpa,喷头口径可以为0.3~1.0mm,雾化液滴粒径可以小于等于500微米。
在一些实施方式中,所述预制坯粉压制成型的压力可以为15~25Mpa;所述干燥的温度可以为100~150℃,干燥的时间可以为1~2h;所述烧成的温度可以为1050~1250℃,烧成的时间可以为40~60min。
本发明通过对坯体配方的开发和工艺流程的设计,提供一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法。在坯体的增强原理方面,不同于常规的无机纳米增强剂,无机增强剂的增强原理主要在于钙镁化合物水硬胶凝作用以及纳米颗粒的毛细管结合力。本发明使用的主体增强剂是有机增强剂加上玻璃纤维的骨架作用,也即增强原理是有机高分子的内联结与外包裹作用以及玻纤的骨架增强作用。
本发明通过去掉陶瓷坯体中泥料组分,引入高分子复合组分替换泥料组分,提供一种能适用于干法制粉的无泥坯体框架配方。通过本发明提供的制备方法得到的陶瓷坯体的湿坯强度大于0.3Mpa。与此同时,通过对无泥坯体配方和干法制粉工艺的设计,还可以实现对特定性能要求坯体成型,如无泥超白坯体、无泥高铝坯体、无泥高钙坯体等。
下面进一步列举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适的范围内选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
如无特别说明,本发明使用M308709/DPK-1000坯料数显电动抗折仪对成型湿坯、成型干坯和熟坯进行强度测试,采用科仕佳光泽度仪计WGG60-E4测试熟坯表面光泽度,使用白度测试仪DRK103测试样品白度,采用称量排水法测试坯体密度,使用游标卡尺测试成型湿坯、成型干坯和熟坯的尺寸变化。
实施例1
本实施例提供的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使用破碎机对石料(煅烧氧化铝、冬华水磨砂、元钠砂、钾长石、钙长石、烧滑石、硅灰石;其中,所述冬华水磨砂为长石类类原料,化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 77.82%,Al2O3 13.51%,Na2O 4.62%,K2O 3.8%,CaO 0.21%,Fe2O3 0.04%;所述元钠砂为长石类类原料,化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 74.47%,Al2O3 16.32%,Na2O 7.87%,K2O0.68%,CaO 0.45%,Fe2O3 0.21%)进行粉碎并过筛,然后将筛分后的石粉转移至流化床中,然后加入表面活性剂(氢氧化钠)、润湿剂(分子量1800的聚乙二醇)、2000目无碱玻璃纤维粉、第一有机增强剂(冷水溶0388型聚乙烯醇<来源:上海臣启化工科技有限公司>、分子量20000的聚氧化乙烯),开启流化床将各种粉料混合均匀,得到混合粉料;
(2)将第二有机增强剂(聚乙烯醇1799<来源:上海臣启化工科技有限公司>、羧甲基纤维素)溶解在水中,然后加入偶联剂(γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷),搅拌至固体或粉末完全溶解,得到润湿溶液(第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为20%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为5%);
(3)在流化床中,开启流化,使步骤(1)所述混合粉料处于流动翻滚状态,然后将步骤(2)所述的润湿溶液雾化至流化床中与混合粉料均匀浸润,雾化完毕后,继续流化5~10min,充分浸润,得到预制坯粉;
润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为1:40;
所述预制坯粉中,石料煅烧氧化铝、冬华水磨砂、元钠砂、钾长石、钙长石、烧滑石、硅灰石质量百分含量分别为30%、16%、22%、5%、5%、5%、8%;表面活性剂氢氧化钠的质量百分含量为2%;润湿剂(分子量1800的聚乙二醇)的质量百分含量为2%;2000目无碱玻璃纤维粉的质量百分含量为0.5%;第一有机增强剂冷水溶0388型聚乙烯醇、分子量20000的聚氧化乙烯的质量百分含量分别为1.8%、0.2%;第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别为0.3%、0.2%;偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量百分含量为0.125%;含水率为1.875%;
(4)使用步骤(3)所得的预制坯粉进行坯体压制成型(压力20Mpa),得到成型湿坯1若干,然后对湿坯进行干燥处理后,得到成型干坯1若干,最后进入窑炉烧制(1160℃,40min),得到熟坯1若干。
实施例2
本实施例提供的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:采用润湿剂(分子量4000的聚乙二醇),300目无碱玻璃纤维粉;
(2)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:润湿溶液中第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为40%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为8%;
(3)参照实施例1;
润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为4:40;
所述预制坯粉中,石料煅烧氧化铝、冬华水磨砂、元钠砂、钾长石、钙长石、烧滑石、硅灰石质量百分含量分别为26%、15%、22%、5%、5%、5%、8%;表面活性剂氢氧化钠的质量百分含量为0.5%;润湿剂(分子量4000的聚乙二醇)的质量百分含量为0.5%;300目无碱玻璃纤维粉的质量百分含量为2%;第一有机增强剂冷水溶0388型聚乙烯醇、分子量20000的聚氧化乙烯的质量百分含量分别为0.5%、0.5%;第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别为3%、1%;偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量百分含量为0.8%;含水率为5.2%;
(4)使用步骤(3)所得的预制坯粉进行坯体压制成型(压力20Mpa),得到成型湿坯2若干,然后对湿坯进行干燥处理后,得到成型干坯2若干,最后进入窑炉烧制(1160℃,60min),得到熟坯2若干。
实施例3
本实施例提供的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:采用润湿剂(分子量3000的聚乙二醇)、1000目无碱玻璃纤维粉、第一有机增强剂(吸水性树脂、脲醛树脂);
(2)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为30%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为10%;
(3)参照实施例1;
润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为2:40;
所述预制坯粉中,石料煅烧氧化铝、冬华水磨砂、元钠砂、钾长石、钙长石、烧滑石、硅灰石质量百分含量分别为30%、15.5%、22%、5%、5%、5%、8%;表面活性剂氢氧化钠的质量百分含量为1%;润湿剂(分子量3000的聚乙二醇)的质量百分含量为1%;1000目无碱玻璃纤维粉的质量百分含量为1%;第一有机增强剂吸水树脂、脲醛树脂的质量百分含量分别为1%、0.5%;第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别为1%、0.5%;偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量百分含量为0.5%;含水率为3%;
(4)使用步骤(3)所得的预制坯粉进行坯体压制成型(压力20Mpa),得到成型湿坯3若干,然后对湿坯进行干燥处理后,得到成型干坯3若干,最后进入窑炉烧制(1160℃,50min),得到熟坯3若干。
实施例4
本实施例提供的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:采用石料(煅烧氧化铝、800℃玻璃熔块、元钠砂、烧滑石)、润湿剂(分子量2400的聚乙二醇)、1500目无碱玻璃纤维粉;
(2)参照实施例1,主要区别在于:润湿溶液中第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为20%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为10%;
(3)参照实施例1;
润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为3:50;
所述预制坯粉中,石料煅烧氧化铝、800℃玻璃熔块、元钠砂、烧滑石质量百分含量分别为44%、14%、26%、5%;表面活性剂氢氧化钠的质量百分含量为0.5%;润湿剂分子量2400的聚乙二醇的质量百分含量为0.5%;1500目无碱玻璃纤维粉的质量百分含量为0.5%;第一有机增强剂冷水溶0388型聚乙烯醇、分子量20000的聚氧化乙烯的质量百分含量分别为2%、2%;第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别为1%、0.2%;偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量百分含量为0.6%;含水率为3.7%;
(4)使用步骤(3)所得的预制坯粉进行坯体压制成型(压力20Mpa),得到成型湿坯4若干,然后对湿坯进行干燥处理后,得到成型干坯4若干,最后进入窑炉烧制(1160℃,45min),得到熟坯4若干。
对比例1
本对比例提供的陶瓷坯体配方及制备方法参照实施例3,主要区别在于:预制坯粉中,冬华水磨砂的质量百分含量调整为17.45%,第一有机增强剂吸水树脂、脲醛树脂的质量百分含量分别调整为0.5%、0.25%,第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别调整为0.2%、0.1%;最终分别制备得到湿坯5、干坯5和熟坯5若干。
本对比例中由于有机增强剂组分含量不足,导致湿坯强度不足,而且制备的熟坯出现边裂现象。
对比例2
本对比例提供的陶瓷坯体配方及制备方法如下:将石料30%煅烧氧化铝、15.5%冬华水磨砂(同实施例3)、22%元钠砂(同实施例3)、5%钾长石、5%钙长石、5%烧滑石、8%硅灰石混合,然后加入6.5%无机增强剂(50nm氢氧化镁粉体),最后喷洒3%水,搅拌混合均匀,接着过30目筛造粒,得到预制坯粉;然后,将所述预制坯粉进行压制成型(压力20Mpa),得到成型湿坯6若干,然后对湿坯进行干燥处理后,得到成型干坯6若干,最后进入窑炉烧制(1160℃,40min),得到熟坯6若干。
本对比例中使用无机纳米增强剂,由于无机增强剂的增强效果有限,导致湿坯强度不足,制备的熟坯出现边裂和缺角现象。
对比例3
本对比例提供的陶瓷坯体配方及制备方法参照实施例3,主要区别在于:预制坯粉中,不含第一有机增强剂,第二有机增强剂聚乙烯醇1799、羧甲基纤维素的质量百分含量分别调整为1.5%、1.5%;最终分别制备得到湿坯7、干坯7和熟坯7若干。
本对比例中未加入第一有机增强剂,只加入第二有机增强剂,结果湿坯的强度没有达到0.3Mpa,湿坯强度不足,湿坯在走线过程中可能会发生暗裂。
实施例1-4以及对比例1-3中制得的湿坯、干坯、熟坯的性能测试结果如下表1所示:
上述性能测试数据表明实施例1~4的无泥配方湿坯强度均大于0.3Mpa,其强度满足生产走线要求,干坯强度大于4.5Mpa。氧化铝含量的增加在一定程度上可以增加熟坯的强度,促进制备高强陶瓷。另外,实施例1~4的无泥配方熟坯的白度均大于70度,可以用于制备超白陶瓷。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将石料粉碎过筛得到的石粉转移至流化床并加入表面活性剂、润湿剂、无碱玻璃纤维、第一有机增强剂,通过流化床将各粉料混合均匀,得到混合粉料;
(2)将第二有机增强剂溶解在水中并加入偶联剂,搅拌至固体或粉末完全溶解,得到润湿溶液;
(3)将所述润湿溶液雾化至流化床中并将所述混合粉料充分润湿,得到预制坯粉;
(4)将所述预制坯粉压制成型得到湿坯,经干燥得到干坯,经烧成得到所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石料为石英类原料、长石类原料、碳酸盐类原料、氧化物类原料、碳化物类原料、氮化物类原料、烧滑石、蛇纹石、硅灰石、透辉石或者磷灰石中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠中的至少一种;
所述润湿剂为分子量1800-4400的聚乙二醇;
所述无碱玻璃纤维为300-2000目玻璃纤维粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一有机增强剂为聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、脲醛树脂或者吸水性树脂中的至少一种;所述第二有机增强剂为聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、脲醛树脂、吸水性树脂、羧甲基纤维素、丙烯酸乳液或者丙烯酸共聚乳液中的至少一种;
所述偶联剂为γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述润湿溶液中第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为20-40%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为5-10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述润湿溶液与所述混合粉料的质量比为1-4:40-50。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预制坯粉中,石料的质量百分含量为85-94%,表面活性剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,润湿剂的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,无碱玻璃纤维的质量百分含量为0.5-2%,第一有机增强剂的质量百分含量为1-4%,第二有机增强剂的质量百分含量为0.5-4%,偶联剂的质量百分含量为0.1-0.8%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述润湿溶液雾化采用高压喷头,喷头气压大于0.4Mpa,喷头口径为0.3~1.0mm,雾化液滴粒径小于等于500微米。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预制坯粉压制成型的压力为15~25Mpa;所述干燥的温度为100~150℃,干燥的时间为1~2h;所述烧成的温度为1050~1250℃,烧成的时间为40~60min。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体,其特征在于,所述高强度干法制粉无泥陶瓷坯体的湿坯强度大于0.3Mpa。
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