CN1178191A - 合成气体和动力的联合生产方法 - Google Patents

合成气体和动力的联合生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1178191A
CN1178191A CN97114865A CN97114865A CN1178191A CN 1178191 A CN1178191 A CN 1178191A CN 97114865 A CN97114865 A CN 97114865A CN 97114865 A CN97114865 A CN 97114865A CN 1178191 A CN1178191 A CN 1178191A
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H·L·黑尔格
V·保迪尔
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Abstract

一种用于合成气体和电力的联合生产的方法,至少包括以下步骤:用于合成气体的生产,将第二燃料流与燃气燃烧成为烟气,将该烟气在一热交换反应器中,与碳氢化合物原料的蒸汽重整反应进行热传导,用于电力的生产,将第一燃料流与燃气在一气轮燃烧室中燃烧成为烟气,在气轮机中膨胀该烟气;其中,来自其中一个步骤的烟气在另一步骤中用作燃气。

Description

合成气体和动力的联合生产方法
本发明涉及合成气体和电力的联合生产，通过一气轮机参与向一热交换重整炉中供应燃气而实现。
本发明特别提供一种高效率发电的方法，利用来自气轮机的，接近大气压或提高压力的废热，作为燃气向一热交换蒸汽重整炉(HER)中供热，由碳氢化合物原料生成合成气体。
另一方面，通过本发明的工艺，来自气轮机空气压缩器的压缩空气可首先在HER中用作燃气，接下来，该气体在气轮机膨胀器中膨胀之前，在次级燃烧中用作燃气，提高来自HER的烟气温度。
HER为一习用的碳氢化合物重整技术。HER重整炉的优点是，相比在一般重整炉中用辐射进行热传递，它具有较多的对流热传递。这是通过大量的过量燃气而获得的，燃气限制了烟气的温度。
习惯上，向HER供入混合有水蒸汽的经颈热的脱硫碳氢化合物汽流。
重整工艺在安放于HER中的重整催化剂参与下进行、蒸汽重整工艺按下列反应进行：
HER的概念指的是，吸热反应按这样的方式进行，通过冷却来自重整炉催化床的流出物，提供重整工艺所必需的部分热量，所需的重整炉剩余部份的热量的供应，则通过在HER的燃烧室中燃烧燃料，产生热烟气流，它通过催化床的墙外侧，在接近大气压或提高的压力下，与在床上的上述蒸汽重整反应进行热传导而提供。
燃烧过程的进行中加入有过量的空气，以达到适当的烟气温度，从而通过催化床壁对催化剂获得占优势的对流热传递。
HER中生产的合成气体可应用于几种合成品，例如甲醇或通过下游工艺区段生成氢或一氧化碳。
在习惯设计中，燃气压缩机向HER中供入过量的燃气，在以HER为基础的电厂中，这种和其它杂项设备(即压缩机、鼓风机、泵等)的必要动力通常由输入电源或外部发电装置供应，一般是蒸汽轮机或燃气轮机。
象HER一样，气轮机需要大量的过量燃气，以控制烟气的温度。
基于这样的事实，即HER重整炉和气轮机两者均需要控制烟气温度，我们发现，把HER中排出的氧用作气轮机中的燃气。可提高工艺效率，反之亦然。废气的从第一工序到环境温度的全部热能，在后序的燃烧工艺中没有熵损失地转换给燃气的预热能。
因此，本发明是一种用于合成气体和电力的联合生产的方法，至少包括以下步骤：
用于合成气体的生产，通过将第二燃料流与燃气燃烧成为烟气，并且在一热交换反应器中，将烟气与碳氢化合物原料的蒸汽重整反应进行热传导，
用于电力的生产，通过将第一燃料流与燃气在气轮机燃烧室中燃烧成为烟气，并在气轮机中膨胀该烟气；
其中来自其中一个步骤的烟气，在另一个步骤中用作为燃气。
通过本发明的方法，在气轮机中并结合热交换重整炉，可高效率地生产电力。电力生产和合成气体所需的燃料的转换效率大约为80-90％，这是由单独的发电机所无法达到的。
另一优点，燃气的后续使用仅需一个普通烟气废热回收部而不是两个单独的回收部，这样烟气的总流量即可减少。
通过本发明的工艺，HER中所使用的燃气送入燃烧液态或气态燃料流的气轮机，生产电力和含有热氧的废气；
然后将含氧废气通入HER燃烧室，在那里被用来燃烧额外的燃料，在重整炉和普通废热回收部中供应适当的烟气流作为加热介质。或者，该燃气进入一气轮机压缩机，被压缩并通入HER燃烧室，用于燃烧液态或气态燃料流，在重整炉中供应适当的烟气流作为加热介质。
来自HER中的含氧流随后用来燃烧一额外的燃料流产生废气，废气被送入气轮机膨胀器，并最终通过普通废热回收部。
本发明方法的运行，见图1所示的具体实施例，环境空气2通入一气轮机(GT)压缩机，并在气轮机空气压缩机中被一级或多级压缩。然后压缩后的空气作为过量的氧源与液态或气态的燃料流11，在气轮机燃烧室中混合和反应。
来自燃烧室中的烟气8包含大量剩余的氧。它通入气轮机膨胀器(GT膨胀器)，在其中烟气被减压到接近大气压或提高的压力，以适应作为HER的燃气。
含氧烟气流12通入HER并作为一过量的氧源与液态或气态燃料6，在HER燃烧室9中再一次反应，提供具有足够高温度(一般在1300℃)和高流速的第二烟气流，以向HER的触媒室14中所发生的需要热量的吸热重整工艺供热。
来自HER，在吸热HER重整部14中的烟气侧被冷却的烟气10，在一普通烟气废热回收部(WHS)中被进一步冷却。
气轮机产生轴动力，可选择用以驱动一气轮发电机或一压缩机(图中未示)。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如图2所示，环境空气20送入一气轮机空气压缩机(GT压缩机)，被一级或多级压缩。
压缩空气22通入HER燃烧室90，作为过量的氧源与液态或气态燃料流60混合并反应，提供一具有足够高温度(一般1300℃)和高流速的烟气。以向在HER重整部140中所发生的吸收热量的吸热重整工艺供热。
在吸热HER重整部140中的烟气侧被冷却的烟气80，和HER中包含的剩余的氧随后通入燃烧室120，再一次作为过量的氧源与液态或气态燃料110反应，以产生烟气100。
烟气100送入气轮机膨胀器，在涡轮中减压至接近大气压。
减压后的烟气流160随后通过一普通废热回收部(WHS)。
气轮机产生轴动力，可选择用来驱动一气轮发电机或一压缩机(图中未示)。
图1和图2所示的两个实施例中，来自空压机的压缩后的燃气可直接短路至次级燃烧室。
图1和图2的实施例所适用的工况和获得的结果分别总结在表1和表2中。
比较图3所示和表3总结的HER中没有气轮机的习用合成气体的生产，本发明的方法可节约大量的能量。而一习用的如图3所示的HER，需要动力输入8.9MWh/h，动力和合成气体的联合生产则产生了额外的动力。由图1的实施例，从装置中可输出29.9Mwh/h的动力。在合成气体和动力的联合生产中所需的额外的燃料的转换效率为89％，可从表1中看出。如图2所示的实施例，则可输出动力76Mwh/h，额外燃料的转换效率为94％(参照表2)。
                                  表1
  图1中的位置     2     4     6     8     10
  P[kg/cm2g]     0     20     20     15     0
  T[℃]     15     25     25     1000     619
  流量[Nm3/h]     538967     31181     19769     551661     573652
  LHV[kcl/Nm3]     9856     9856
  成份(容积百分比)
  N2     76.92     0.48     0.48     75.16     72.3
  CO2     0.03     1.56     1.56     2.55     6.65
  O2     20.69     15.47     6.97
  Ar     0.93     0.91     0.87
  H2O     1.43     0.14     0.14     5.91     13.21
  碳氢化合物     97.82     97.82
  动力输出[MWh/h]＝                                      29.9
                                 表2
  图2中的位置     20     40     60     80     100
  P[kg/cm2g]     0     20     20     14.7     14.6
  T[℃]     15     25     25     559     1270
  流量[Nm3/h     523687     35249     18339     544086     562896
  LHV[kcl/Nm3]     9856     9856
  成份
  N2     76.92     0.48     0.48     74.05     71.59
  CO2     0.03     1.56     1.56     4.14     7.66
  O2     20.69     12.18     4.89
  Ar     0.93     0.89     0.86
  H2O     1.43     0.14     0.14     8.74     15
  碳氢化合物     97.82     97.82
  动力输出[MWh/h]＝                                              76
  额外燃料的转换效率[％]＝                                                             94
                                表3
  图3中的位置     2     4     6     8     10
  P[kg/cm2g]     0     20     0
  T[℃]     15     25     619
  流量[Nm3/h]     548604     27380     579060
  LHV[kcl/Nm3]     9856
  成份
  N2     76.92     0.48     72.9
  CO2     0.03     1.56     5.79
  O2     20.69     8.76
  Ar     0.93     0.88
  H2O     1.43     0.14     11.67
  碳氢化合物     97.82
  动力输入[MWh/h]＝                                        8.9

Claims (4)

1、一种方法，用于合成气体和电力的联合生产，至少包括以下步骤：
用于合成气体的生产，将第二燃料流与燃气燃烧成为烟气，将该烟气在一热交换反应器中，与碳氢化合物原料的蒸汽重整反应进行热传导，
用于电力的生产，将第一燃料流与燃气在一气轮机燃烧室中燃烧成为烟气，在气轮机中膨胀该烟气；
其中，来自其中一个步骤的烟气在另一步骤中用作燃气。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中来自气轮机的膨胀后的烟气与第二燃料流在蒸汽重整步骤中燃烧。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中来自蒸汽重整步骤中的烟气，在电力生产步骤中与第一燃料流燃烧。
4、根据权利要求1和3所述的方法，其中蒸汽重整步骤中的燃气是来自一气轮机压缩器的增压空气。
CN97114865A 1996-06-21 1997-06-21 合成气体和动力的联合生产方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1095805C (zh)

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CN102213142A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-12 重庆大学 基于甲烷重整提高燃气轮机再热循环热效率的方法
CN102220903A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-19 重庆大学 基于甲烷燃烧-重整的提高燃气轮机循环热力性能的方法
CN105074167A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2015-11-18 通用电气公司 用于在飞机中传送燃料的低温燃料系统和方法

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JP5047277B2 (ja) 2006-05-30 2012-10-10 スターケム テクノロジーズ，インコーポレイテッド メタノール生成方法及びシステム
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CN1295140C (zh) * 2001-12-17 2007-01-17 普莱克斯技术有限公司 提高反应器产量的方法
CN102213142A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-12 重庆大学 基于甲烷重整提高燃气轮机再热循环热效率的方法
CN102220903A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2011-10-19 重庆大学 基于甲烷燃烧-重整的提高燃气轮机循环热力性能的方法
CN102213142B (zh) * 2011-05-30 2014-01-01 重庆大学 基于甲烷重整提高燃气轮机再热循环热效率的方法
CN102220903B (zh) * 2011-05-30 2014-01-01 重庆大学 基于甲烷燃烧-重整的提高燃气轮机循环热力性能的方法
CN105074167A (zh) * 2012-12-28 2015-11-18 通用电气公司 用于在飞机中传送燃料的低温燃料系统和方法
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AU723199B2 (en) 2000-08-17
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NO972844L (no) 1997-12-22
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JPH1068329A (ja) 1998-03-10
EP0814146B1 (en) 2002-09-11
RU2222492C2 (ru) 2004-01-27
DE69715316T2 (de) 2003-01-02
KR100260461B1 (ko) 2000-07-01
NO319280B1 (no) 2005-07-11
CN1095805C (zh) 2002-12-11
US5937631A (en) 1999-08-17

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