CN117701313B - 一种石油化工助剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种石油化工助剂及其制备方法,属于石油化工技术领域。包括聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂和溶剂,所述聚合物乳化剂由烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2‑丙烯酰胺‑2‑甲基丙磺酸制备而成。本发明制备的石油化工助剂能够提高汽柴油的燃烧性性能,加入柴油中混合均匀能够制备乳化柴油,乳化效果好,不会发生柴油分层,燃料燃烧特性和排放特性优于普通柴油,特别是烟度排放下降明显,烟度排放可下降95%以上,不伤害发动机,不增加油耗,具有清洁性、抗氧化性和低腐蚀性,促进柴油充分燃烧,积碳减少,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油化工技术领域,具体涉及一种石油化工助剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
遍及国内的发电、冶炼、交通车辆等工业领域都以柴油作为能源,然而使用普通柴油的最大缺点就是燃烧不充分,大量的柴油能源没有燃烧充分便以黑烟的形式排放而流失,不仅对环境造成很大的污染,而且对自然资源是一大浪费。
为了解决这一问题,世界各国都在研究如何让柴油能燃烧充分,使其发挥更大的作用,而解决这一问题很好的途径就是给普通柴油中添加由各种化学成份组成的乳化助剂,再用水和柴油配制成乳化柴油。水和油由于互不相溶而形成界面,为了尽量缩小接触面积和降低体系能量,水与油混合时形成了分开的两层。为了使乳化柴油达到理想的乳化效果,需要一个合适的掺水乳化剂,此外还需要解决普通柴油、乳化助剂与水的配制比例以及配制乳化柴油的方法等问题,这些都是困扰目前乳化柴油发展研究的重大难题问题,也正是由于这些难题,使得乳化柴油的研究难以取得实质性的进展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种石油化工助剂及其制备方法,能够提高汽柴油的燃烧性性能,加入柴油中混合均匀能够制备乳化柴油,乳化效果好,不会发生柴油分层,燃料燃烧特性和排放特性优于普通柴油,特别是烟度排放下降明显,烟度排放可下降95%以上,不伤害发动机,不增加油耗,具有清洁性、抗氧化性和低腐蚀性,促进柴油充分燃烧,积碳减少,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种石油化工助剂,包括聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂和溶剂,所述聚合物乳化剂由烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸制备而成。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂和溶剂的质量比为15-20:10-15:20-25:30-50。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述助燃剂选自甲基苯骈三氮唑、十二烷基二甲基叔胺、十四烷基二甲基叔胺、十六烷基二甲基叔胺中的至少一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述燃油洁净剂选自乙基四胺、二苯胺中的至少一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为3-5:10:3-5。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为30-225:66-89:21-36:27-39。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚的化学式为CH2=CHCH2O(PO)m(EO)nCH2(CHCH2)O,平均分子量为300-1500。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述聚合物乳化剂的制备方法如下:
S1.将烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为30-35wt%的水溶液;
S2.惰性气体保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入引发剂,加热搅拌反应,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述加热搅拌反应的温度为50-70℃,时间为3-5h,所述引发剂选自过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的至少一种。
本发明进一步保护一种上述石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向溶剂中加入聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂,加热至50-70℃,搅拌混合0.5-1h,5000-7000r/min乳化10-15min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明制备的石油化工助剂能够提高汽柴油的燃烧性性能,加入柴油中混合均匀能够制备乳化柴油,乳化效果好,不会发生柴油分层,燃料燃烧特性和排放特性优于普通柴油,特别是烟度排放下降明显,烟度排放可下降95%以上,不伤害发动机,不增加油耗,具有清洁性、抗氧化性和低腐蚀性,促进柴油充分燃烧,积碳减少,具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚的化学式为CH2=CHCH2O(PO)m(EO)nCH2(CHCH2)O,平均分子量为300-1500,购于武汉市聚舜化工有限公司。
制备例1 聚合物乳化剂的制备
方法如下:
S1.将30重量份烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、66重量份十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、21重量份丙烯酰胺和27重量份2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为30wt%的水溶液;
S2.氮气保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入过硫酸铵,添加量为体系总质量的0.1wt%,加热至50℃,搅拌反应3h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
制备例2 聚合物乳化剂的制备
方法如下:
S1.将225重量份烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、89重量份十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、36重量份丙烯酰胺、39重量份2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为35wt%的水溶液;
S2.氮气保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入过硫酸钠,添加量为体系总质量的0.1wt%,加热至70℃,搅拌反应5h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
制备例3 聚合物乳化剂的制备
方法如下:
S1.将155重量份烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、72重量份十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、30重量份丙烯酰胺和32重量份2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为32wt%的水溶液;
S2.氮气保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入过硫酸钾,添加量为体系总质量的0.1wt%,加热至60℃,搅拌反应4h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
对比制备例1
与制备例3相比,不同之处在于,未添加烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚。
具体如下:
S1.将72重量份十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、30重量份丙烯酰胺和32重量份2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为32wt%的水溶液;
S2.氮气保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入过硫酸钾,添加量为体系总质量的0.1wt%,加热至60℃,搅拌反应4h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
对比制备例2
与制备例3相比,不同之处在于,未添加十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵。
具体如下:
S1.将155重量份烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、30重量份丙烯酰胺和32重量份2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为32wt%的水溶液;
S2.氮气保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入过硫酸钾,添加量为体系总质量的0.1wt%,加热至60℃,搅拌反应4h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向30重量份溶剂中加入15重量份制备例1制得的聚合物乳化剂、10重量份十二烷基二甲基叔胺、20重量份乙基四胺,加热至50℃,搅拌混合0.5h,5000r/min乳化10min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为3:10:3。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向50重量份溶剂中加入20重量份制备例2制得的聚合物乳化剂、15重量份十四烷基二甲基叔胺、25重量份乙基四胺,加热至70℃,搅拌混合1h,7000r/min乳化15min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为5:10:5。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入17重量份制备例3制得的聚合物乳化剂、12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为4:10:4。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入17重量份制备例3制得的聚合物乳化剂、12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为1:10:1。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入17重量份制备例3制得的聚合物乳化剂、12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为10:10:10。
对比例1
与实施例3相比,不同之处在于,聚合物乳化剂由对比制备例1制得。
具体如下:
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入17重量份对比制备例1制得的聚合物乳化剂、12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为4:10:4。
对比例2
与实施例3相比,不同之处在于,聚合物乳化剂由对比制备例2制得。
具体如下:
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入17重量份对比制备例2制得的聚合物乳化剂、12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为4:10:4。
对比例3
与实施例3相比,不同之处在于,未添加聚合物乳化剂。
具体如下:
本实施例提供一种石油化工助剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:向40重量份溶剂中加入12重量份甲基苯骈三氮唑、22重量份二苯胺,加热至60℃,搅拌混合1h,6000r/min乳化12min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为4:10:4。
测试例1
将本发明实施例1-5和对比例1-3制得的石油化工助剂分别加入200号重油和250号重油中,添加量为0.15g/kg,测试CO排放量,评估其燃烧效率。结果见表1。
表1
由上表可知,添加本发明石油化工助剂后,能够明显提高重油的燃烧效率,CO排放量明显降低。
测试例2
向柴油中添加200ppm的本发明实施例1-5和对比例1-3制得的石油化工助剂,测试柴油十六烷值,结果见表2。
表2
组别 | 柴油十六烷值 |
实施例1 | 57 |
实施例2 | 58 |
实施例3 | 60 |
实施例4 | 55 |
实施例5 | 56 |
对比例1 | 53 |
对比例2 | 51 |
对比例3 | 48 |
未添加助剂 | 46 |
由上表可知,添加本发明石油化工助剂后,能够明显提高柴油的十六烷值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高柴油燃烧性能的石油化工助剂,其特征在于,包括聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂和溶剂,所述聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂和溶剂的质量比为15-20:10-15:20-25:30-50;所述聚合物乳化剂由烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸制备而成,所述烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸的质量比为30-225:66-89:21-36:27-39;
所述助燃剂选自甲基苯骈三氮唑、十二烷基二甲基叔胺、十四烷基二甲基叔胺、十六烷基二甲基叔胺中的至少一种;
所述燃油洁净剂选自乙基四胺、二苯胺中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述石油化工助剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂为水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和碳酸二甲酯的混合物,体积比为3-5:10:3-5。
3.根据权利要求1所述石油化工助剂,其特征在于,所述聚合物乳化剂的制备方法如下:
S1.将烯丙基聚氧烷基环氧基醚、十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸溶于水中,配制成单体总质量浓度为30-35wt%的水溶液;
S2.惰性气体保护下,向步骤S1中体系加入引发剂,加热搅拌反应,过滤,洗涤,干燥,粉碎,制得聚合物乳化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述石油化工助剂,其特征在于,所述加热搅拌反应的温度为50-70℃,时间为3-5h,所述引发剂选自过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵中的至少一种。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任何一项所述石油化工助剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:向溶剂中加入聚合物乳化剂、助燃剂、燃油洁净剂,加热至50-70℃,搅拌混合0.5-1h,5000-7000r/min乳化10-15min,过滤,制得石油化工助剂。
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