CN117820431A - 一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117820431A CN117820431A CN202410239532.4A CN202410239532A CN117820431A CN 117820431 A CN117820431 A CN 117820431A CN 202410239532 A CN202410239532 A CN 202410239532A CN 117820431 A CN117820431 A CN 117820431A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/06—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 5 to 11 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/18—Peptides; Protein hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/06—Antigout agents, e.g. antihyperuricemic or uricosuric agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
本申请提供了一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽及其制备方法与应用。该青稞酒糟肽的氨基酸序列为IVIPPW,其具有明显的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制效果和抗氧化作用,可用于治疗高尿酸血症。该青稞酒糟肽食用安全性高、体外稳定、能避开胃肠道消化、易吸收,克服蛋白质被消化酶破坏从而不能口服的弊端,并且相对分子质量小、易于修饰调控、Fmoc合成成本较低廉、易于工业化生产、可大量制备。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于生物活性肽领域,具体地,本申请提供了一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
青稞又称裸大麦,主要产自中国西藏、青海、四川、云南等地,是青藏高原地区最具特色的高原农作物。青稞适合酿酒,在青藏地区历史悠久,每年该区的青稞约七成以上用来酿酒。青稞酒糟作为青稞酿酒后的主要副产物,产量大。目前酿造1吨青稞酒会产生1吨左右的青稞酒糟。青稞酒糟pH 值约为3.5,其营养丰富的酸性环境有利于微生物生长,导致酒糟易腐败变质,从而造成环境污染和资源浪费。因此,以青稞酒糟为原料进行高值化综合利用不仅具有低成本、高效益等优点,还能有效防止环境污染。
当前,青稞酒糟可以被用来酿造食醋,培养食用菌,发酵生产有机酸、木糖醇等高附加值产品,然而这些利用途径存在成本高、工序复杂等不足。因此,在实际生产中,将酒糟用作饲料和堆积农肥是使用最广的途径。但是这种简单直接的方式存在资源利用率不高,产品附加值低的缺点。
随着生活水平的提高,越来越多的人群过量摄入高嘌呤食物,从而导致高尿酸血症的患病率不断升高。黄嘌呤氧化酶(Xanthine oxidase, XO)是尿酸合成的关键酶,当黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性受到抑制时,尿酸的生成量减少,血清尿酸水平下降,从而有利于达到降尿酸的效果。别嘌呤醇是临床上广泛应用的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,但会引起皮疹、严重过敏反应、肝肾功能障碍等副作用。因此,研究新型安全高效的抗高尿酸血症功能因子,对预防和治疗高尿酸血症具有重要意义。
生物活性肽安全易吸收,毒副作用小且具有多种生理功能,是潜在降尿酸功能因子。青稞酒糟中含有大量蛋白质(14.3%-21.8%),并且研究发现青稞酒糟肽具有显著的抗氧化活性,而多肽的抗氧化作用有助于降尿酸。因此,以青稞酒糟为对象进行降尿酸肽的研究开发,不仅有助于青稞酒糟的高值化综合利用,而且有利于高尿酸相关疾病的治疗。
发明内容
一方面,本申请提供了一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽,所述青稞酒糟肽的氨基酸序列为IVIPPW。
另一方面,本申请提供了用于治疗高尿酸血症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含上述青稞酒糟肽。
进一步地,所述药物组合物为口服剂型。
进一步地,所述药物组合物包含药学上可接受的辅料。
用于口服时,药物组合物可以是片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、口服液、糖浆、颗粒、滴丸、口崩片、缓释片、缓释胶囊、控释片、控释胶囊;用于肠胃外给药途径时,可以是水针、冻干粉针、无菌粉针、输液。本发明药物组合物优选口服剂型。
所述药学上可接受的载体可选自适用于口服制剂的药用赋形剂,包括填充剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、助溶剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂、pH调节剂、包衣材料、溶剂、助溶剂、吸附载体等。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述青稞酒糟肽在制备治疗高尿酸血症的药物组合物中的应用。
另一方面,本申请提供了上述青稞酒糟肽在制备具有抗氧化作用的药物或保健品中的应用。
另一方面,本申请提供了制备上述青稞酒糟肽的方法,所述方法为Fmoc固相合成方法。
进一步地,所述方法包括:(1)溶剂处理;(2)树脂溶胀;(3)接第一个氨基酸;(4)Fmoc保护基离去;(5)茚三酮检测脱除效果;(6)接第二个氨基酸及Fmoc保护基脱除;(7)
重复步骤(6),直到合成到N端最后一个氨基酸;(8)树脂的脱落及纯品分离检测。
本发明的青稞酒糟肽,异亮氨酸-缬氨酸-异亮氨酸-脯氨酸-脯氨酸-色氨酸(Ile-Val-Ile-Pro-Pro-Trp,IVIPPW),是发明人通过大量工作筛选得到的,食用安全性高、体外稳定、能避开胃肠道消化、易吸收,克服蛋白质被消化酶破坏从而不能口服的弊端,并且相对分子质量小、易于修饰调控、合成成本较低廉、易于工业化生产、可大量制备。进一步发现该肽通过抗氧化活性和利用疏水相互作用与黄嘌呤氧化酶活性位点结合抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性来实现降尿酸作用。总之,该肽的发现为开发和高尿酸相关疾病的食品、保健品以及药品提供了新的资源,对于预防、缓解和治疗与高尿酸相关的疾病具有重要的应用意义。
附图说明
图1为肽IVIPPW的质谱结果图;
图2为肽IVIPPW的降尿酸效果评价结果;
图3为肽IVIPPW的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制机理。
具体实施方式
以下实施例便于更好地理解本发明,但不限于此,这些实施例仅用于例证的目的,决不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1醇碱法提取青稞酒糟蛋白
将青稞酒糟粉和醇碱混合液[V(95%乙醇):V(0.5 mol/L NaOH)=1:2],按照固液比1:40充分混合后,搅拌4 h。离心后取上清液,并使用1mol/L HCl调节上清液pH至4.7。静置后离心,得到粗蛋白沉淀,接着用蒸馏水洗涤沉淀3次,再用0.5 mol/L NaOH将蛋白溶液调整至7.0,最后冷冻干燥并保存在-20℃。
实施例2酶解法水解青稞酒糟蛋白
将青稞酒糟蛋白与35 mM pH 6.2磷酸钠缓冲液以1:20的质量体积比混合均匀,使用1 mol/L NaOH调节溶液pH值到7.0。加入5%碱性蛋白酶(w/w, Sigma),混匀后置于水浴摇床中振荡酶解,酶解时间2 h,酶解温度50℃。酶解结束后,酶解液沸水浴10 min,灭活残留的酶。酶解液经室温冷却后,4℃,10000×g离心15 min,收集上清液。
实施例3蛋白水解物的分离纯化和鉴定
12 mL青稞酒糟蛋白水解物溶液转移至3 kDa离心超滤管,4℃,5000×g离心30min后即得分子量<3 kDa级分。
青稞酒糟蛋白水解物的<3 kDa级分样品用C18除盐柱除盐后,经由配备在线纳喷离子源的LC-MS/MS分析。整套系统为串联EASY-nanoLC 1200的 Q-Exactive Plus质谱仪(Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA)。上样3 μL样品(分析柱:Acclaim PepMap C18,75 μm × 25 cm),以60min的梯度分离样品,柱流量:300 nL/min,柱温:40℃,电喷雾电压:2 kV。流动相A相:0.1%甲酸水溶液,B相:含0.1%甲酸的80%的ACN溶液,梯度从2%的B相起始,在47 min以非线性梯度升高到35%,1 min内升高到100%,维持12 min。
质谱仪在数据依赖采集模式下运行,自动在MS和MS/MS采集间切换。质谱参数设置如下:(1) MS: 扫描范围(m/z):200-2000; 分辨率:70000;AGC target:3e6 ; 最大注入时间:50 ms;(2) HCD-MS/MS:分辨率:17500; AGC target:1e5; 最大注入时间:45 ms; 碰撞能量:28; 动态排除时间:30 s。
串联质谱图经过PEAKS Studio version 10.6 (Bioinformatics SolutionsInc., Waterloo, Canada)分析。数据库为uniprot-Hordeum_vulgare_subsp_vulgare(version 2023, 34528 entries),设置none酶解。搜库参数碎片离子质量容许误差:0.02Da,母离子质量容许误差:10 ppm。可变修饰:Oxidation (M) 15.99,肽段卡值为-10lgP≥20。在数据库中未检索到的肽段,通过设置ALC(%)≥80得出。部分典型结果见表1。
实施例4基于生物信息学的降尿酸肽筛选
作为功能成分用于和降尿酸有关产品的生物活性肽,其无毒、无过敏性、无致癌性和高潜在生物活性是筛选的基本前提。氨基酸残基数目在2~10个,分子量在1000 Da以下的小肽能避开胃肠道消化,克服蛋白质被消化酶破坏从而不能口服的弊端。故基于生物信息学技术对<3 kDa级分中的肽段,依据无毒、无过敏性、无致癌性、高潜在生物活性、胃肠道不消化、人体肠道易吸收和体外能够稳定存在为标准,筛选出符合开发要求的降尿酸肽。
采用ToxinPrep(https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/toxinpred/index.html)平台,基于SVM(Swiss-Port)算法,对肽进行毒性预测。利用AllerTOP v.1(http://www.ddg-pharmfac.net/allertop/)对肽进行过敏性预测。利用admetSAR(http://lmmd.ecust.edu.cn/admetsar1/home/)对肽进行致癌性和人体肠道吸收性预测。通过PeptideRanker在线平台(http://distilldeep.ucd.ie/PeptideRanker/)分析肽的潜在生物学活性,其中阈值大于0.5则被认为具有生物活性。采用PeptideCutter(https://web.expasy.org/peptide_cutter/)对肽基于胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶进行胃肠道消化性预测。不稳定性指数通过ExPasy(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)评估,其中不稳定系数越小,表明此蛋白越稳定,不稳定系数小于40的蛋白判定为能够稳定存在。最终依据分子量小(<1000 Da)、安全、高生物活性(>0.5)、胃肠道不消化、人体肠道易吸收和体外能够稳定存在(<40)为标准,首次从青稞酒糟蛋白中筛选得到未经报道的肽IVIPPW(见表1)。
表1 基于生物信息学的青稞酒糟肽性质预测
肽序列 | 保留时间 | m/z | 分子量 | 毒性 | 过敏性 | 致癌性 | 潜在生物活性 | 胃肠道消化性 | 人体肠道吸收性 | 不稳定系数 |
IVIPPW(SEQ ID NO.1) | 51.97 | 724.4423 | 723.4319 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 0.791237 | 不消化 | 易 | 16.68 |
KPFPQEPPFGL(SEQ ID NO.2) | 41.51 | 1256.6736 | 1255.6602 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 0.943415 | 能消化 | 易 | 124.80 |
WSPIYD(SEQ ID NO.3) | 26.42 | 780.3591 | 779.349 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 0.754124 | 不消化 | 易 | 121.03 |
FDRPF(SEQ ID NO.4) | 13.99 | 681.3381 | 680.3282 | 无 | 有 | 无 | 0.977872 | 能消化 | 难 | 94.64 |
DVRLSIA(SEQ ID NO.5) | 14.42 | 773.454 | 772.4443 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 0.111634 | 能消化 | 难 | 8.57 |
GMDVLNMF(SEQ ID NO.6) | 52.84 | 926.4153 | 925.4037 | 无 | 无 | 无 | 0.8161 | 能消化 | 易 | 8.75 |
实施例5降尿酸肽的人工合成
采用Fmoc固相合成法制备肽IVIPPW,具体如下:
(1)溶剂处理
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、甲醇在使用前用G3孔的分子筛浸泡过夜除杂质和水。
(2)树脂充分溶胀
称取2.0 g空白Wang树脂于洁净干燥的反应管中,加入15 mL DMF,室温活化30min。
(3)接第一个氨基酸
室温下,通过沙芯抽滤掉上步溶剂,加入1 mmol 5倍摩尔过量的C端第一个氨基酸,5倍摩尔过量的DMAP,5倍摩尔过量的N,N-二异丙基碳二亚胺,DMF做溶剂室温反应3 h。反应完毕用DMF洗4-6次,每次5-6 mL。再加入体积比为1:1的吡啶和乙酸酐,反应30 min。反应完毕用DMF洗4-6次,每次5-6 mL。
(4)Fmoc保护基的离去
抽滤去掉(3)的溶剂,将10 mL 20%的哌啶DMF溶液加入到树脂中,N2搅拌10 min后滤出溶液,再加入10 mL 20%的哌啶DMF溶液,N2吹动搅拌5 min再滤去溶液,反复重复此操作两次后,用DMF洗4次,甲醇洗2次,每次5-6 mL。
(5)茚三酮检测脱除效果
取出少量树脂,用甲醇洗三次,加入茚三酮、KCN、苯酚溶液各一滴,105℃-110℃加热5 min,变深蓝色为阳性反应,说明脱除完全,即可进行下步反应;若呈无色,说明保护基没有脱除完全,则需要重复以上脱保护操作。
(6)接第二个氨基酸及Fmoc保护基脱除
称取3倍摩尔过量的C端第二个氨基酸,3倍摩尔过量的HBTU和3倍摩尔过量的1-羟基苯并三氮唑于反应管中,加入适量DMF溶液使其完全溶解后,再加入10倍摩尔过量的N,N-二异丙基乙胺,室温反应40 min,用DMF洗4-6次,每次5-6 mL。取少量树脂用茚三酮检测试剂检测,显无色,然后加入10 mL20%的哌啶DMF溶液脱Fmoc,进行两次,分别为10 min、5min,之后用DMF洗4次,甲醇洗2次,每次5-6 mL。取出少量树脂用茚三酮检测试剂检测,检测为蓝色,即可进行下一步反应。
(7)以此类推,重复(6)的步骤,直到合成到N端最后一个氨基酸,去掉Fmoc保护基,然后抽干。
(8)树脂的脱落及纯品分离检测
最后用三氟乙酸切割液(95%三氟乙酸:2%三异丙基硅烷:2%乙二硫醇:1%H2O)切割2 h,抽滤反应液,得肽的三氟乙酸溶液,将裂解液用氮气吹干,再用乙醚沉淀、离心,然后用乙醚洗3-5次,得白色固体,用纯水溶解后,经HPLC脱盐提纯,冻干后析出晶体。
(9)肽的质量检测
取少量样品在超声溶解后,置于高效液相色谱仪中检测。HPLC参数为:色谱柱:ZORBAX SB-C18, 4.6×250mm, 5μm;水相:100%水加0.1%三氟乙酸;有机相:100%乙腈加0.1%三氟乙酸;流速:1 mL/min;进样量:10 μL,检测波长:220 nm。
质谱参数:离子源为电喷雾离子化源(ESI源),雾化气流速:1.5 L/min,CDL:-20.0V,CDL温度:250℃,加热块温度:200℃,离子源电压:+4.5 kV,检测器电压:1.5 kV,流动相流速:0.2 mL/min,流动相比例:50%H2O/50%ACN。
最后通过高效液相色谱和质谱分析,确定肽IVIPPW的纯度大于95%,质谱结果见图1。
实施例6降尿酸肽的活性效果评价
(1)黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制率
将50 μL 10 mg/mL IVIPPW溶液和50 μL黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液在37℃孵育5 min后,加入150 μL黄嘌呤溶液。酶标仪在290 nm处每隔20 s记录一次吸光度,连续记录10 min内吸光值的变化,空白使用0.2 mol/L pH 7.5磷酸盐缓冲液。黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制率的计算公式如下:
式中:A:空白的反应速率;B:样品的反应速率。
(2)DPPH自由基清除率
将50 μL 5 mg/mL IVIPPW溶液(蒸馏水作为对照组)、50 μL 0.2 mmol/L DPPH(溶于甲醇)自由基溶液在37℃避光孵育20 min后,酶标仪在517 nm处记录吸光度。DPPH自由基清除率的计算公式如下:
式中:A:对照吸光度;B:样品吸光度。
图2的试验结果显示,肽IVIPPW的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制率是96.19±1.91%,DPPH自由基清除率是68.91±3.16%。这表明肽IVIPPW不仅对黄嘌呤氧化酶有很好的抑制活性,还具有显著的抗氧化作用,可有效预防、缓解和治疗与高尿酸有关的疾病,并有望作为功能成分广泛应用于与高尿酸疾病相关的食品、保健品以及药品中,具有良好的市场前景。
实施例7降尿酸肽的活性发挥机理分析
以筛选出的降尿酸肽IVIPPW为配体,黄嘌呤氧化酶为受体,通过分子对接技术明确降尿酸肽与黄嘌呤氧化酶之间的作用位点和相互作用力,阐明降尿酸肽IVIPPW的活性发挥机理。
从RCSB蛋白数据库(http://www.rcsb.org/)获取黄嘌呤氧化酶(PDB编号:1N5X)的晶体结构,采用Dock 6.9将肽IVIPPW与黄嘌呤氧化酶进行柔性对接,基于Grid打分函数进行能量评价。1N5X蛋白晶体结构中存在两条完全对称的肽链,即为A、B链。在分子对接前保留黄嘌呤氧化酶的链A用于对接分析,同时去除配体非布司他。根据1N5X中原配体非布司他的位置,设置分子对接的坐标为X:96,Y:54.86,Z:38.607。对接打分是配体与大分子结合的近似势能,较低的得分值表明目的大分子与配体之间具有强亲和力。通常小于-70 kcal/mol的对接打分值表示较好的结合力。范德华力贡献指的是π-π堆积、疏水作用等非极性作用。静电力贡献则表现为盐桥、氢键等极性作用。对接打分是范德华力贡献和静电力贡献的总和。结果发现肽IVIPPW与黄嘌呤氧化酶的对接打分是-74.101669 kcal/mol,范德华力贡献是-72.339401 kcal/mol,静电力贡献是-1.762267 kcal/mol。
分子对接模拟图3展示了肽IVIPPW与黄嘌呤氧化酶氨基酸残基的结合主要依赖于疏水相互作用、盐桥和氢键。具体地说,IVIPPW与氨基酸残基(Leu648、Phe649、Phe1013、Phe1142)形成疏水相互作用,与氨基酸残基(His875)形成盐桥,与氨基酸残基(Ser710)形成氢键。之前的研究发现Phe649、Asn768、Lys771、Glu802、Leu873、Ser876、Arg880、Phe914、Phe1009、Thr1010、Val1011、Leu1014和Glu1261是常见的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性位点,故肽IVIPPW通过疏水相互作用与活性位点Phe649结合来抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性,发挥降尿酸功能。
Claims (8)
1.一种具有降尿酸功效的青稞酒糟肽,其特征在于,所述青稞酒糟肽的氨基酸序列为IVIPPW。
2.用于治疗高尿酸血症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包含根据权利要求1所述的青稞酒糟肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物为口服剂型。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物包含药学上可接受的辅料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的青稞酒糟肽在制备治疗高尿酸血症的药物组合物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的青稞酒糟肽在制备具有抗氧化作用的药物或保健品中的应用。
7.制备根据权利要求1所述的青稞酒糟肽的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为Fmoc固相合成方法。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述方法包括:(1)溶剂处理;(2)树脂溶胀;(3)接第一个氨基酸;(4)Fmoc保护基离去;(5)茚三酮检测脱除效果;(6)接第二个氨基酸及Fmoc保护基脱除;(7)重复步骤(6),直到合成到N端最后一个氨基酸;(8)树脂的脱落及纯品分离检测。
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