CN1177920C - 附着于钛材上的水垢的去除剂 - Google Patents
附着于钛材上的水垢的去除剂 Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/08—Acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/12—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen
- C02F5/125—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen combined with inorganic substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/10—Salts
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- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/22—Organic compounds
- C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D7/265—Carboxylic acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/10—Other heavy metals
- C23G1/106—Other heavy metals refractory metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/14—Hard surfaces
- C11D2111/16—Metals
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Abstract
本发明提供一种水垢去除剂,用于去除附着在由钛或者钛合金制成的器件上的水垢,作为有效成分,含有羟羧酸、胺基磺酸、硫酸铵,在钛离子的耐溶解性方面效果优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水垢的去除剂,特别涉及附着堆积在钛制排水管的内壁上的水垢的去除剂。
背景技术
比如,食物残渣等分解出的不溶于水的有机物、或尿等分解生成的钙化合物附着在厨房或便器的排水管的内壁。这些附着物,一般统称为水垢,会使排水的流动恶化。在管径小、弯曲部位多的配管内,水垢的堆积会引起排水管的堵塞。
就飞机上的厨房或便器的排水管来说,由于受机体结构上的制约,在狭小的空间内,细管形成错综复杂的配管结构,为了避免排水管的堵塞,要频繁进行水垢的去除作业。但是,如果使用水垢去除效果好的盐酸、硫酸等强酸性无机酸,不仅排水管因腐蚀而导致材质劣化,而且洗净后的废水引起环境污染。另一方面,如果使用像醋酸那样的弱酸,由于不能得到彻底的水垢去除效果,必须定期卸下排水管,采用物理的方法进行去除管内的水垢的作业。该作业不但速度慢而且困难,另外还由于需要较长时间,所以妨碍到飞机的运行计划。
发明人以前开发出不用强酸性无机酸就能够有效溶解去除水垢的水垢去除剂(特开2000-63890)。这是作为有效成分含有羟羧酸和胺基磺酸(sulfaminic acid)的组合物,不但对管材的腐蚀作用弱,而且具有良好的生物降解性能,因此不用担心引起环境污染。这种水垢去除剂,虽然最初是作为用于溶解去除假牙的齿垢或者齿石的假牙洁剂开发出来的,但由于齿垢或齿石的成分与排水管的水垢大致相同,所以作为飞机内的厨房或者便器的排水管用的水垢去除剂使用时,在除去水垢这一点上显然也能发挥出优越的效果。
但是,由于飞机内的厨房或者便器的排水管除耐蚀性外,还重视轻量性,所以作为管的材料优选使用钛、或者包含钛和其它金属元素的钛合金(以下简称为“钛材”)。在大气环境下,钛材能够于瞬间形成与钛材表面紧密结合的钛氧化物的覆盖膜,由于该覆盖膜保护母材,所以耐蚀性非常好。但是,由于钛氧化物覆盖膜的厚度非常薄,如果与含有强酸的化学药剂接触,覆盖膜很容易被去除。如果使用强酸性的水垢去除剂进行水垢的去除作业,首先水垢被去除,接着它下面的氧化覆盖膜被去除。如果这样持续投入水垢去除剂,则钛材的表面受到水垢去除剂的腐蚀作用,钛离子就会被溶解。如果在水垢的去除完成的同时,停止投入水垢去除剂,则能够抑制钛离子的溶解,但是实际上,难以控制如此时间恰当的作业。因此,实际状况是,在除去附着于由钛材制成的排水管上的水垢的作业中,不能避免钛离子的溶解。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种水垢去除剂,在除去附着于由钛材制成的排水管上的水垢的去除剂中,它不但在水垢的溶解作用方面优越,而且在钛离子的耐溶解性方面也优越(钛离子的溶解较少)。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的水垢去除剂的特征是,除了羟羧酸和胺基磺酸以外、还含有作为有效成分的硫酸铵的组合物。
相对于羟羧酸、胺基磺酸和硫酸铵的合计重量,优选含有大于0%且在5%以下的硫酸铵。
附图说明
图1是针对从飞机上卸下的排水管,说明除去附着于管内壁的水垢的试验的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的水垢去除剂包含作为有效成分的羟羧酸、胺基磺酸和硫酸铵,下面进行详细说明。
本发明的水垢去除剂,由于羟羧酸和胺基磺酸的共存,对含有钙化合物的水垢具有很高的溶解性,可以发挥优越的水垢去除效果。
羟羧酸是在其分子构造中含有醇式羟基和羧基的物质的总称,比如,可以列举出乙醇酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、羟基丙酸、α-羟基丁酸、甘油酸、丙醇二酸等脂肪族羟羧酸、水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、三羟基苯甲酸、α-苯乙醇酸、托品酸等芳香族羟羧酸,但并不局限于这些酸。而且,优选苹果酸和柠檬酸。该羟羧酸不仅能够单用一种,而且根据需要能够同时使用两种以上。
作为胺基磺酸,优选使用氨基磺酸(amidosulfonic acid),但并不局限于此。在使用氨基磺酸的情况下,即使在它的衍生物中,也优选使用水溶性大的N-烷基以及N-芳基的衍生物。
本发明中所使用的羟羧酸和胺基磺酸,优选即使长时间使用、安全性也很好且常温下是固体的羟羧酸和胺基磺酸,更优选具有与天然物体相近的结构且在生物降解性方面优越的羟羧酸和胺基磺酸。
羟羧酸与胺基磺酸的重量比优选从1∶9到9∶1,更优选从1∶9到7∶3。
本发明的水垢去除剂的特征在于含有硫酸铵。本发明者们发现硫酸铵具有抑制从钛材的表面溶解出钛离子的作用,而不会降低羟羧酸和胺基磺酸的水垢去除作用,就其含量来说,相对于羟羧酸、胺基磺酸和硫酸铵的合计重量,优选大于0%且在5%以下。
本发明的水垢去除剂,在对水垢的溶解要求即时效果的情况下,优选制得粉末或者颗粒状,将它均匀混合,变成水溶液使用。就水溶液的浓度来说,比如,相对于1000ml的水,羟羧酸、胺基磺酸和硫酸铵的合计量优选为约50g~约200g(相当于约5~约17重量%的水溶液),更优选为约100g~约140g(相当于约9~12重量%的水溶液)。
另一方面,为了经过长时间后还维持水垢去除效果,也可以使用具有使羟羧酸和胺基磺酸延迟向水中溶解的作用的结合剂,形成适当形状的成型体。通过调整结合剂的配合量,能够适当控制水溶时间。
作为结合剂,比如,可以列举出淀粉、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟丙基淀粉(HPS)等,但并不局限于这些。
就成型体来说,可以将羟羧酸粉末、胺基磺酸粉末和硫酸铵配合后的混合粉末作为基剂,相对于该基剂的100重量份,大约均匀混合5~100重量份的结合剂粉末,将该混合物用锭剂成型机制成给定的形状。
此外,本发明的水垢去除剂,根据需要也可以混合使用氧化剂、表面活性剂、酶制剂、螯合剂等。
在去除附着于飞机的厨房或者便器的排水管的管内壁上的水垢的作业中使用本发明的去除剂的情况时,首先,将去除剂溶解于水,调制成去除剂的水溶液。将该去除剂水溶液从厨房或者便器的排水口注入,去除剂水溶液一边溶解附着于管壁的水垢、一边通过排水管内部,到达飞机下部的排水管口。由于到此的水溶液含有自排水管去除的水垢,所以下一步,使其通过分离器,分离水垢,将分离出的水垢收存在给定的容器内。除掉水垢后的去除剂水溶液,再一次回到厨房和便器的排水口,通过排水管的内部。使去除剂水溶液循环去除水垢所需要的时间,取决于飞机的大小和水垢的附着程度。
下面列举具体的实施例进行说明。
实施例1
使用锭剂成型机,制成各种钙化合物的供试用球体(直径为5mm),将该球体按照每一种钙化合物的种类分别浸渍在各种试用液内,调查钙化合物的溶解状况。
供溶解试验用的钙化合物是磷酸钙、碳酸钙、草酸钙或硫酸钙。
其试验结果如表1所示。
在表1中,1号试用液是发明例,在500ml蒸馏水中,溶解有作为羟羧酸的L-苹果酸10g和柠檬酸10g、作为胺基磺酸的氨基磺酸5g、以及硫酸铵1g。
2号试用液是不含有硫酸铵的比较例,在500ml蒸馏水中,溶解有作为羟羧酸的L-苹果酸10g和柠檬酸10g、作为胺基磺酸的氨基磺酸5g。
3号试用液,是弱酸的示例,是市售的醋500ml。
4号试用液,是强酸性无机酸的示例,是浓度为5%的盐酸500ml。
表1
试用液 | 钙化合物的溶解试验结果 | |||
磷酸钙 | 碳酸钙 | 草酸钙 | 硫酸钙 | |
1号 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 |
2号 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 |
3号 | 几乎没有变化 | 几乎没有变化 | 几乎没有变化 | 几乎没有变化 |
4号 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 | 30分钟内微粉化,3小时内溶解 |
参照表1的结果,1号试用液和2号试用液的钙化合物的溶解时间与4号的盐酸大致相同,显示出对于钙的化合物具有优越的溶解能力。此外,3号试用液被认为几乎没有钙化合物的去除效果。
附着于排水管的内壁上的水垢,如上所述,主要由钙化合物构成,本发明的水垢去除剂,由于对这种钙化合物的溶解能力很大,所以明显具有优越的水垢去除效果。
实施例2
将连接在飞机的厨房内的排水管卸下,调查附着于管的内壁上的水垢的去除效果。卸下的排水管用纯钛制成,直径2英寸(约50mm),长度92.6英寸(约2350mm),其中一部分平缓弯曲。水垢的附着厚度在管的端部约是2~5mm。
图1示意性地表示水垢的去除试验。参照图1,1是水箱,在其中放入本发明的水垢去除剂的水溶液2。水溶液2在20升的水中,含有作为羟羧酸的L-苹果酸800g和柠檬酸800g,作为胺基磺酸的氨基磺酸400g、以及硫酸铵80g。
3是排水管,水垢9附着在排水管3的内壁。在排水管3的各端部,连接着半透明的由聚氯乙烯制成的管道4、5。一方的管道4的端部连接着水泵6,另一方的管道5浸在水溶液2中。使用的泵6是1/6马力、额定流量在5英尺的头部是17.5gpm。7是支撑排水管3的支持体。
使泵6工作,将水箱1内的水垢去除剂水溶液2循环通过排水管3的内部。3小时后,停止泵6,卸下管道4、5,目视检查排水管的管内壁,结果确认水垢被近乎完全地去除。
实施例3
由纯钛制作的试验片,与实施例1相同,浸渍在各种试用液(液体量为500ml,液体温度25℃)中,调查钛离子的溶解状况。而且,钛离子的溶解量通过原子吸光光度计测定。
试验片使用内径50mm、外径53mm、长度50mm的圆筒。
试验片的浸渍时间和钛离子溶解量的关系如表2所示。
表2
试用液 | 钛离子的溶解量(μg/ml) | ||
24H浸渍后 | 48H浸渍后 | 120H浸渍后 | |
1号 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
2号 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
3号 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.11 |
4号 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 |
参照表2的结果,发明例的1号试用液与不含硫酸铵的比较例的2号试用液相比,钛离子的溶解量要少。这表示硫酸铵具有抑制钛离子溶解的效果。
3号试用液的醋,与2号试用液相比时,虽然钛离子的溶解稍微减少,但如实施例1所示,由于钙化合物的溶解效果几乎没有,所以不适合用作水垢去除剂。
4号试用液的盐酸,由于钛离子的溶解量较大,所以引起钛材的劣化。
由实施例1至实施例3的结果表明,本发明的水垢去除剂对于构成水垢的钙化合物的溶解作用非常优良,并且可以抑制钛离子的溶解。
所以,使用本发明的水垢去除剂,进行去除附着于由钛材制成的排水管的内壁上的水垢的去除作业时,去除水垢后,即使水垢去除剂与钛材的表面接触,也能够抑制来自钛材的钛离子的溶解,因此可以防止管的材质劣化。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的水垢去除剂,由于在钛离子的耐溶解性方面优良,所以在去除附着于由钛材制成的器件比如飞机内的厨房或者便器的排水管的内壁上的水垢方面是有用的。此外,作为由钛材制成的其他器件,有热交换器、原子能机器等内部的各种配管等,本发明的水垢去除剂在去除附着于这些配管的管壁上的水垢方面也是有用的。
Claims (5)
1.一种在钛离子的耐溶解性方面优异的水垢去除剂,用于去除附着在由钛或者钛合金制成的器件上的水垢,有效成分含有羟羧酸、胺基磺酸、硫酸铵,所述硫酸铵相对于羟羧酸、胺基磺酸以及硫酸铵的合计重量,含量大于0%且在5%以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水垢去除剂,其特征在于:羟羧酸和胺基磺酸的重量比为1∶9至9∶1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水垢去除剂,其特征在于:羟羧酸是选自乙醇酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、羟基丙酸、α-羟基丁酸、甘油酸、丙醇二酸、水杨酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸、三羟基苯甲酸、α-苯乙醇酸和托品酸中的至少一种或一种以上的酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水垢去除剂,其特征在于:胺基磺酸是氨基磺酸。
5.一种使用权利要求1所述水垢去除剂的水垢去除方法,其特征在于:对于由钛或者钛合金制成的、与飞机内的厨房或者便器连接的排水管,在去除附着于该排水管的内壁上的水垢的方法中,作为水垢去除剂,向排水管中注入至少含有羟羧酸、胺基磺酸和硫酸铵的水溶液,所述硫酸铵相对于羟羧酸、胺基磺酸以及硫酸铵的合计重量,含量大于0%且在5%以下,由此抑制来自于排水管的钛离子的溶解,并溶解去除附着于该器件上的水垢。
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JP4891563B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-02 | 2012-03-07 | 伯東株式会社 | デポジット処理液及びデポジットの処理方法 |
JP5852338B2 (ja) | 2010-08-19 | 2016-02-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | スケール付着抑制性に優れた表面処理金属材の製造方法および海水蒸発器 |
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