CN117730155A - 用于核酸杂交的增强子寡核苷酸 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明包括用于核酸杂交的改进的方法和组合物,其中改进包括增强子寡核苷酸的使用。使用其中各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区的探针寡核苷酸以及能够与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸进行靶富集。正向引物结合位点和反向引物结合位点可以是通用引物结合位点。
Description
背景技术
靶富集(TE)技术广泛应用于基因组研究,包括人类疾病研究和临床应用。与全基因组分析诸如全基因组测序相比,这些技术提供了集中的并且具有成本效益的解决方案。通过将分析仅集中在基因组中感兴趣的区上,人们可以识别疾病或表型相关的遗传变异和其他相关的基因组特征,并为此类特征设计成本有效的临床诊断测定。
一开始,靶富集利用单链DNA(ssDNA)探针和探针池来捕获高复杂性样品诸如基因组样品中的感兴趣区。最近,双链DNA(dsDNA)探针在TE工作流程中变得流行。DsDNA探针因其捕获目标区的正(+)和负(-)链的能力而受到青睐,通过最小化DNA链捕获偏差由此来提高数据质量。遗憾的是,这些探针的双链性质导致自退火、交叉退火和其他伪象,从而导致测定性能下降,并最终导致测定灵敏度丧失。
鉴于靶富集对于将成本有效的基因组分析引入临床至关重要,因此需要提高靶富集测定中探针的性能。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种用于核酸杂交的组合物,其包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸包含能够在杂交条件下与多种核酸靶标特异性杂交的多种探针寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,杂交条件是严格的杂交条件。在一些实施例中,探针寡核苷酸是双链的。在一个实施例中,探针寡核苷酸是单链的。在一些实施例中,所有探针寡核苷酸具有相同的第一引物结合区和相同的第二引物结合区。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含能够与第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区杂交的寡核苷酸的混合物。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含能够与第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区的每条链杂交的寡核苷酸的混合物。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含四种寡核苷酸的混合物,各寡核苷酸能够与第一引物结合区或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链中的之一杂交。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含分成四组的多于四种寡核苷酸的混合物,每组寡核苷酸能够与第一引物结合区或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链中的之一杂交。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种用于核酸靶富集的组合物,其包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸包含能够在杂交条件下与存在于与非靶核酸的混合物中的多种核酸靶特异性杂交的多种探针寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,所述组合物进一步包含靶核酸与非靶核酸的混合物。在一些实施例中,
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种富集靶核酸的方法,该方法包括:使靶核酸与非靶核酸的混合物与组合物接触,该组合物包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,以及与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;在杂交条件下孵育该混合物;以及将探针结合的靶核酸与未结合的核酸分离。在一些实施例中,靶核酸、非靶核酸、两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸和一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸中的每一种都是单链的。在一些实施例中,该方法在杂交之前进一步压缩,在实现核酸变性的条件下孵育混合物。
在一些实施例中,靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物构成生物体的基因组DNA。在一些实施例中,靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物构成由生物体的基因组DNA形成的文库。在一些实施例中,文库包含从生物体分离的核酸,各核酸与至少一个衔接子核酸缀合,例如,两个衔接子核酸。在一些实施例中,衔接子核酸包括核酸条形码和通用引物结合位点。
在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括从混合物中去除任何单链核酸,例如,通过经由探针寡核苷酸中存在的捕获部分捕获杂交的核酸。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种对核酸进行测序的方法,包括:使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与组合物接触,该组合物包含两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,以及与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;在杂交条件下孵育混合物;捕获在探针与靶核酸之间形成的杂交体以获得富集的核酸;以及对富集的核酸进行测序。在一些实施例中,靶核酸、非靶核酸、两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸和一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸中的每一种都是单链的。在一些实施例中,需要在杂交之前进行变性。在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括例如用与富集的核酸中的通用引物结合位点结合的通用引物扩增富集的核酸。在一些实施例中,本发明是通过本文所述的方法形成的富集的核酸文库。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种反应混合物,其包含:包括靶核酸和非靶核酸的多种核酸;两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸包含能够在杂交条件下与存在于与非靶核酸的混合物中的多种核酸靶特异性杂交的多种探针寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,包括靶核酸和非靶核酸的多种核酸构成由生物体的基因组DNA形成的文库,该文库包含从生物体分离的核酸,各核酸与至少一个衔接子核酸缀合。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种评定患者中的疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括:提供来自患者的含有核酸的样品,通过本文描述的方法富集样品中的靶核酸,在富集的靶核酸中确定已知为疾病或病症的生物标志物的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测患者中的疾病或病症。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种选择治疗患者中疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括:提供来自患有疾病或病症的患者的含有核酸的样品,通过本文所述的方法富集样品中的靶核酸,在富集的靶核酸中确定已知为疾病或病症的生物标志物的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,并选择适合于在富集的核酸中检测到的突变的治疗。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种针对患者中癌性肿瘤的存在情况进行诊断或筛查的方法,该方法包括:提供来自患者的含有核酸的样品,通过本文所述的方法富集样品中的靶核酸,在富集的核酸中确定已知指示癌性肿瘤的存在情况的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测患者中癌性肿瘤的存在情况。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种基于肿瘤的突变状态选择靶向患者中的癌性肿瘤的治疗的方法,该方法包括:提供来自患者的含有核酸的样品,通过本文所述的方法富集样品中的靶核酸,在富集的核酸中确定已知突变的癌性肿瘤的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,并选择靶向所发现的突变状态的治疗。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种监测肿瘤生长或缩小的方法,该方法包括:周期性地从患者进行循环游离DNA(cfDNA)采样,通过本文所述的方法富集cfDNA中的一个或多个靶序列,检测含有已知在癌性肿瘤中突变的靶序列中的一个或多个突变的突变cfDNA的量的变化,其中此类突变cfDNA的水平的增加指示肿瘤生长,而此类突变cfDNA的水平的降低指示肿瘤缩小。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种监测患者中癌症治疗有效性的方法,该方法包括:周期性地从患者进行循环游离DNA(cfDNA)采样,通过本文所述的方法富集cfDNA中的一个或多个靶序列,检测含有已知在癌性肿瘤中突变的靶序列中的一个或多个突变的cfDNA的量的变化,其中这种突变cfDNA水平的增加指示肿瘤生长和治疗的无效性,而这种突变cfDNA的水平的降低指示肿瘤缩小和治疗的有效性,并且这种突变cfDNA的水平的稳定指示疾病稳定和治疗的有效性。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种诊断癌症患者的微小残留病(MRD)的方法,该方法包括:从患者获得循环游离DNA(cfDNA),通过本文所述的方法富集cfDNA中的一个或多个靶序列,在富集的cfDNA中检测已知在癌性肿瘤中突变的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,其中突变的cfDNA的存在指示患者中MRD的存在。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种用于核酸的改进的杂交的试剂盒,其包括:一种或多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,一种或多种探针寡核苷酸是双链的并且试剂盒包括能够与四个引物结合区杂交的四种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,试剂盒包括以下的一种或多种:用于纯化和分离核酸的试剂、用于形成核酸文库的试剂、用于扩增核酸的试剂和用于对核酸进行测序的试剂。
在一个实施例中,本发明是一种富集靶核酸的方法,该方法包括:使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与包含以下的组合物接触:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,其中第一引物结合区与附着于固体支持物的捕获寡核苷酸杂交;与第二引物结合区杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;在杂交条件下孵育混合物;使所述混合物与一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸在适于将第一引物结合区与捕获寡核苷酸解离的条件下接触,由此将探针结合的靶核酸与未结合的核酸分离,所述一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸与所述第一引物结合区杂交。
附图说明
图1A、1B和1C是展示了增强子寡核苷酸的设计和操作的图。
图2A和2B示出了在增强子寡核苷酸的存在下对通过杂交富集的核酸进行测序的结果。
具体实施方式
定义
以下定义辅助理解本公开。本节中未明确定义的所有术语均具有普通且惯常的含义。
术语“探针”指核酸(单链或双链),包括能够在严格杂交条件下特异性结合靶核酸的寡核苷酸。
术语“寡核苷酸”是指通常比天然存在的核酸短的核酸。术语寡核苷酸和核酸可以互换使用。除非另有说明,寡核苷酸是单链的。
术语“增强子寡核苷酸”是指本文描述和要求保护的寡核苷酸的类型,其具有与杂交探针中存在的某些元件杂交的特定性质,从而改善杂交探针的性能。
术语“阻断剂寡核苷酸”是指添加到涉及制备的核酸文库的杂交反应中的寡核苷酸,例如,用于测序。阻断剂寡核苷酸具有与所有文库分子中存在的某些元件杂交并阻断其的特定性质。一些市售的阻断剂寡核苷酸以“通用增强子寡核苷酸”的名称出售。为了避免疑问,本文定义的术语“增强子寡核苷酸”不同于“通用增强子寡核苷酸”。本公开中未使用术语“通用增强子寡核苷酸”。
术语“引物结合区”包括引物结合位点,其是核酸内的序列,其中扩增引物结合以启动链合成。在本公开内容的上下文中,术语“引物结合区”进一步包括引物结合位点的反向互补序列。例如,用引物扩增得到的双链核酸包括四个引物结合区,两条链中每条的两端各有一个区,其中引物结合区中的两个是引物结合位点,以及引物结合区中的另外两个是引物结合位点的反向互补序列。
靶富集(TE)技术广泛应用于基因组研究,作为生命科学和人类疾病研究和临床应用的一部分。与全基因组测序相比,靶富集在识别疾病和表型相关的遗传变异和基因组区方面提供了集中的并且具有成本效益的解决方案。近年来,双链DNA(dsDNA)探针已成为TE工作流程中流行的探针类型,因为它们能够捕获待富集的目标区的正链(+)和负链(-)。dsDNA探针通过最小化DNA链捕获偏差来提高数据质量。为了控制生产成本,领先的dsDNA探针供应商通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增来制造大量此类探针。为了实现PCR,必须在生成的每个dsDNA探针末端包括引物结合位点(PBS)。PBS在由制造商合成的所有探针上通常作为探针的批次或探针池是相同的。在降低制造成本的同时,这些引物结合位点的生产导致伪象的形成,从而损害探针性能。性能的降低是由于探针分子的正(+)链和负(-)链通过这些互补PBS连接(图1A,左上)或自退火或交叉退火(图1A,左下)的趋势。这些伪象对杂交效率产生负面影响,从而导致靶标富集不理想以及下游分析诸如例如核酸测序的质量降低。
杂交阻断剂是本领域中已知的。然而,杂交阻断剂寡核苷酸传统上用于阻断核酸文库中的衔接子序列,参见例如US20200102611。在靶标富集杂交期间,此类阻断剂寡核苷酸与文库分子结合,而不与杂交探针结合。现有的阻断剂寡核苷酸防止文库分子的衔接子-衔接子杂交,并且不解决与杂交探针相关的任何问题或伪迹。例如,现有的阻断剂没有解决杂交探针的连接、交叉退火或自退火的问题。
本公开提供了与杂交探针例如靶标富集杂交探针相关的问题的解决方案。本发明包含提高捕获效率和靶标富集性能的探针增强子寡核苷酸(dPEO)。增强子寡核苷酸被设计为结合杂交探针池中共享的共同序列。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸被设计成结合至存在于dsDNA探针中的引物结合位点。PCR通常用于杂交探针的制造。在这种情况下,各探针包含正向和反向通用引物结合位点。本发明的增强子寡核苷酸被设计为结合这些通用位点并防止杂交混合物中探针之间的任何不期望的相互作用。结果,增强子寡核苷酸最小化探针连接(图1B左上所示),并减少了重新退火的或交叉退火的双链探针的发生率(图1B左下),从而增加了杂交反应中有效的探针分子的数目。如图2A和2B中所示,回顾用不同剂量的增强子寡核苷酸产生的测序数据,增强子寡核苷酸的使用以剂量依赖性方式改善了捕获均匀性(图2A)并降低了重复读取水平(图2B)。
下面进一步详细描述本发明的各个方面。
本发明涉及一种操作样品的核酸的方法。在一些实施例中,该样品获自受试者或患者。在一些实施例中,该样品可包括例加通过活检而获自该受试者或患者的固体组织或实体肿瘤的片段。样品还可以包括可能含有核酸的体液(例加,尿液、痰、血清、血液或血液成分即血浆、淋巴、唾液、痰、汗液、泪液、脑脊液、羊水、滑液、心包液、腹膜液、胸膜液、囊液、胆汁、胃液、肠液或粪便样品)。在一些实施例中,样品是包含无细胞DNA(cfDNA)、包括循环肿瘤DNA (ctDNA)的血浆样品或尿液样品。在其他实施例中,样品为培养物样品,例加,含有可以从中分离出核酸的细胞和液体的组织培养物。在一些实施例中,样品中的目的核酸来自感染原,诸如病毒、细菌、原生动物或真菌。
本发明涉及操作从样品中分离或提取的分离的核酸。核酸提取方法为本领域中已知的。参见J.Sambrook等人,“Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual”,1989,第2版,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press:New York,N.Y.。多种试剂盒可商购获得以用于从生物样品中提取核酸(DNA或RNA)(例如,KAPA表达提取物(Roche SequencingSolutions,Pleasanton,Cal.)和来自BD Biosciences Clontech(Palo Alto,Cal.)、EpicentreTechnologies(Madison,Wisc.)、Gentra Systems(Minneapolis,Minn.)和Qiagen(Valencia,Cal.)、Ambion(Austin,Tex.)、BioRad Laboratories(Hercules,Cal.)等的其他类似产品。
在一些实施例中,提取核酸,按尺寸分离并任选地通过加速电泳浓缩,如例如在出版物WO2019092269和WO2020074742中所述。
靶标富集是捕获一种或多种靶核酸或将一种或多种靶核酸与样品或反应混合物中的任何非靶核酸分离的方法。在一些实施例中,靶标富集是相对于样品或反应混合物中存在的任何非靶核酸的浓度增加一种或多种靶标核酸的浓度的方法。
靶标核酸是样品中可能存在的目标核酸。每个靶标的特征在于其核酸序列。在一些实施例中,该靶核酸是基因或基因片段(包括外显子和内含子)。在一些实施例中,靶标是参与融合事件的基因、基因片段或基因间区,例如融合断裂点所在的区。在一些实施例中,靶标存在于RNA中并且是基因转录物或其部分。在一些实施例中,靶核酸包含生物标志物,矽基因,该基因的变体诸如单核苷酸变异(SNV)、拷贝数变异(CNV)或基因融合与疾病或病症相关的基因。例如,靶核酸可以选自于2015年9月10日递交的美国专利申请序列号14/774,518中描述的疾病相关标志物组合。此类面板可以作为AVENIO ctDNA分析试剂盒(Roche Sequencing Solutions,Pleasanton,Cal.)获得。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是表1或表2中列出的一种或多种基因。
表1.扩展的生物标记物组的组成
表2.监测生物标记物组的组成
ABCC5 | CSMD1 | FAT1 | HTR1E | MAP7D3 | PIK3CA | SV2A |
ABCG2 | CSMD3 | FBN2 | HTR2C | MKRN3 | PIK3CG | T |
ACTN2 | CTNNB1 | FBXL7 | IFI16 | MMP16 | PKHD1L1 | THSD7A |
ADAMTS12 | CTNND2 | FBXW7 | IL7R | MTX1 | POLE | TIAM1 |
ADAMTS16 | CYBB | FCRL5 | INSL3 | MYH7 | POM121L12 | TMEM200A |
ARFGEF1 | DCAF12L1 | FOXG1 | ITGA10 | MYT1L | PREX1 | TNFRSF21 |
ASTN1 | DCAF12L2 | FRYL | ITSN1 | NAV3 | PTPLA | TNN |
ASTN2 | DCAF4L2 | GBA3 | KCNA5 | NEUROD4 | RALYL | TNR |
AVPR1A | DCLK1 | GBP7 | KCNB2 | NFE2L2 | RFX5 | TRHDE |
BCHE | DCSTAMP | GJA8 | KCNC2 | NLGN4X | RIN3 | TRIM58 |
BPIFB4 | DDI1 | GPR139 | KCNJ3 | NLRP3 | RNASE3 | TRPS1 |
C6 | DLGAP2 | GRIA2 | KCTD8 | NMUR1 | ROBO2 | UGT3A2 |
C6orf118 | DMD | GRIK3 | KEAP1 | NOL4 | SEMA5B | USH2A |
CA10 | DNTTIP1 | GRIN2B | KIAA1211 | NPAP1 | SLC18A3 | USP29 |
CACNA1E | DOCK3 | GRIN3B | KIF17 | NR0B1 | SLC39A12 | VPS13B |
CDH12 | DSC3 | GRM1 | KIF19 | NRXN1 | SLC6A5 | WBSCR17 |
CDH18 | DSCAM | GRM5 | KLHL31 | NXPH4 | SLC8A1 | WIPF1 |
CDH8 | EGFLAM | GRM8 | KPRP | NYAP2 | SLITRK1 | WSCD2 |
CDH9 | EPHA5 | GSX1 | LPPR4 | OPRD1 | SLITRK4 | ZC3H12A |
CDKN2A | EPHA6 | HCN1 | LRFN5 | P2RY10 | SLITRK5 | ZFPM2 |
CHRM2 | EYS | HCRTR2 | LRP1B | PAX6 | SLPI | ZIC1 |
CNTN5 | FAM135B | HEBP1 | LRRC7 | PCDH15 | SMAD4 | ZIC4 |
CNTNAP2 | FAM151A | HECW1 | LRRTM1 | PDYN | SOX9 | ZNF521 |
CPXCR1 | FAM5B | HS3ST4 | LRRTM4 | PDZRN3 | SPTA1 | ZSCAN1 |
CPZ | FAM5C | HS3ST5 | LTBP4 | PGK2 | ST6GALNAC3 | 试剂盒 |
CRMP1 | FAM71B | HTR1A | MAP2 | PHACTR1 | STK11 | NRAS |
APC | KRAS | ALK | PDGFRA | MET | BRAF | RET |
BRCA1 | BRCA2 | TP53 | DPYD | EGFR | ERBB2 | UGT1A1 |
在一些实施例中,靶核酸是参与临床相关基因融合的一种或多种基因。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是已知在肿瘤中经历融合的一种或多种基因。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是与选自由以下项组成的组的基因相关联的一个或多个融合位点:ALK、RET、ROS、FGFR2、FGFR3、NTRK1、ALK、PPARG、BRAF、EGFR、FGFR1、FGFR2、FGFR3、MET、NRG1、NTRK1、NTRK2、NTRK3、RET、ROS1、AXL、PDGFRA、PDGFB、ABL1、ABL2、AKT1、AKT2、AKT3、ARHGAP26、BRD3、BRD4、CRLF2、CSF1R、EPOR、ERBB2、ERBB4、ERG、ESR1、ESRRA、ETV1、ETV4、ETV5、ETV6、EWSR1、FGR、IL2RB、INSR、JAK1、JAK2、JAK3、KIT、MAML2、MAST1、MAST2、MSMB、MUSK、MYB、MYC、NOTCH1、NOTCH2、NUMBL、NUT、PDGFRB、PIK3CA、PKN1、PRKCA、PRKCB、PTK2B、RAF1、RARA、RELA、RSPO2、RSPO3、SYK、TERT、TFE3、TFEB、THADA、TMPRSS2、TSLP、TY、BCL2、BCL6、BCR、CAMTA1、CBFB、CCNB3、CCND1、CIC、CRFL2、DUSP22、EPC1、FOXO1、FUS、GLI1、GLIS2、HMGA2、JAZF1、KMT2A、MALT1、MEAF6、MECOM、MKL1、MKL2、MTB、NCOA2、NUP214、NUP98、PAX5、PDGFB、PICALM、PLAG1、RBM15、RUNX1、RUNX1T1、SS18、STAT6、TAF15、TAL1、TCF12、TCF3、TFG、TYK2、USP6、YWHAE、AR、BRCA1、BRCA2、CDKN2A、ERB84、FLT3、KRAS、MDM4、MYBL1、NF1、NOTCH4、NUTM1、PRKACA、PRKACB、PTEN、RAD51B、和RB1。
在一些实施例中,靶核酸是参与表观遗传修饰诸如DNA甲基化的一种或多种基因或基因组区。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是参与基因组维持或错配修复的一种或多种基因。在一些实施例中,靶核酸包括表现出微卫星不稳定性(MSI)的微卫星位点。在一些实施例中,靶核酸包括参与错配修复的一种或多种基因,已知其在突变时赋予微卫星不稳定性(MSI)表型。
在一些实施例中,靶标核酸是RNA(包括mRNA)。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是例如通过逆转录衍生自RNA的cDNA。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是DNA,包括细胞DNA或无细胞DNA(cfDNA),包括循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)和无细胞胎儿DNA。靶标核酸可以以短形式或长形式存在。在一些实施例中,较长的靶核酸通过如下所述的酶促或物理处理而片段化。在一些实施例中,靶核酸是天然片段化的DNA,例如,包括循环细胞游离DNA(cfDNA)或化学降解的DNA,诸如在化学保存的或古老样品中发现的一种。
本发明涉及使用靶向样品中感兴趣的核酸(靶核酸)的杂交探针。杂交探针是单链或双链核酸。在一些实施例中,探针是多于一个,例如,多达10个、或10-100个探针、或100-500个探针、或500-1,000个、或1,000-10,000个探针的池。在一些实施例中,每个靶标基因座,即感兴趣的基因或区,存在一个探针。在其他实施例中,存在多个探针,例如2-10个、或10-100个探针、或100-500个探针,覆盖相同的感兴趣的基因或区。提供许多生物体特异性杂交探针和探针池,包括定制探针和探针池。通常,杂交探针是通过包括扩增的工作流程制造的,例如通过PCR或非指数扩增方法。为此,探针包含扩增引物结合位点,诸如例如通用引物结合位点。
本发明涉及使用对扩增引物结合位点诸如例如探针中的通用引物结合位点特异的增强子寡核苷酸。这些增强子寡核苷酸不同于目前可用的“通用增强子寡核苷酸”(例如,作为KAPA HyperCap工作流程的一部分)。现有的通用增强子寡核苷酸结合文库分子中的衔接子序列。相反,本发明的增强子寡核苷酸设计为结合杂交探针中的引物结合位点。(图1B)。在一些实施例中,添加四个增强子寡核苷酸,每个与正向和反向引物结合位点互补,并且与双链探针寡核苷酸中的正向和反向引物结合位点反向互补,如图1B中所示。在其他实施例中,例如,当探针是单链时,添加少于四个的上述增强子寡核苷酸。
在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸具有与引物结合位点相同的长度。在其他实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸比引物结合位点更短或更长。本领域技术人员能够确定增强子寡核苷酸的最佳长度,使得在给定的杂交条件(例如,靶富集中使用的条件)下,增强子寡核苷酸与杂交探针中的引物结合位点形成稳定的杂交体,从而实现本文描述的所需杂交增强。
鉴于取决于所使用的增强子寡核苷酸的数目,需要一个与四个之间的增强子寡核苷酸来结合每个双链杂交探针的事实,本领域技术人员还能够计算增强子寡核苷酸与杂交探针之间的期望比例。在一些实施例中,探针与增强子寡核苷酸的摩尔比为1∶4。在其他实施例中,添加摩尔过量的增强子寡核苷酸,使得探针与增强子寡核苷酸的摩尔比为1∶6、1∶8、1∶10或更高。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸的终浓度为约0.2mM、0.02mM、0.002mM或0.0002mM。作为一般规则,相对于探针摩尔过量的增强子寡核苷酸可能是有益的。
优化增强子寡核苷酸的设计以在靶标富集工艺中采用的杂交条件下具有所需的解链温度(Tm)可能是有益的。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸的预测Tm通过实验或使用手动计算或任何可用于该目的的计算机工具来确定。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸的所需Tm高于靶富集中采用的杂交条件中使用的孵育温度。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸的所需Tm高于假设的探针-探针杂合体的Tm或高于双链探针的Tm。为了实现如此高的Tm,在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含选自以下的一种或多种修饰的核苷酸或核苷酸修饰:例如,5-甲基胞嘧啶、2,6-二氨基嘌呤、5-羟基丁炔基-2′-脱氧尿苷、8-氮杂-7-脱氮鸟苷、核糖核苷酸、2′O-甲基核糖核苷酸或锁核酸。
增强子寡核苷酸的长度也影响解链温度。引物结合位点更通常为约10-20个核苷酸长,但也可以为约10个与约40个之间的核苷酸长。增强子寡核苷酸的长度不必与待封闭的引物结合位点的长度完全匹配。例如,增强子寡核苷酸可以是比引物结合位点短的一个或多个核苷酸,以在增强子寡核苷酸的一侧或两侧被封闭。
增强子寡核苷酸也不必与待封闭的引物结合位点完全互补。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸与待封闭的引物结合位点小于100%互补,例如>90%、80-90%或70-80%互补。
在一些实施例中,样品中的核酸以文库的形式存在。在一些实施例中,文库由生物体的基因组DNA形成。在此类实施例中,文库是基因组文库。该文库由多个经过修饰的核酸组成,以实现下游应用,诸如测序、扩增或其他类型的检测方法。文库由样品中的多种核酸形成,例如通过向样品中的多种核酸添加一种或多种共同元件。
在一些实施例中,文库是通过将共同衔接子分子添加至样品中核酸的一端或两端而形成的。各种形状和功能的衔接子在本领域中是已知的(参见,例如,2019年2月28日提交的PCT/EP2019/05515、US8822150和US8455193)。在一些实施例中,衔接子包含某些元件,诸如核酸条形码、引物结合位点和连接使能位点。衔接子包括选自以下的至少一种元件:条形码、引物结合位点和连接使能位点。衔接子可以是双链的、部分单链的或单链的。在一些实施例中,使用Y形、发夹衔接子或茎环衔接子,其中衔接子的双链部分连接至如本文所描述的形成的双链核酸。在一些实施例中,衔接子为在体外合成的人工序列。在另一些实施例中,衔接子为体外合成的天然存在的序列。在其他实施例中,衔接子为分离的天然存在的分子或分离的非天然存在的分子。
在一些实施例中,通过延伸与样品中的多个核酸退火的含有衔接子序列的引物来添加衔接子。这种引物被称为“加尾引物”。加尾引物包含含有衔接子序列的靶杂交3’-部分和非杂交5′-尾。在一些实施例中,靶杂交序列对文库中的一种核酸是特异性的,例如基因特异性的。在一些实施例中,靶杂交序列对一种类型的核酸例如poly-T序列是特异性的。在一些实施例中,靶杂交序列是随机的,例如随机六聚体核苷酸序列。在与样品中的核酸杂交的加尾引物延伸后,核酸形成经衔接的核酸的文库。
在一些实施例中,通过连接将衔接子添加至样品中多个核酸中的每一个的末端。在一些实施例中,衔接子是具有突出端或具有平末端的双链或部分双链衔接子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,双链DNA可包含平末端,平末端连接可应用于该平末端以连接平末端衔接子。在其他实施例中,平末端的DNA经历A加尾,其中单个A核苷酸被添加到平末端的3′端。对应的衔接子被设计为具有从平末端的3′端延伸的单个T核苷酸,以促进DNA与衔接子之间的连接。用于执行衔接子连接的可商购试剂盒包括AVENIO ctDNA文库制备试剂盒、或KAPAHyperPrep和HyperPlus试剂盒(罗氏测序解决方案公司,普莱森顿,加州)。在一些实施例中,衔接子连接的(经衔接的)文库核酸可以与样品中过量的衔接子和未连接的核酸分离。
在一些实施例中,存在于文库核酸中的衔接子用于对核酸进行测序。通过大规模平行测序分析单个分子通常需要单独级别的条形码化来进行样品识别和纠错。分子条形码的使用,例如美国专利第7,393,665号、第8,168,385号、第8,481,292号、第8,685,678号和第8,722,368号中所描述的。将独特的分子条形码添加到每个待测序的分子以标记分子及其后代(例如,原始分子及其通过PCR生成的扩增子)。独特的分子标识符条形码(UID)(也称为独特的分子标识符(UMI))具有多种用途,包括计数样品中原始靶标分子的数目和纠错(Newman,A.,等人,(2014)An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulatingtumor DNA with broad patient coverage,Nature Medicine doi:10.1038/nm.3519)。
在一些实施例中,独特的分子条形码(UID)用于测序错误校正。单个靶分子的整个子代都用相同的条形码标记,并形成条形码家族。未被条形码化家族的所有成员共享的序列中的变异被作为假象丢弃。条形码还可用于位置去重(positional deduplication)和靶标量化,因为整个家族代表原始样品中的单个分子(Newman,A.,等人.,(2016)Integrateddigital error suppression for improved detection of circulating tumor DNA,Nature Biotechnology 34:547)。
在本发明的一些实施例中,连接到条形码化靶核酸的一端或两端的衔接子包含一个或多个用于测序的条形码。条形码可以是UID或多重样品ID(MID或SID),用于识别在混合的(多重)样品情况下的样品来源。条形码也可以是UID和MID的组合。在一些实施例中,将单个条形码用作UID和MID。在一些实施例中,每个条形码包括预定义序列。在其他实施例中,条形码包括随机序列。在本发明的一些实施例中,条形码的长度在约4-20个碱基之间,从而将96个到384个不同的衔接子添加到人类基因组样品中,每个衔接子具有不同的相同条形码对。在一些实施例中,反应中UID的数量可以超过待标记的分子的数量。普通技术人员会认识到条形码的数量取决于样品的复杂性(矽,唯一靶标分子的预期数量),并且将能够为每个实验创建合适数量的条形码。
在一些实施例中,本发明是富集存在于还包含非靶核酸的样品或反应混合物中的一种或多种靶核酸的改进方法。本发明包括使样品或反应混合物与一种或多种与靶核酸特异性杂交的探针接触。更具体地,本发明包括改进的探针混合物的使用。改进的探针混合物包含两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,例如多种探针寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,多种探针包含少于2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10或10-100种探针,或100-500种探针,或500-1,000种,或1,000-10,000种探针。探针混合物中的一种或多种探针包括扩增引物结合区。改进的探针混合物进一步包含能够与探针中的引物结合区杂交的杂交增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,探针混合物含有与至少一个引物结合区杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,探针混合物包含能够与探针中的第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区杂交的增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,探针混合物中探针与增强子寡核苷酸的摩尔比被优化以实现阻断而不使探针与另外的杂交位点诸如部分互补位点发生交叉反应。在一些实施例中,探针寡核苷酸与增强子寡核苷酸的摩尔比是1:2、1:4、1:8或更高。
该方法进一步包括在杂交条件下孵育包含靶核酸、非靶核酸、探针和增强子寡核苷酸的反应混合物,以及与探针杂交的靶核酸与未杂交的核酸分离。
在一些实施例中,包括靶核酸、非靶核酸、两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸和一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸的混合物中的核酸是单链的。在一些实施例中,包括靶核酸、非靶核酸、两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸和一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸的混合物中核酸中的至少一种是双链的,并且该方法包括在影响核酸变性的条件下孵育样品或反应混合物的初步步骤。核酸的变性可以通过升高的温度、碱或其组合来实现。
在一些实施例中,本文描述的靶富集程序在生物体的基因组DNA上进行。在一些实施例中,在本文描述的靶富集程序之前将生物体的基因组DNA转化成基因组文库。在一些实施例中,在本文描述的靶富集程序之前,基因组DNA或基因组DNA文库被去除重复序列。
在一些实施例中,通过本文所述的靶富集方法从基因组DNA或基因组DNA文库中去除重复序列,即,将利用本文所述的改进的探针混合物的杂交程序应用于能够与生物体的基因组中的重复序列杂交的探针。
在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括在杂交后,从反应混合物中去除任何未杂交的核酸或任何单链核酸。在一些实施例中,通过捕获去除未杂交的或单链核酸。在一些实施例中,杂交探针包含能够捕获与探针杂交的样品核酸的捕获部分(例如,生物素)。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种经济的对核酸进行测序方法,包括使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与组合物接触,所述组合物包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;在杂交条件下孵育混合物;捕获杂交的靶核酸并仅对捕获的核酸进行测序。在一些实施例中,经济的测序方法应用于生物体的基因组DNA。在一些实施例中,在测序程序之前将生物体的基因组DNA转化为基因组文库。
在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括在测序之前扩增富集的核酸。在一些实施例中,测序之前的扩增利用存在于文库核酸的衔接子中的通用引物结合位点。
在一些实施例中,本发明包括扩增核酸的步骤。在一些实施例中,扩增在测序步骤之前发生。在一些实施例中,扩增在靶富集步骤之前发生。在一些实施例中,扩增发生在靶富集步骤之后但在测序步骤之前。扩增利用上游引物和下游引物。在一些实施例中,两种引物均为靶特异性引物,即包含与甲基化生物标志物的靶序列互补的序列的引物。在一些实施例中,一种或两种引物未通用引物。在一些实施例中,通用引物结合位点存在于连接至如本文所述测序的靶的衔接子中。在一些实施例中,通用引物结合位点存在于靶特异性引物的5′区(尾部)。因此,在用带尾的靶特异性引物进行一轮或多轮引物延伸后,通用引物可用于后续几轮扩增。在一些实施例中,通用引物与另一种通用引物(具有相同或不同序列)配对。在其他实施例中,通用引物与靶特异性引物配对。
在一些实施例中,对通过本文所述的方法富集的核酸进行测序。可利用多种测序技术或测序分析中的任何一种。如本文所用,术语“新一代测序(NGS)”指允许克隆扩增的分子和单个核酸分子大规模平行测序的测序方法。
适合与本文公开的方法一起使用的测序测定的非限制性实例包括纳米孔测序(美国专利公开第2013/0244340号、第2013/0264207、2014/0134616号、第2015/0119259号和第2015/0337366号)、桑格测序、毛细管阵列测序、热循环测序(Sears等人,Biotechniques,13:626-633(1992))、固相测序(Zimmerman等人,Methods Mol.Cell Biol.,3:39-42(1992))、用诸如基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱的质谱法测序(MALDI-TOF/MS;Fu等人,Nature Biotech.,16:381-384(1998))、通过杂交测序(Drmanac等人,NatureBiotech.,16:54-58(1998)),和NGS方法,包括但不限于通过合成测序(例如,HiSeqTM、MiSeqTM或Genome Analyzer,均可从Illumina获得)、通过连接测序(例如SOLiDTM、LifeTechnologies)、离子半导体测序(例如,Ion TorrentTM、Life Technologies)和测序(例如Pacific Biosciences)。
市售的测序技术包括Affymetrix有限公司(加利福尼亚州森尼维耳市)的边杂交边测序平台、Illumina/Solexa(加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥市)和Helicos Biosciences(马萨诸塞州坎布里奇市)的边合成边测序平台、Applied Biosystems(加利福尼亚州福斯特城)的边连接边测序平台。其他测序技术包括但不限于Ion Torrent技术(ThermoFisherScientific)以及纳米孔测序(Genia Technology from Roche Sequencing Solutions,Santa Clara,Cal.)和Oxford Nanopore Technologies(Oxford,UK)。
在一些实施例中,测序步骤涉及序列分析。在一些实施例中,使用比对从多个序列(例如,具有相同独特的分子ID(UID)的多个序列)中确定共有序列。分子ID是条形码,可以在测序之前添加到每个分子,或如果包括扩增步骤,则在扩增步骤之前添加到每个分子。在一些实施例中,UID存在于RT引物的5’部分。同样,UID可以出现在要添加到复合条形码的最后一个条形码亚基的5’端。在其他实施例中,UID存在于衔接子中并通过连接添加到靶核酸的一端或两端。
在一些实施例中,共有序列是从全部具有相同UID的多个序列中确定的。推定具有相同UID的序列通过扩增源自相同的原始分子。在其他实施例中,UID用于消除伪象,即存在于单个分子后代中的变异(以特定UID为特征)。源自PCR误差或测序误差的此类伪象可以使用UID消除。
在一些实施例中,样品中每个序列的数量可以通过量化具有相同多重样品ID(MID)的群体中每个UID的序列的相对数量来量化。每个UID代表原始样品中的单个分子,且计数与每个序列变体相关的不同UID可以确定每个序列变体在原始样品中的比例,其中所有分子共享相同的MID。本领域技术人员将能够确定为确定共有序列所必需的序列读出的数量。在一些实施例中,为了准确的定量结果,每个UID(“序列深度”)都需要读取相关数量。在一些实施例中,期望的深度是每个UID 5-50次读取。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种用于核酸杂交的组合物,其包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,组合物由样品与包含能够在杂交条件下与多种核酸靶标特异性杂交的多种探针寡核苷酸的探针混合物接触而产生。探针混合物进一步包含增强子寡核苷酸,所述增强子寡核苷酸包含能够与第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区杂交的寡核苷酸的混合物。在本发明范围内设想了增强子寡核苷酸的各种混合物。例如,能够与第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区的每条链杂交的寡核苷酸。增强子寡核苷酸可以是四种寡核苷酸的混合物,各寡核苷酸能够与第一或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链之一杂交。增强子寡核苷酸还可以是多于四种寡核苷酸的混合物,其可分为四组,每组寡核苷酸能够与第一或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链中的之一杂交。
在一些实施例中,组合物中的至少一些核酸是双链的。在一些实施例中,包括靶核酸和非靶核酸、探针和增强子寡核苷酸的组合物中的所有核酸都是单链的。
在一些实施例中,本发明是用于核酸靶富集的组合物,其包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含能够与待富集的核酸杂交的靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。组合物中的探针寡核苷酸能够在杂交条件下与存在于与非靶核酸的混合物中的多个待富集核酸靶特异性杂交。在一些实施例中,所述组合物进一步包含靶核酸与非靶核酸的混合物。在一些实施例中,组合物中存在的靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物是生物体的基因组DNA。在一些实施例中,组合物中存在的靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物是源自生物体的基因组的基因组DNA文库。
在一些实施例中,样品核酸与捕获探针之间的杂交发生在溶液中。在其他实施例中,杂交发生在固体支持物上,例如表面或载玻片或颗粒诸如珠子。在该实施例中,杂交探针共价或非共价连接至固体支持物。在一些实施例中,探针通过探针中存在的捕获部分(例如,生物素)连接至固体支持物。在一些实施例中,探针通过探针中的序列与共价或非共价连接至固体支持物的捕获寡核苷酸杂交而连接至固体支持物。样品核酸存在于与固体支持物接触的溶液中。在一些实施例中,探针通过引物结合位点连接至固体支持物。在这种情况下,本发明的增强子寡核苷酸可以用于从固体支持物上洗脱探针或探针靶复合物。
在其他实施例中,样品核酸(即,文库核酸)共价或非共价连接至固体支持物(例如,通过存在于衔接子或文库分子的另一部分中的捕获部分)并且探针存在于与固体支持物接触的溶液中。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种反应混合物,其包含:包括靶核酸和非靶核酸的多种核酸;两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;以及能够与引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,反应混合物包含能够在杂交条件下与存在于与非靶核酸的混合物中的多种核酸靶特异性杂交的多种探针寡核苷酸。在一些实施例中,反应混合物含有生物体的基因组DNA或来自该生物体的基因组文库。在一些实施例中,反应混合物中的所有核酸都是单链的。在一些实施例中,反应混合物中的所有核酸都是双链的。在一些实施例中,各探针上有四个引物结合区,并且增强子寡核苷酸结合到所有四个引物结合区。在一些实施例中,增强子寡核苷酸包含四种寡核苷酸的混合物,各寡核苷酸能够与第一引物结合区或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链中的之一杂交;或者增强子寡核苷酸包含多于四种寡核苷酸的混合物,其可分为四组,每组寡核苷酸能够与第一引物结合区或第二引物结合区的Watson链或Crick链中的之一杂交。在一些实施例中,反应混合物包含生物体的基因组DNA。在一些实施例中,反应混合物包含由生物体的基因组DNA形成的基因组文库。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种试剂盒,其包括用于在增强子寡核苷酸存在下通过杂交进行靶捕获的组件和工具。在一些实施例中,试剂盒包括一种或多种杂交探针的等分试样(各自在单独的小瓶中或作为一个或多个探针池)和一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸的等分试样(各自在单独的小瓶中或作为两种或更多种增强子寡核苷酸的混合物)。在一些实施例中,试剂盒进一步包括用于进行杂交和一次或多次杂交后洗涤的溶液和缓冲液。在一些实施例中,试剂盒进一步包括用于核酸的中间纯化的试剂,所述试剂包括捕获颗粒(例如,磁性或顺磁性颗粒)洗涤缓冲液和磁体。
在一些实施例中,试剂盒进一步包括用于通过杂交进行靶捕获的上游步骤的试剂和工具。在一些实施例中,试剂盒包括用于从样品中的核酸预测文库的试剂。文库制备试剂包括对于A加尾以及衔接子与样品核酸的连接所必需的DNA连接酶、DNA聚合酶、衔接子、和缓冲液中的一种或多种。
在一些实施例中,试剂盒进一步包括用于通过杂交进行靶捕获下游步骤的试剂和工具。在一些实施例中,试剂盒包括用于捕获的核酸的分离、扩增和测序的试剂。
在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括基于患者的基因组中的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态来评定受试者(例如,患者)的疾病或病症。
突变状态选自无突变(野生型序列),以及选自以下突变类型的一种或多种突变:包括至少一种单核苷酸变异(SNV)、至少一种拷贝数变异(CNV)(包括序列的缺失、重复或更高级的扩增)、易位或融合。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种方法,包括通过本文所述的方法富集患者的核酸;在富集的核酸中确定已知为疾病或病症的生物标志物的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测或诊断患者中的疾病或病症。在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括基于从患者样品中富集的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态来选择或改变治疗。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种针对患者或受试者中癌性肿瘤的存在情况进行诊断或筛查的方法。在一些实施例中,本发明包括通过本文所述的方法富集患者的核酸;在富集的核酸中确定已知指示癌性肿瘤的存在情况的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测患者中癌性肿瘤的存在情况。在一些实施例中,该方法进一步包括基于通过本文所述的方法从患者样品中富集的一个或多个遗传基因座的突变状态来选择或改变靶向癌性肿瘤的治疗。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种监测肿瘤生长或缩小的方法,该方法包括:周期性地从患者进行循环游离DNA(cfDNA)采样,富集cfDNA中的一个或多个靶序列并测量靶序列中含有一种或多种突变类型的cfDNA的量的变化,其中这种突变的无细胞DNA的水平的增加指示肿瘤生长,而这种突变的无细胞DNA的水平的降低指示肿瘤缩小。
在一些实施例中,本发明是监测患者或受试者中癌症治疗的有效性的方法,该方法包括:周期性地从患者进行循环游离DNA(cfDNA)采样,富集cfDNA中的一个或多个靶序列并测量靶序列中含有一种或多种突变类型的cfDNA的量的变化,其中这种突变无细胞DNA的水平的增加指示肿瘤生长和治疗的无效,而这种突变无细胞DNA的水平的降低指示肿瘤缩小和治疗的有效,并且这种突变无细胞DNA的稳定水平指示疾病稳定和治疗的有效。
在一些实施例中,本发明是一种诊断治疗后癌症患者中微小残留病(MRD)的方法。美国国家癌症研究所将MRD定义为在治疗期间或治疗后当患者没有疾病体征或症状时残留在体内的极少数癌细胞。在一些实施例中,本发明是一种诊断MRD的方法,该方法包括从患者获得循环游离DNA(cfDNA),富集cfDNA中的一种或多种靶序列并在富集的cfDNA中检测肿瘤的一种或多种突变类型特征,其中这种突变无细胞DNA的存在指示患者中MRD的存在。
实例
实例1.靶捕获中的增强子寡核苷酸
在此实验中,KAPA HyperCap工作流程(v3.0,可从Roche Sequencing Solutions,Inc.Pleasanton,Cal.获得)的探针杂交步骤在杂交增强子寡核苷酸存在的情况下进行。
为了准备杂交,将130μL KAPA HyperPure Beads添加到每个含有DNA样品库(由连接到衔接子的剪切的人类基因组DNA组成)和COT人类DNA混合物的试管中。通过涡旋10秒充分混合混合物并离心。将混合物在室温下孵育10分钟,以确保DNA样品库和COT人类DNA与珠子结合。将样品放置在磁铁上以收集珠子,直到液体澄清。除去并丢弃上清液。将样品保持在磁体上,加入200μL新鲜制备的80%乙醇,并在室温下孵育样品≥30秒。除去并丢弃乙醇而不干扰珠子。让残余的乙醇在室温下蒸发。
杂交主混液制备如下:
接下来,将43μL杂交主混液添加到重悬于含有阻断剂寡核苷酸的溶液中的珠子结合DNA混合物中,该阻断剂寡核苷酸设计用于与连接到文库分子的衔接子结合。将反应混合物充分混合,离心并在室温下孵育2分钟。将样品放置在磁体上以收集珠子并孵育直至液体澄清。然后,将56.4μL的洗脱液(整个体积)转移到含有4μL的KAPA靶富集探针(生物素化的120-nt探针池)和本发明的增强子寡核苷酸的新管中。相对于杂交混合物的最终体积,增强子寡核苷酸以四种不同的浓度添加:0.234mM、0.0234mM、0.00234mM和0.000234mM。对照反应不含增强子寡核苷酸。(图2A和图2B)。
通过涡旋10秒将反应混合物充分混合并离心。使用以下程序在热循环仪中进行杂交,其中盖子温度设置为105℃、95℃持续5分钟,设置为55℃过夜。
根据KAPA HyperCap工作流程v3.0制造商的建议对杂交的DNA进行洗涤、回收和扩增。扩增的DNA在Illumina仪器上进行测序。
测序结果如图2A和2B所示。图2A:本发明的dsDNA探针增强子寡核苷酸以剂量依赖性方式改善了捕获均匀性。80倍碱基罚分定义为使80%的碱基达到平均覆盖深度所需的额外测序倍数,因此较低的80倍碱基罚分指示捕获均匀性更好。图2B:包含dsDNA探针增强子寡核苷酸导致测序数据中总重复率较低,呈剂量依赖性方式。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于核酸杂交的组合物,所述组合物包含:
a.两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;
b.能够与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所有所述探针寡核苷酸具有相同的第一引物结合区和相同的第二引物结合区。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述增强子寡核苷酸包含能够与所述第一引物结合区和所述第二引物结合区杂交的寡核苷酸的混合物。
4.一种用于核酸靶富集的组合物,所述组合物包含:
a.两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;
b.能够与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中所有所述探针寡核苷酸具有相同的第一引物结合区和相同的第二引物结合区。
6.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中所述增强子寡核苷酸包含能够与所述第一引物结合区和所述第二引物结合区杂交的寡核苷酸的混合物。
7.一种富集靶核酸的方法,所述方法包括:
a.使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与组合物接触,所述组合物包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,以及与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;
b.在杂交条件下孵育所述混合物;以及
c.将探针结合的靶核酸与未结合的核酸分离。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物构成由生物体的基因组DNA形成的文库,
其中所述文库包含从所述生物体分离的核酸,各核酸与至少一个衔接子核酸缀合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述文库中的各核酸与两个衔接子核酸缀合。
10.一种对核酸进行测序的方法,所述方法包括:
a.使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与组合物接触,所述组合物包含:两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,以及与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;
b.在杂交条件下孵育所述混合物;
c.捕获在探针与所述靶核酸之间形成的杂交体以获得富集的核酸,
d.对所述富集的核酸进行测序。
11.一种反应混合物,其包含:
a.多种核酸,其包括靶核酸和非靶核酸;
b.两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;
c.能够与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸,
其中所有所述探针寡核苷酸具有相同的第一引物结合区和相同的第二引物结合区。
12.一种评定患者中的疾病或病症的方法,所述方法包括:
a.提供来自患者的含有核酸的样品,
b.通过根据权利要求7所述的方法来富集所述样品中的靶核酸,c.在富集的靶核酸中确定已知为所述疾病或病症的生物标志物的一种或多种遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测所述患者中的所述疾病或病症。
13.一种针对患者中癌性肿瘤的存在情况进行诊断或筛查的方法,所述方法包括:
a.提供来自患者的含有核酸的样品,
b.通过根据权利要求7所述的方法来富集所述样品中的靶核酸,
c.在富集的核酸中确定已知指示癌性肿瘤的存在情况的一种或多种遗传基因座的突变状态,由此检测所述患者中所述癌性肿瘤的存在情况。
14.一种监测肿瘤生长或缩小的方法,所述方法包括:
a.周期性地从患者进行循环游离DNA(cfDNA)采样,
b.通过根据权利要求7所述的方法来富集所述cfDNA中的一种或多种靶序列,
c.检测含有已知在癌性肿瘤中突变的所述靶序列中的一个或多个突变的突变的cfDNA的量的变化,其中此类突变的cfDNA的水平的增加指示肿瘤生长,而此类突变的cfDNA的水平的降低指示肿瘤缩小。
15.一种诊断癌症患者中的微小残留病(MRD)的方法,所述方法包括:
a.从患者获得循环游离DNA(cfDNA),
b.通过根据权利要求7所述的方法来富集所述cfDNA中的一种或多种靶序列,
c.在富集的cfDNA中检测已知在癌性肿瘤中突变的一种或多种遗传基因座的突变状态,其中突变的cfDNA的存在指示所述患者中MRD的存在。
16.一种用于核酸的改进的杂交的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括:
a.一种或多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区;
b.能够与所述引物结合区中的至少一者杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸。
17.一种富集靶核酸的方法,所述方法包括:
a.使靶核酸和非靶核酸的混合物与包含以下的组合物接触:
i.两种或更多种探针寡核苷酸,各探针寡核苷酸包含靶结合区以及第一引物结合区和第二引物结合区,其中所述第一引物结合区与附着于固体支持物的捕获寡核苷酸杂交;
ii.与所述第二引物结合区杂交的一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸;
b.在杂交条件下孵育所述混合物;
c.使所述混合物与一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸在适于将所述第一引物结合区与所述捕获寡核苷酸解离的条件下接触,由此将探针结合的靶核酸与未结合的核酸分离,所述一种或多种增强子寡核苷酸与所述第一引物结合区杂交。
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