CN115141032A - 一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于无机材料技术领域,具体涉及一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂及其制备方法。所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,粘接剂1~15份,助熔剂1~10份,增强剂0.5~8份,减水剂0~0.5份。制备方法为,球磨、混合、造粒、整形、干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。原料选用75μm以下造粒,选用40μm以下整形,降低支撑剂体积密度,提高球度;外加剂的引入使压裂支撑剂获得适宜的强度和韧性。本发明大量的利用粉煤灰,对环境保护、固体废弃物的资源化利用找到一条很好出路,同时制备出一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机材料技术领域,具体涉及一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排出的主要固体废物。我国火电厂粉煤灰的主要氧化物组成为:SiO2、Al2O3、FeO、Fe2O3、CaO、TiO2等。随着电力工业的发展,燃煤电厂的粉煤灰排放量逐年增加,成为我国当前排量较大的工业废渣之一。飞灰是煤粉进入1300~1500℃的炉膛后,在悬浮燃烧条件下经受热面吸热后冷却而形成的。由于表面张力作用,飞灰大部分呈球状,表面光滑,微孔较小。一部分因在熔融状态下互相碰撞而粘连,成为表面粗糙、棱角较多的蜂窝状组合粒子。飞灰的排放量与燃煤中的灰分直接有关。据我国用煤情况,燃用1t煤约产生250~300kg粉煤灰。大量粉煤灰如不加控制或处理,会造成大气污染,进入水体会淤塞河道,其中某些化学物质对生物和人体造成危害。
我国粉煤灰综合利用经历了“以储为主”~“储用结合”~“以用为主”三个发展阶段。目前,粉煤灰综合利用主要方式有生产水泥、混凝土及其他建材产,在建筑工程、改良土壤、回填、生产生物复合肥,提取物质实现高值化利用等,涉及建材、建筑、冶金、化工、农业等多个领域,涌现出一批专业化粉煤灰综合利用企业。
压裂支撑剂是一种陶瓷颗粒产品,具有很高的压裂强度,主要用于油田井下支撑,以增加石油天然气的产量,属环保产品,具有耐压强度高、密度低、圆球度好、光洁度高、导流能力强等优点。
我国专利CN201410041140.3公开了一种高掺量粉煤灰陶粒支撑剂的制备方法,以铝矾土、粉煤灰、方解石粉、滑石粉、二氧化钛、软质耐火粘土和重晶石粉,球磨、造粒、烘干、筛分、烧结,烧结温度在1350~1500℃,耗费能源大;我国专利CN201310148377.7公开了一种以粉煤灰和废陶瓷为主料,辅以钾长石粉和锰矿粉来制备石油压裂支撑剂,但主料中粉煤灰添加量较少,易影响支撑剂的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂及其制备方法。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,粘接剂1~15份,助熔剂1~10份,增强剂0.5~8份,减水剂0~0.5份。
进一步地,所述粉煤灰粒径选择75μm以下,如粒径大于75μm,则需球磨至75μm以下,粒径越小造粒越容易,颗粒强度越高。使用75μm以下粉煤灰有别于使用40μm以下粉煤灰,不会破坏粉煤灰内玻璃微珠的结构(粉煤灰大部分粒径小于100μm),进一步降低支撑剂体积密度的情况下不会降低强度。
进一步地,所述粘接剂为煅烧高岭土、黏土、聚氯乙烯、生高岭土、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种;所述助熔剂为硼砂、硼酸、锂辉石、长石、熟石灰中的一种或多种;所述增强剂为氧化锰、钢渣、矿渣、铝矾土、云母、铝土矿中的一种或多种;所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂、萘系减水剂中的一种或多种。通过不同种助溶剂之间的调配,可适当扩大支撑剂适宜的烧结温度的范围,有助于生产的稳定性,更适宜批量生产;助熔剂的加入也有助于降低支撑剂的烧结温度,降低能耗。增强剂的加入可以调节支撑剂原料的硅铝比,以应对不同种粉煤灰对支撑剂强度的影响。助熔剂与增强剂经高温反应后,有助于生成针状氧化铝和棒状莫来石晶粒相互交叉,液相填充于各个晶粒之间,使支撑剂获得适宜的强度和韧性。减水剂的加入可以降低造粒时水量的20~30%,降低烘干时的能耗;同时提高支撑剂生坯内部的结合性,提高了烧结后的强度。
另一方面,本发明还提供低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
进一步地,混合物1加水混合造粒,加水量一般在15~18%左右,不超过20%。用水量以实际生产为主,水主要起成球作用,对其它性能无影响。
进一步地,加入40μm原料整形,具有一定的分散性,有整形、抛光的作用,使支撑剂表面光滑、致密、不易酸融,可以提高球度,增加使用性。
进一步地,混合物2占混合物1质量的3~10%。
进一步地,混合物1和混合物2为同一批次原料制得。
进一步地,烧结时的过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1150-1250℃,并保温10~40min。
本发明制备的压裂支撑剂可为6~12目、8~16目、12~18目、12~20目、16~20目、16~30目、20~40目、30~50目、40~60目、40~70目、70~140目等多种规格,其具体粒径大小可根据加水量进行调节,并经过筛分处理得到。如需支撑剂粒径较大,则混合物2占比较小;如需支撑剂粒径较小,则混合物2占比较大。如20-40目,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;如50-80目,混合物2占混合物1质量的10%。
本发明的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,大量利用粉煤灰作为原料,为粉煤灰提供了一条高附加值的有效利用途径,有助于环境保护、固体废弃物的资源化利用;本发明制备得到的压裂支撑剂具有轻质高强的特点,堆积密度在1200~1420g/cm3,在52MPa的闭合压力下,20~40目颗粒破碎率为5~7%,具有良好的悬浮性能和导流性能,可用于闭合压力大的场合。
本发明的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法,采用75μm以下粉煤灰进行造粒,不会破坏粉煤灰内玻璃微珠的结构,进一步降低支撑剂体积密度的情况下不会降低强度;并利用40μm以下粉煤灰进行整形,具有一定的分散性,有整形、抛光的作用,使支撑剂表面光滑、致密、不易酸融,可提高球度,增加使用性。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见的,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1为本发明的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,煅烧高岭土8份,硼砂5份,钢渣0.5份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1220℃,并保温10~40min。
实施例2:
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,黏土5份,长石3份,矿渣1份,聚羧酸减水剂0.1份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1250℃,并保温10~40min。
实施例3:
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯1份,硼砂8份,铝矾土6.1份,聚羧酸减水剂0.3份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1180℃,并保温10~40min。
实施例4:
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,黏土14.5份,锂辉石7.9份,铝土矿8份,聚羧酸减水剂0.5份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1150℃,并保温10~40min。
对比例1:
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,黏土14.5份,锂辉石7.9份,铝土矿8份,聚羧酸减水剂0.5份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1150℃,并保温10~40min。
对比例2
一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,黏土14.5份,锂辉石7.9份,铝土矿8份,聚羧酸减水剂0.5份。
如图1所示,本实施例中压裂支撑剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2,混合物2占混合物1质量的4%;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1150℃,并保温10~40min。
将本发明实施例1~4和对比例1~2制备得到的压裂支撑剂性能进行测试,结果如表1所示。
表1压裂支撑剂性能测试结果
本发明实施例1~4制备得到的压裂支撑剂以75μm以下粒径粉煤灰做主要原料,并以40μm以下粉煤灰进行整形;一方面选用75μm可保持粉煤灰中空心玻璃微珠的完整性,使其降低堆积密度的同时不降低其它性能,再利用40μm粉煤灰进行整形,可提高颗粒的圆球度及光滑、致密度。同时从球磨能量损耗及效率、性能综合考量选用,在40μm细度下,产品性能已经比较优异,市面上大部分球磨机都能满足要求。
同时,实施例4和对比例1选用相同配比原料,而整形所用原料粒径不同进行对比,对比例1选用75μm以下粉煤灰进行包覆,与实施例4制得的压裂支撑剂相比,对比例1的压裂支撑剂破碎率上升,浊度上升,酸溶解度提高但整体性能有所下降。实施例4和对比例2选用相同配比原料,但对比例2全选用40μm以下粉煤灰作为原料,发现对比例2堆积密度明显提高,其他性能无明显提高,同时球磨耗费大量能量。
本发明制备的压裂支撑剂,堆积密度在1200~1420g/cm3,在52MPa的闭合压力下,20~40目颗粒破碎率为5~7%,具有良好的悬浮性能和导流性能,可用于闭合压力大的场合。
以上借助具体实施例对本发明做了进一步描述,但是应该理解的是,这里具体的描述,不应理解为对本发明的实质和范围的限定,本领域内的普通技术人员在阅读本说明书后对上述实施例做出的各种修改,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,其特征在于,所用原料及组分为:粉煤灰100份,粘接剂1~15份,助熔剂1~10份,增强剂0.5~8份,减水剂0~0.5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰粒径≤75μm。
3.如权利要求2所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰包括粒径≤75μm和粒径≤40μm两种粒级。
4.如权利要求1所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂,其特征在于:所述粘接剂为煅烧高岭土、黏土、聚氯乙烯、生高岭土、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种;所述助熔剂为硼砂、硼酸、锂辉石、长石、熟石灰中的一种或多种;所述增强剂为氧化锰、钢渣、矿渣、铝矾土、云母、铝土矿中的一种或多种;所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂、萘系减水剂中的一种或多种。
5.权利要求1~4任一项所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)各原料分别球磨至粒径75μm以下,按比例称取,为混合物1;
(2)各原料分别球磨至粒径40μm以下,按比例混合,为混合物2;
(3)混合物1加水混合造粒,再添加混合物2整形,干燥、烧结、降温,筛分后制得。
6.如权利要求5所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:混合物2占混合物1质量的3~10%。
7.如权利要求5所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法,混合物1和混合物2为同一批次原料制得。
8.如权利要求5所述的低密度粉煤灰压裂支撑剂的制备方法,其特征在于:烧结过程为:首先以20~40℃/min升温至600℃,再以30~50℃/min升温至900℃,最后以8~20℃/min升温至1150~1250℃,并保温10~40min。
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