CN117695362A - 一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和应用,该药物组合物由白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝组成,制备方法为将以上九味药物采用先乙醇提取后再水提取,混合液浓缩制成的药物制剂。该药物制剂联合西药使用可提升慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果,总有效率达到84%,且能明显降低患者的尿蛋白和减少尿红细胞,和单纯使用西药的对照组相比有显著差异,说明能有效改善患者临床症状,且无不良反应,安全性高,具有极高的推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
慢性肾小球肾炎是一种常见的慢性肾脏病,发病率高。慢性肾小球肾炎在全球普遍流行,研究调查发现,2020年全球慢性肾小球肾炎病例为6.975亿例,患病率约为9.1%,约120万人死于慢性肾小球肾炎。我国是慢性肾小球肾炎的高发地区,世界上近1.323亿例的慢性肾小球肾炎患者生活在我国。慢性肾小球肾炎如果干预不及时,就有发生肾衰竭和坏死的风险,严重影响患者的生活质量,甚至危及生命。目前,血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断剂和血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂是慢性肾小球肾炎常用的治疗药物。但考虑到血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂具有刺激性干咳的不良反应,且会增加患者脑卒中发生风险,因此,中医药近年来被广泛应用于临床治疗,并取得了一定临床疗效。
为了解决以上问题,发明团队结合我院慢性肾小球肾炎大量的病例及处方分析,在中医基础理论的基础上结合慢性肾小球肾炎病因,明确慢性肾小球肾炎属于“水肿”范畴,以脾肾亏虚为本,治疗多偏重于补益脾肾扶正。患者久病卧床,脾肾亏虚,气机不畅,气虚无力推动血液运行形成瘀血,气虚无力运化水湿邪气形成痰湿,痰湿、瘀血困溢肌肤形成水肿。发明人经过大量的实践研究,以白土茯苓祛湿利水、大腹皮绒利水消肿,直达病机,共为君药;山麻黄、云防风可祛风解表,使在表之水从汗而疏解,为臣药;佐以榆枝,协同马蹄金、岩黄连清利湿热、通利二便,使里热水邪从下而去;滇丹参、土牛膝活血化瘀,瘀血去新血生,津血同源,促进津液输布、排泄。祛风解表有助于通利湿热,通利湿热又有助于祛风解表,全方上下表里共同分消走泄,使湿热之邪清利,则肿热自消。诸药共用同奏祛风活血、清热化湿的功效。
为了药物方便使用,发明团队还根据该药物组合物特征制备基础及处方药材中化学成分的理化性质,对药物组合物的制备工艺及临床疗效进行研究,综合试验结果表明,该药物制剂联合西药使用可提升慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果,总有效率达84.0%,且能明显降低患者的尿蛋白和减少尿红细胞。和单纯使用西药的对照组相比有显著差异,说明该药物能有效改善患者临床症状。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于类风湿关节炎的药物组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的是提供药物组合物在制备治疗慢性肾小球肾炎药物中的应用。
本发明所述药物组合物由白土茯苓15-20份、大腹皮绒10-15份、山麻黄8-12份、云防风8-12份、榆枝7-10份、马蹄金7-10份、岩黄连7-10份、滇丹参5-10份、土牛膝7-10份组成。
优选的,
本发明所述药物组合物由白土茯苓18-20份、大腹皮绒12-15份、山麻黄10-12份、云防风10-12份、榆枝8-10份、马蹄金8-10份、岩黄连8-10份、滇丹参8-10份、土牛膝8-10份组成。
进一步优选的,
本发明所述药物组合物由白土茯苓20份、大腹皮绒15份、山麻黄12份、云防风12份、榆枝10份、马蹄金10份、岩黄连8份、滇丹参8份、土牛膝8份组成。
本发明所述药物组合物的制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4-8倍的30%-90%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加6-10倍水,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.25-1.35的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
优选的,
本发明所述药物组合物的制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4-7倍的50%-80%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加6-8倍水,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30-1.35的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
进一步优选的,
本发明所述药物组合物的制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
本发明所述制剂为固体制剂或液体制剂。
优选的,
本发明所述固体制剂为颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、滴丸;所述液体制剂为口服液。
本发明所述辅料为微晶纤维素、阿司帕坦、可溶性淀粉、滑石粉、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、炼蜜、单糖浆、苯甲酸钠、聚乙二醇6000中的一种或几种。
本发明所述药物组合物在制备治疗慢性肾小球肾炎药物中的应用。
本发明所述的“份”可以是本领域的常规单位“g、kg”等。
有益效果
1、本发明的药物组方中,白土茯苓祛湿利水、大腹皮绒利水消肿,直达病机,共为君药;山麻黄、云防风可祛风解表,使在表之水从汗而疏解,为臣药;佐以榆枝,协同马蹄金、岩黄连清利湿热、通利二便,使里热水邪从下而去;滇丹参、土牛膝活血化瘀,瘀血去新血生,津血同源,促进津液输布、排泄。祛风解表有助于通利湿热,通利湿热又有助于祛风解表,全方上下表里共同分消走泄,使湿热之邪清利,则肿热自消;诸药共用同奏祛风活血、清热化湿的功效;可清热利湿、活血化瘀、利水消肿,直达病机。
2、本发明处方采用传统的水提法,即加水煎煮,该法处方中有效成分总黄酮的提取率仅为19.4%,经发明团队大量实验探究,先将药物进行醇提,药渣再用水提,最大限度保留了醇、水两项的有效成分,即水溶性成分和脂溶性成分,使总黄酮的提取率大幅提高到64.38%,富集了有效成分,实现了产品提质增效。
3、本发明临床疗效试验结果表明,该药物联合西药使用可提升慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果,总有效率达到84%,且能明显降低患者的尿蛋白和减少尿红细胞;和单纯使用西药的对照组相比有显著差异,说明能有效改善患者临床症状,且无不良反应,安全性高,具有极高的推广价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
组方:白土茯苓200g、大腹皮绒150g、山麻黄120g、云防风120g、榆枝100g、马蹄金100g、岩黄连80g、滇丹参80g、土牛膝80g。
实施例2
组方:土茯苓150g、大腹皮绒100g、山麻黄80g、云防风80g、榆枝70g、马蹄金70g、岩黄连70g、滇丹参50g、土牛膝70g。
实施例3
组方:土茯苓200g、大腹皮绒150g、山麻黄120g、云防风20g、榆枝100g、马蹄金100g、岩黄连100g、滇丹参100g、土牛膝100g。
实施例4
组方:土茯苓160g、大腹皮绒110g、山麻黄90g、云防风90g、榆枝80g、马蹄金80g、岩黄连80g、滇丹参60g、土牛膝80g。
实施例5
组方:土茯苓170g、大腹皮绒120g、山麻黄100g、云防风100g、榆枝90g、马蹄金90g、岩黄连90g、滇丹参70g、土牛膝90g。
实施例6
组方:土茯苓180g、大腹皮绒130g、山麻黄110g、云防风110g、榆枝100g、马蹄金100g、岩黄连100g、滇丹参80g、土牛膝80g。
实施例7
组方:土茯苓190g、大腹皮绒140g、山麻黄100g、云防风100g、榆枝100g、马蹄金100g、岩黄连100g、滇丹参100g、土牛膝100g。
实施例8
组方:土茯苓200g、大腹皮绒120g、山麻黄100g、云防风100g、榆枝80g、马蹄金80g、岩黄连80g、滇丹参60g、土牛膝80g。
实施例9
组方:土茯苓200g、大腹皮绒130g、山麻黄80g、云防风100g、榆枝70g、马蹄金80g、岩黄连80g、滇丹参60g、土牛膝80g。
实施例10
组方:土茯苓160g、大腹皮绒120g、山麻黄100g、云防风120g、榆枝90g、马蹄金80g、岩黄连70g、滇丹参60g、土牛膝80g。
实施例1-10的组方分别按实施例11-18任一种制备方法制备。
实施例11
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入微晶纤维素200g、阿司帕坦10g、可溶性淀粉适量,混合均匀,18目筛制粒,70℃干燥,整粒,制成1000g颗粒,即得。
实施例12
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量6倍的60%乙醇,加热提取2次,每次提取1小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加6倍水,加热提取2次,每次提取1小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.35的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入微晶纤维素200g、阿司帕坦10g、可溶性淀粉适量,混合均匀,18目筛制粒,70℃干燥,整粒,制成1000g颗粒,即得。
实施例13
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量8倍的90%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加10倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.25的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入微晶纤维素200g、阿司帕坦10g、可溶性淀粉适量,混合均匀,18目筛制粒,70℃干燥,整粒,制成1000g颗粒,即得。
实施例14
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入可溶性淀粉150g,混合均匀,烘干,粉碎,加入滑石粉5g,混合均匀,装入胶囊壳中,得胶囊1000粒,即得。
实施例15
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入预胶化淀粉200g,混合均匀,用5%淀粉浆制粒,烘干,加入羧甲基淀粉钠5g,混合均匀,压片,制成1000片,即得。
实施例16
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入可溶性淀粉300g,烘干,粉碎成细粉后加入羧甲基淀粉钠5g,用炼蜜10g制成丸剂1000丸,即得。
实施例17
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入单糖浆200ml、苯甲酸钠3g,以适量水稀释至1000ml,搅匀,静置,滤过,灌封,灭菌,即得口服液。
实施例18
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:取聚乙二醇6000适量,加热使熔化,与稠膏混匀,滴制成滴丸1000g,即得。
为了进一步验证本发明的有效性,发明进行了一系列的验证试验,具体如下:
一、处方组成、配伍关系
1.处方组成
白土茯苓20份、大腹皮绒15份、山麻黄12份、云防风12份、榆枝10份、马蹄金10份、岩黄连8份、滇丹参8份、土牛膝8份。
白土茯苓为百合科植物短柱肖菝葜Heterosmilas yunnanensis Gagnep.的干燥块茎。秋、冬二季采挖,除去须根,洗净,干燥。味甘、淡,性平。归肝经、肾经。具有祛风除湿,清热解毒,利水通淋的功效。用于风湿痹痛,小便淋浊等。
大腹皮绒为棕榈科科植物槟榔Areca catehu L.的干燥果皮的炮制加工品。味辛,性温。归脾、胃、大肠经。具有行气宽中,行水消肿的功效,用于湿阻气滞,脘腹胀闷,大便不爽,水肿胀满,小便不利等。
山麻黄为麻黄科植物丽江麻黄Ephedra likiangensis Florin的干燥草质茎。秋季采割绿色的草质茎,干燥。味辛、微苦,性温。归肺经、膀胱经。具有发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿的功效。用于风寒感冒,风水浮肿等。
云防风为伞形科植物竹叶西风芹Seseli mairei Wolff的干燥根及根茎。春秋二季采挖,除去须根、杂质,干燥。味辛、甘,性温。归肺、肝、脾经。具有祛风解表,利湿的功效,用于感冒头痛,风疹瘙痒等。
榆枝为榆科植物榆树Ulmus pumila L.的干燥枝条。四季采收,去叶,切断,晒干。味甘,性平。归心、肾、膀胱经。具有利尿通淋,消肿的功效。用于小便不通,水肿等。
马蹄金为旋花科植物马蹄金Dichondra repens Forst.的干燥全草。味苦、辛,性凉。归肝经。具有清热解毒,利水活血的功效。用于黄疸,水肿,淋证等。
岩黄连为罂粟科植物石生黄堇Corydalis saxicola Bunting的干燥全草。秋季采挖,除去泥沙,切段,干燥。味苦,性凉。具有清热利湿,止血止痛的功效。用于肾炎,腹泻,肿瘤等。
滇丹参为唇形科植物云南鼠尾草Salvia yunnanensis C.H.Wright.的干燥根及根茎。春秋二季采挖,除去杂质,干燥。味微苦、甘,性微寒。归心、肝经。具有活血祛瘀,凉血止血,解毒消肿的功效。用于肢体麻木,月经不调等。
土牛膝为苋科植物土牛膝Achyranthes aspera L.的干燥根及根茎。冬季茎叶枯黄后采挖,除去地上部分和须根,洗净,干燥。味苦、酸,性微寒。归肝、肺肾经。具有活血散瘀,利尿除湿,清热解毒的功效。用于淋证,尿血,咽喉肿痛,风湿性关节炎等。
2.配伍关系
药物组方中,白土茯苓祛湿利水、大腹皮绒利水消肿,直达病机,共为君药;山麻黄、云防风可祛风解表,使在表之水从汗而疏解,为臣药;佐以榆枝,协同马蹄金、岩黄连清利湿热、通利二便,使里热水邪从下而去;滇丹参、土牛膝活血化瘀,瘀血去新血生,津血同源,促进津液输布、排泄。祛风解表有助于通利湿热,通利湿热又有助于祛风解表,全方上下表里共同分消走泄,使湿热之邪清利,则肿热自消。诸药共用同奏祛风活血、清热化湿的功效。
二、制备工艺研究试验
本发明处方由白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝等9味组成,制备工艺开始采用的是传统的水煎煮,发现药物总黄酮提取率较低。发明人经查阅处方中药味的有效成分综合分析,黄酮类物质是本发明处方发挥治疗效果的重要物质基础。为了寻求最佳提取方法,本发明团队以处方中总黄酮的提取率为考察指标,通过试验比较水提法、醇提法、先醇提后水提法和先水提后醇提法等4种不同提取工艺,最终优选出最佳提取工艺。
1、提取方法初选
1.1水提法
按组方比例称取药材,加入8倍的水,加热提取2次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液浓缩并定容至适量,测定总黄酮提取率。
1.2醇提法
按组方比例称取药材,加入8倍的70%乙醇,加热提取2次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后浓缩并定容至适量,测定总黄酮提取率。
1.3先醇提后水提法
按组方比例称取药材,先加入8倍的70%乙醇,加热提取提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液,药渣加入8倍的水,加热提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液与上述乙醇提取液合并后浓缩并定容至适量,测定总黄酮提取率。
1.4先水提后醇提法
按组方比例称取药材,先加入8倍的水,加热提取提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提液,药渣加入8倍的70%乙醇,加热提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后与上述水提取液合并后浓缩并定容至适量,测定总黄酮提取率。
1.5测定结果,见表1。
表1不同提取方法总黄酮提取率结果
提取方法 | 水提法 | 醇提法 | 先醇提后水提法 | 先水提后醇提法 |
总黄酮提取率 | 19.4% | 36.1% | 51.2% | 46.9% |
由试验结果可知,单独采用水提法和单独采用醇提法处方中总黄酮提取率都不高,而采用先醇提后水提法处方中总黄酮提取率大幅增高,因此,所以本发明制备工艺确定采用先醇提后水提取法。
2、提取方法工艺参数优选
2.1乙醇提取工艺参数
2.1.1乙醇浓度考察
按处方比例取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,共4份,分别用6倍量30%、50%、70%和90%的乙醇加热提取0.5小时,提取液过滤后用相应浓度的乙醇稀释并定容至1000ml。测定总黄酮提取率,结果见表2。
表2乙醇浓度考察结果
试验号 | 乙醇浓度(%) | 加醇量(倍) | 提取时间(小时) | 总黄酮提取率(%) |
1 | 30 | 6 | 0.5 | 24.2 |
2 | 50 | 6 | 0.5 | 28.2 |
3 | 70 | 6 | 0.5 | 35.5 |
4 | 90 | 6 | 0.5 | 38.7 |
试验结果表明,当乙醇浓度大于70%后,处方中总黄酮的提取率增加不多,为了节约生产成本,降低乙醇使用量,选择70%乙醇作为提取溶剂。
2.1.2正交试验优选
选取加醇量(因素A)、提取时间(因素B)、提取次数(因素C)为考察因素,采用正交试验筛选最佳醇提工艺参数,因素与水平见表3,正交设计及试验结果见表4,方差分析结果见表5。
表3醇提工艺正交试验因素与水平表
水平 | 因素A(倍) | 因素B(小时) | 因素C(次) |
1 | 4 | 0.5 | 1 |
2 | 6 | 1 | 2 |
3 | 8 | 2 | 3 |
表4醇提工艺正交试验设计及结果表
编号 | 因素A | 因素B | 因素C | 误差D | 总黄酮提取率(%) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 31.41 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 32.12 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 35.31 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 34.43 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 33.22 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 36.11 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 36.86 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 34.24 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 35.07 |
K1 | 98.84 | 102.70 | 101.76 | 99.70 | |
K2 | 103.76 | 99.58 | 101.62 | 105.09 | |
K3 | 106.17 | 106.49 | 105.39 | 103.98 | |
R | 7.33 | 6.91 | 3.77 | 5.39 |
表5醇提工艺方差分析结果
方差来源 | 离差平方和 | 自由度 | 均方 | F值 | 显著性 |
A | 9.30 | 2 | 4.65 | 1.72 | 不显著 |
B | 7.98 | 2 | 3.99 | 1.48 | 不显著 |
C | 3.05 | 2 | 1.52 | 0.56 | 不显著 |
D(误差) | 5.40 | 2 | 2.70 |
注:F0.05(2,2)=19
从表4正交试验结果可知,各因素对醇提取效果的影响大小为A>B>C,且A3>A2>A1,B3>B1>B2,C3>C1>C2,最佳醇提工艺参数为A3B3C3,结合方差分析表5中可以看出,3个因素中A、B、C因素均无显著性影响,由于3个因素中各水平接近,从节约成本的角度考虑,醇提工艺最佳参数可调整为A1B1C1,即加4倍70%乙醇提取1次,提取时间为0.5小时。
2.1.3醇提工艺最佳参数验证
按处方比例取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,共3份,分别按前述优选出的最佳醇提工艺参数进行提取后,提取液用70%乙醇稀释并定容至1000ml。测定总黄酮提取率,结果见表6。
表6最佳醇提工艺参数验证结果
验证结果表明,经正交试验优选得的最佳醇提工艺参数提取本药物组合物,总黄酮提取率为31.19%。
2.2醇提后水提取工艺参数
2.2.1正交试验优选
选取加水量(因素A)、提取时间(因素B)、提取次数(因素C)为考察因素,先将处方中药材加4倍70%乙醇提后,药渣采用正交试验筛选最佳水提工艺参数,因素与水平见表7,正交设计及试验结果见表8,方差分析结果见表9。
表7醇提后水提工艺正交试验因素与水平表
水平 | 因素A(倍) | 因素B(小时) | 因素C(次) |
1 | 6 | 0.5 | 1 |
2 | 8 | 1 | 2 |
3 | 10 | 1.5 | 3 |
表8醇提后水提工艺正交试验设计及结果表
编号 | 因素A | 因素B | 因素C | 误差D | 总黄酮提取率(%) |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 52.43 |
2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 59.70 |
3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 57.64 |
4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 62.33 |
5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 68.45 |
6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 65.96 |
7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 62.11 |
8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 64.34 |
9 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 66.07 |
K1 | 169.77 | 176.87 | 182.73 | 186.95 | |
K2 | 196.74 | 192.49 | 188.10 | 187.77 | |
K3 | 192.52 | 189.67 | 188.20 | 184.31 | |
R | 26.97 | 15.62 | 5.47 | 3.46 |
表9醇提后水提工艺方差分析结果
注:F0.05(2,2)=19
从表8正交试验结果可知,各因素对水提取效果的影响大小为A>B>C,且A2>A3>A1,B2>B3>B1,C3>C2>C1,最佳水提工艺参数为A2B2C3,结合方差分析表9中可以看出,3个因素中A、B有显著差异,C因素无显著性影响,因此,从节约成本的角度考虑,水提工艺最佳参数可调整为A2B2C1,即加8倍水煎煮1次,煎煮时间为0.5小时。
2.2.2醇提后水提工艺最佳参数验证
按处方比例取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,共3份,分别按前述优选出的最佳工艺参数进行先醇提后水提取,提取液浓缩并定容后测定总黄酮提取率,结果见表10。
表10醇提后最佳水提工艺参数验证结果
验证结果表明,经正交试验优选得的最佳工艺参数提取,处方中总黄酮提取率为64.38%,该方法提取效率较高,工艺合理可行,可作为本处方的最佳提取工艺。
三、临床疗效验证
为了验证本发明药物组及其制备工艺制剂的临床疗效,本发明团队进一步开展了临床疗效验证实验。
1、资料和方法
1.1临床资料
选取2020年9月~2022年2月我院中医医院门诊收治的100例慢性肾小球肾炎患者作为研究对象,由SAS统计软件包模拟产生随机数表,按1:1比例将100例慢性肾小球肾炎患者随机分治疗组和对照组,每组50例。两组患者年龄、病程等一般资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。
1.2诊断标准
西医诊断标准参照《慢性肾小球肾炎》制定;中医诊断标准参照《慢性肾小球肾炎诊疗指南》湿热血瘀证型制定,面目肢体浮肿,腰部刺痛,咽喉肿痛,口黏纳呆,小便黄赤,舌苔黄腻,舌下络脉迂曲,脉滑涩。
1.3纳入标准
符合慢性肾小球肾炎的西医诊断标准及湿热血瘀辨证标准;患者及家属签署知情同意书;治疗前1个月未接受过其他治疗且患者意识清楚并愿意配合治疗。
1.4排除标准
已进展为终末期肾病或慢性肾脏病(CKD)4—5期者;狼疮性肾炎、过敏性紫癜性肾炎、急性肾小球肾炎和肾盂肾炎等其他肾损害疾病者;合并凝血功能、免疫功能障碍,恶性肿瘤,严重肝肾功能障碍者;短期内病情恶化需要进行肾脏替代治疗者。
1.5治疗方法
对照组采用低盐、低脂和优质低蛋白饮食;根据病情需要进行抗感染、调节血脂、纠正贫血、纠正水和电解质紊乱等基础治疗;口服盐酸贝那普利片(规格:10mg),1日1次,1次10mg,治疗2个月。
治疗组在对照组的基础上加服本发明组合物制成得颗粒剂治疗。1日3次,每次15g,治疗2个月。
1.6观察指标
记录两组患者治疗前后尿蛋白定量、尿沉渣红细胞计数及临床疗效。
1.7疗效判定
(1)治愈:24h尿蛋白定量正常,尿沉渣红细胞数计数正常;(2)显效:24h尿蛋白定量减少≥40%,尿沉渣红细胞计数检查减少≥40%;(3)有效:24h尿蛋白定量减少<40%,尿沉渣红细胞计数检查减少<40%;(4)无效:临床表现与上述实验室检查均无改善或加重者。总有效率=治愈率+显效率+有效率。
2、结果
2.1两组患者的临床疗效
治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为84.0%和70.0%,治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。见表11。
表11两组患者的临床疗效比较
组别 | 例数 | 治愈 | 显效 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) |
对照组 | 50 | 8 | 11 | 16 | 15 | 70.0 |
治疗组 | 50 | 15 | 11 | 16 | 8 | 84.0* |
注:与对照组比较*P<0.05;
2.2两组患者治疗前后尿蛋白定量比较
两组治疗后尿蛋白定量均下降(P<0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组下降更明显(P<0.05)。说明试验组在降尿蛋白方面优于对照组。见表12。
表12两组患者治疗前后尿蛋白定量比较
注:与同组治疗前比较*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较△P<0.05
2.3两组患者治疗前后尿红细胞计数比较
两组治疗后尿红细胞计数均下降(P<0.05),但治疗组下降更明显(P<0.05)。说明治疗组在降尿红细胞方面优于对照组。见表13。
表13两组治疗前后尿红细胞计数比较
注:与同组治疗前比较*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较△P<0.05
2.4两组患者不良反应比较
研究过程中两组患者均未出现不良反应。
3、结论
综上所述,本发明药物组合现代制药技术制成剂型后联合西药使用可提升慢性肾小球肾炎的治疗效果,总有效率达到84%,且能明显降低患者的尿蛋白和减少尿红细胞,和单纯使用西药的对照组相比有显著差异,说明能有效改善患者临床症状,且无不良反应,安全性高,具有极高的推广价值。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作出一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合物,其特征在于,该药物组合物由白土茯苓15-20份、大腹皮绒10-15份、山麻黄8-12份、云防风8-12份、榆枝7-10份、马蹄金7-10份、岩黄连7-10份、滇丹参5-10份、土牛膝7-10份组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合,其特征在于,该药物组合物由白土茯苓18-20份、大腹皮绒12-15份、山麻黄10-12份、云防风10-12份、榆枝8-10份、马蹄金8-10份、岩黄连8-10份、滇丹参8-10份、土牛膝8-10份组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的治疗慢性肾小球肾炎的药物组合,其特征在于,该药物组合物由白土茯苓20份、大腹皮绒15份、山麻黄12份、云防风12份、榆枝10份、马蹄金10份、岩黄连8份、滇丹参8份、土牛膝8份组成。
4.一种制备权利要求1-3任一项所述的药物组合物的方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4-8倍的30%-90%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加6-10倍水,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.25-1.35的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4-7倍的50%-80%乙醇,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加6-8倍水,加热提取1-2次,每次提取0.5-1小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30-1.35的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法为:
(1)乙醇提取:按组方比例称取白土茯苓、大腹皮绒、山麻黄、云防风、榆枝、马蹄金、岩黄连、滇丹参、土牛膝,加入药材总量4倍的70%乙醇,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,滤液回收乙醇后得乙醇提取液;
(2)水提取:取乙醇提取后的药渣加8倍水,加热提取1次,每次提取0.5小时,过滤,得水提取液;
(3)浓缩:将乙醇提取液和水提取液合并,浓缩至相对密度在60℃时为1.30的稠膏,备用;
(4)制剂:在稠膏中加入药学上可接受的辅料制成药学上可接受的制剂。
7.根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制剂为固体制剂或液体制剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述固体制剂为颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、滴丸;所述液体制剂为口服液。
9.根据权利要求4-6任一项所述的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述辅料为微晶纤维素、阿司帕坦、可溶性淀粉、滑石粉、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、炼蜜、单糖浆、苯甲酸钠、聚乙二醇6000中的一种或几种。
10.权利要求1-3任一项所述的药物组合物在制备治疗慢性肾小球肾炎药物中的应用。
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