CN117820034A - Preservation method and fertilizer for intensive culture manure water - Google Patents
Preservation method and fertilizer for intensive culture manure water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer, in particular to a preservation method of intensive culture manure water and a fertilizer. In the invention, the method of adding EM bacteria and dilute acid for regulation is adopted, under anaerobic conditions, the acidity (pH is less than or equal to 4) of the intensive culture manure water is maintained, the formation of methane and the volatilization of ammonia are inhibited, the humification process is promoted, and after 8 months of storage, the solid-liquid two-phase separation of the intensive culture manure water is carried out, wherein the nitrogen retention rate in the liquid phase reaches more than 83%, the total phosphorus content is greatly improved, and the residual copper and zinc elements in the liquid phase part of the intensive culture manure water are at a very safe level. In the cultivation season of crops such as rice, the liquid phase component of the acidified and stale intensive cultivation manure water is extracted, is neutralized to be slightly acidic or nearly neutral by lime with a proper amount, is uniformly mixed with soil to be used as a base fertilizer, and can safely and efficiently replace 50% -75% of chemical fertilizer for crop cultivation according to the nitrogen content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer, in particular to a preservation method of intensive culture manure water and a fertilizer.
Background
The intensive cultivation manure has large water quantity and rich organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, but contains enteropathogenic bacteria, parasitic ova, higher copper-zinc heavy metal residues and antibiotics residues. Therefore, the intensive culture manure water must be subjected to a staling treatment to be safely applied to farmlands.
EM bacteria are short for effective microbial flora (Effective Microorganism), which contains different microorganisms of multiple families and multiple genera, and various aerobic microorganisms and facultative microorganisms coexist, such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes, fungi and the like. Through experiments and application researches in recent decades, the EM microbial inoculum has been successfully applied to agriculture, animal husbandry, health care, environmental management, purification of rivers, lakes and ponds and the like. EM bacteria are common environmental treatment microorganisms for commercialization and sales, and the production method is simple and convenient and has low cost. In the prior art, technology for treating livestock manure by using EM bacteria exists, but the technology is basically used for treating solid manure, and the treatment effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the invention provides a preservation method and fertilizer for intensive culture manure water, which at least solve one problem in the prior art.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preserving intensive culture fecal sewage, comprising the steps of:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture manure water to be less than or equal to 4, and storing under the sealed and shading conditions;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
In the invention, the characteristic of acid production of EM flora is utilized to promote the intensive culture of fecal aquiculture acid as soon as possible; under anaerobic conditions, the acidity (pH is less than or equal to 4) of the intensive culture manure water is maintained, the formation of methane and the volatilization of ammonia are inhibited, and the humification process is promoted; after 8 months of storage, the solid-liquid two-phase separation of the intensive culture manure water is carried out, wherein the retention rate of nitrogen in the liquid phase reaches more than 83%, and the residual copper-zinc element in the liquid phase part of the intensive culture manure water is at a safe level.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing a fertiliser comprising the steps of:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
regulating the pH value of the intensive culture fecal sewage to be less than or equal to 4, and storing for 8 months under the sealed and shading conditions;
lime or lime water is added into the liquid phase component of the intensive culture manure water to ensure that the pH value of the liquid phase component is slightly acidic, thus obtaining fertilizer;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a fertiliser obtainable by the method of preparing a fertiliser.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides the use of said fertilizer as a base fertilizer in rice or vegetable cultivation to replace 50% -75% of the fertilizer.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) The problem of nitrogen loss of the intensive cultivation manure water in the storage process for 8 months is solved, the nitrogen retention rate of the liquid phase part of the intensive cultivation manure water exceeds 83%, the total phosphorus content is greatly improved, the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced, 50% -75% of chemical fertilizers can be replaced for crop cultivation, and the aims of planting and raising combination and chemical fertilizer reduction are fulfilled;
(2) The added EM strain is a commercial microbial strain sold in the market, and the propagation method is simple and the production cost is low; after being treated by EM bacteria, the solid-liquid automatic separation of the intensive culture manure is realized, and the copper and zinc element residues with larger quantity can be deposited into the solid residues in the form of organic chelates, so that the potential heavy metal enrichment risk possibly caused by long-term application of the intensive culture manure on the cultivated land is avoided; the solid residue can be used as a production raw material of organic compost rich in copper and zinc, or prepared into a culture medium of flowers and cash crops through limited carbonization, and is used on copper-zinc-deficient soil;
(3) A small amount of single dilute acid or a mixture of a plurality of dilute acids is used as an acidification regulator for the storage of the intensive culture manure water, so that the cost is low, the source is convenient, the selection can be carried out according to the characteristics of applied crops and the different physical and chemical properties of local soil, and the method is quite convenient; the extracted liquid phase component of the acidified and stale intensive culture manure water is neutralized to be slightly acidic or nearly neutral by a proper amount of lime, which is very simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the enhanced pig raising waste treatment in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows TOC concentrations of the enhanced culture wastewater inoculated with EM bacteria in example 1 of the present invention under different pH conditions.
FIG. 3 shows TC concentrations of the intensive culture wastewater inoculated with EM bacteria in example 1 of the present invention under different pH conditions.
FIG. 4 shows TN concentrations of the enhanced culture wastewater inoculated with EM bacteria in example 1 of the present invention under different pH conditions.
FIG. 5 shows TP concentrations of the intensive culture wastewater inoculated with EM bacteria in example 1 of the present invention under different pH conditions.
Detailed Description
The following is a clear and complete description of the conception and technical effects produced thereby to fully illustrate the objects, aspects, and effects of the present invention.
The invention provides a preservation method of intensive culture manure water, which comprises the following steps:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture manure water to be less than or equal to 4, and storing under the sealed and shading conditions;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
In some preferred embodiments, the number of live bacteria of the EM strain is up to 10 ^4 ~10 ^10 CFU/ML。
In some preferred embodiments, the inoculation amount of the EM strain is 0.5 per mill (V/V) to 1.0 per mill (V/V) of the volume of the intensive culture manure water.
In some preferred embodiments, the pH of the intensive culture manure water is adjusted with a dilute acid that is one or a mixture of more of dilute phosphoric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute butyric acid. For example, the dilute acid is phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, butyric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, a mixture of phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30% and hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, and a mixture of phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30% and butyric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%.
In some preferred embodiments, the EM species is enriched by exogenous addition of at least one of acetobacter and butyric acid bacteria. The bacillus aceticus or the bacillus butyricum can produce a large amount of acetic acid, butyric acid and antibacterial substances by decomposing organic pollutants in wastewater, and a small amount of inorganic acid or organic acid is added, so that the pH value of the intensive culture manure water is kept to be less than or equal to 4 in the whole storage period, the propagation of putrefying bacteria and archaea is inhibited, the development of humification process is facilitated, the solid-liquid separation is promoted, and the heavy metal content of the manure liquid phase part is effectively kept in a safe range.
In some preferred embodiments, the light shielding condition may be masking with a black plastic film.
In some preferred embodiments, the pH of the intensive culture manure is detected every 1 to 2 weeks during the storage, and if the pH of the intensive culture manure is greater than 4, the pH of the intensive culture manure is adjusted to be 4 or less.
The liquid phase component of the intensive culture fecal sewage preserved by the preservation method is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, and is suitable for being used as a fertilizer after the acidity is neutralized. Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of preparing a fertiliser comprising the steps of:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
regulating the pH value of the intensive culture fecal sewage to be less than or equal to 4, and storing for 8 months under the sealed and shading conditions;
lime or lime water is added into the liquid phase component of the intensive culture manure water to ensure that the pH value of the liquid phase component is slightly acidic, thus obtaining fertilizer;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
Wherein the subacidity means that the pH is 5.0-6.9.
In addition, the method for preparing the fertilizer is used for obtaining the liquid fertilizer, namely the fertilizer obtained by the method for preparing the fertilizer is provided by the invention. The fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer for rice or vegetable cultivation to replace 50% -75% of fertilizer.
According to the invention, the intensive culture manure is inoculated by using EM bacteria reinforced by acetobacter and butyric acid bacteria, fermented for a certain time under aerobic and weak light, then oxygen is isolated, the acid-base property of the intensive culture manure is regulated by using dilute acid and kept to be stronger in acidity (pH is less than or equal to 4), but a relief valve is required to be reserved so as to avoid overlarge pressure in a storage pool caused by a small amount of gas generated in the storage process of the intensive culture manure, and a black plastic film is used for covering so as to avoid the damage of ultraviolet rays to beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, the generation of methane is effectively inhibited, the formation of humic acid is promoted, the loss of nitrogen-containing substances caused by nitrification and denitrification is reduced, more than 83% of nitrogen in the liquid phase part of the intensive culture manure is preserved in the storage process of 8 months, and the total phosphorus content is improved. Meanwhile, most of organic substances are flocculated and settled under the action of microorganisms, most of copper and zinc elements remained in the intensive culture manure are adsorbed in organic sediments, and the copper and zinc elements remained in the liquid phase part of the intensive culture manure are at a safe level. In the cultivation season of crops such as rice, liquid phase components of the acidified and stale intensive cultivation manure water are extracted, and are neutralized to be slightly acidic or nearly neutral by lime with a proper amount, and then the liquid phase components are uniformly mixed with soil to be used as base fertilizer, so that 50% -75% of fertilizer can be safely and efficiently replaced for crop cultivation according to nitrogen content calculation, multiple advantages of long fertilizer efficiency, promotion of fertilizer reduction, control of agriculture and animal husbandry non-point source pollution, reduction of carbon emission, promotion of nutrient efficient circulation and the like are shown, and good economic benefit and social benefit are obtained while the pollution of the intensive cultivation manure water is solved. The solid phase substance of the acidified and stale intensive culture manure water can be used as a raw material for producing organic compost rich in copper, zinc and humus, and can also be used for preparing culture matrixes of flowers and cash crops and used on soil lacking copper, zinc.
Example 1
The method for acidizing and preserving the fecal water of the livestock farm with 2 tens of thousands of stock is as follows:
(1) Collecting 100 cubic meters of fresh pig manure water produced by daily production and filling the collected 100 cubic meters of fresh pig manure water into an anaerobic storage large pond with the volume of 1250 cubic meters for 10 consecutive days, and temporarily storing the fresh pig manure water in the open air;
(2) Expanding and culturing EM bacteria to make the number of viable bacteria reach 10 ^7 Inoculating an EM strain into pig manure water in the anaerobic storage large pond in the step (1) by CFU/ML, and inoculating 50L of the EM strain; wherein the EM strain is inAdding pig manure water in the day of being stored in the anaerobic storage large pond in the first day, and adding the pig manure water in the 9 days after the pig manure water is stored in the anaerobic storage large pond;
(3) Detecting the pH value of the pig manure water in the step (2) every 10 days, regulating the pH value to be below 4 by dilute hydrochloric acid, sealing and isolating oxygen, covering and sealing the anaerobic storage large pond by using a black plastic film to avoid the damage of ultraviolet rays to beneficial microorganisms, and leaving a pressure release valve on the black plastic film to avoid the occurrence of bursting caused by overlarge air pressure in the anaerobic storage pond due to a small amount of air generated in the pig manure water storage process; the pH of the liquid phase portion of the swine waste water was measured every 2 weeks during storage and diluted hydrochloric acid was added to maintain the pH of the swine waste water below 4 at all times.
After 8 months of storage, solid-liquid separation occurs in the acidified and stored pig manure water, wherein the contents of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), total Carbon (TC) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in the liquid phase are increased (shown in figures 2, 3 and 5), the retention rate of nitrogen (TN) in the liquid phase is 83.3% (shown in figure 4), the residual copper element in the pig manure water is 0.23mg/L, and the zinc element is 1.7mg/L, and the pig manure water is in a very safe level.
In the cultivation season of rice, extracting liquid phase components of the pig manure water after acidification and aging in the embodiment 1, neutralizing the liquid phase components with a proper amount of lime water to be slightly acidic, uniformly mixing the liquid phase components with soil to be used as a base fertilizer, and applying the compound fertilizer as a rice tillering fertilizer. According to 20kg of nitrogen applied per mu in the rice growth period, 5455kg of nitrogen (2550 mg/L) in the acidified and stored pig manure water is utilized to replace 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer in combination with the practice of higher soil fertility, the fertilizer replacement rate is 75%, and the fertilizer has the good effects of long fertilizer efficiency and rice yield increase of 5.6%.
Example 2
The method for acidizing and preserving the fecal sewage of the dairy farm with 1 thousand stock quantity comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting and filling the manure water of a daily fresh dairy farm with the volume of 95 cubic meters into an anaerobic storage large pond with the volume of 1200 cubic meters for 10 continuous days, and temporarily storing in the open air;
(2) Expanding and culturing EM bacteria to make the number of viable bacteria reach 10 ^8 Inoculating an EM strain into the dairy farm manure water in the anaerobic storage vat in the step (1) by CFU/ML, and inoculating 50L of the EM strain; wherein the EM strain is at the firstAdding the manure water of the dairy farm on the day when the manure water enters the anaerobic storage vat for storage, and adding no manure water in the day 9;
(3) Detecting the pH value of the dairy manure in the step (2) every week, regulating the pH value to be below 4 by dilute phosphoric acid, sealing and isolating oxygen, covering and sealing an anaerobic storage large pond by using a black plastic film to avoid the damage of ultraviolet rays to beneficial microorganisms, and leaving a pressure release valve on the black plastic film to avoid the occurrence of bursting caused by overlarge air pressure in the anaerobic storage pond due to a small amount of air generated in the dairy manure storage process; the pH of the liquid phase portion of the dairy manure was measured every 1 week during storage and diluted phosphoric acid was added to maintain the pH of the dairy manure below 4 at all times.
After 8 months of storage, solid-liquid two-phase separation of the water from the milk cow farm is realized, wherein the retention rate of nitrogen in the liquid phase reaches 83.2%.
In winter wheat cultivation season, liquid phase components of the milk cow farm manure water after acidification and aging in the embodiment 2 are extracted, neutralized to be nearly neutral by a proper amount of lime water, and then are uniformly mixed with soil to be used as a base fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is used as a wheat tillering fertilizer to be applied. According to 15kg of per mu nitrogen applied in the wheat growing period, 4500kg of nitrogen (2000 mg/L) in the acidified and stale dairy farm manure water after acidification and storage is utilized to replace 9kg of nitrogen originally provided by ternary compound fertilizer, the fertilizer replacement rate is 60%, and the fertilizer has good effects of long fertilizer efficiency and 7.5% wheat yield increase.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should be considered as being within the scope of the present invention as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same or equivalent means. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preservation method of intensive culture manure water comprises the following steps:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture manure water to be less than or equal to 4, and storing under the sealed and shading conditions;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of live bacteria of the EM strain is up to 10 ^4 ~10 ^10 CFU/ML。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the inoculation amount of the EM strain is 0.5-1.0% by volume of the intensive culture manure water.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the intensive aquaculture manure is adjusted with a dilute acid, the dilute acid being one or more of dilute phosphoric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute butyric acid.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the dilute acid is phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, butyric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, a mixture of phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30% and hydrochloric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%, or a mixture of phosphoric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30% and butyric acid with a mass concentration of 0.1% -30%.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the EM species is enriched by exogenously adding at least one of acetobacter and butyric acid bacteria.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the pH of the intensive culture manure is detected every 1 to 2 weeks during the storing, and if the pH of the intensive culture manure is greater than 4, the pH of the intensive culture manure is adjusted to be 4 or less.
8. A method of preparing a fertilizer comprising the steps of:
inoculating EM strain into intensive culture manure water, and fermenting for 7-10 days;
regulating the pH value of the intensive culture fecal sewage to be less than or equal to 4, and storing for 8 months under the sealed and shading conditions;
lime or lime water is added into the liquid phase component of the intensive culture manure water to ensure that the pH value of the liquid phase component is slightly acidic, thus obtaining fertilizer;
and during the storage period, periodically detecting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure, and if the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure is more than 4, adjusting the pH value of the intensive culture liquid manure to be less than or equal to 4.
9. A fertilizer obtained by the method of claim 8.
10. The use of a fertilizer according to claim 9, wherein the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for rice or vegetable cultivation in place of 50% -75% of the fertilizer.
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