CN117695224A - 一种鼻喷剂、其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种鼻喷剂、其制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117695224A CN117695224A CN202311751146.5A CN202311751146A CN117695224A CN 117695224 A CN117695224 A CN 117695224A CN 202311751146 A CN202311751146 A CN 202311751146A CN 117695224 A CN117695224 A CN 117695224A
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- nasal spray
- viscosity
- nasal
- mass
- medicine
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Classifications
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种鼻喷剂,包括抗组胺类药物与羟丙甲纤维素。申请人在大量实验研究的基础上意外发现,选择一定范围内粘度的羟丙甲纤维素,如羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度大于等于15mPa·s时,其配制的药液粘度在使用条件下受温度影响较少,可以保证药液在使用过程中粘度稳定,确保药液在鼻腔内的停留时间保持稳定,降低药物吸收的变异性,从而确保用药有效性。此外,本发明通过一定粘度的羟丙甲纤维素调节鼻喷剂的粘度满足鼻腔给药喷雾粒径的要求,可保证药液喷雾后几乎不产生粒径小于10μm的微细雾滴,同时又能达到喷雾均一的要求。
Description
本申请要求于2022年12月21日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211648952.5、发明名称为“一种鼻喷剂、其制备方法及应用”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种鼻喷剂、其制备方法及应用。
背景技术
过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)也称作变异性鼻炎,它是由过敏原激发的、IgE介导的鼻黏膜非感染性炎性疾病,临床症状表现为:喷嚏、鼻塞、鼻痒和流鼻涕。过敏性鼻炎严重影响人们的正常生活和工作,尤其是儿童,对儿童的身心健康、学习成绩造成负面影响。据报道我国儿童过敏性鼻炎患病率高达15.79%且逐年增高。
根据2015年发布的《变应性鼻炎临床实践指南:美国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学会推荐》用于过敏性鼻炎的药物分为以下几大类:
1.糖皮质激素类药
市场上用于过敏性鼻炎的糖皮质激素药物(曲安奈德、布地奈德、丙酸氟替卡松、糠酸莫米松、丙酸倍氯米松等)主要为鼻喷制剂,其作用机制是抑制磷酸酯酶A的活性,稳定肥大细胞膜和溶酶体膜,使肥大细胞脱颗粒反应降低,减少前列腺素和白三烯等炎性介质的合成,减少组胺和致炎物质的释放。鼻用糖皮质激素对过敏性鼻炎四大症状均有显著的改善。尤其是缓解鼻塞较抗组胺药有更好的效果。
2.抗组胺药物
临床医师主要推荐第二代抗组胺药物(如西替利嗪、氯雷他定、阿伐斯汀、咪唑斯汀、特非那定、阿司咪唑等)及第三代抗组胺药物(左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定),尤其是第三代抗组胺药物左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定,不仅疗效确切,可有效、迅速缓解流鼻涕、喷嚏和鼻痒等症状,还能缓解鼻阻塞和鼻充血,具有一定的抗炎作用,且中枢神经的镇静作用比第二代抗组胺药物更小,可用于6个月以上的儿童。
3.白三烯受体拮抗剂药物
一般情况下临床医生不建议用白三烯受体拮抗剂(普仑司特、扎鲁司特、孟鲁司特)作为AR患者的主要治疗,但对于并发支气管哮喘的患者,可能受益于口服白三烯受体拮抗剂,作为一线治疗。
目前用于过敏性鼻炎治疗的药物剂型分为口服和鼻喷,鼻喷剂相对口服制剂,可直接作用于鼻腔病变部位,在达到快速起效作用的同时,降低了给药剂量,提高了用药安全性。过敏性鼻炎鼻喷剂以糖皮质激素为主,但激素类药物起效较慢,一般需要持续使用一个月才能取得满意的效果。第二代抗组胺鼻喷剂(如盐酸氮卓斯汀鼻喷剂)有一定的中枢神经副作用,不推荐用于儿童患者人群。第三代抗组药物左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定效果明显且中枢神经副作用微弱,可用于6岁以上儿童,但目前只有口服制剂并无鼻喷制剂,无法满足患者快速接触过敏症状的需求。
鼻部局部给药是一种传统的用来治疗鼻炎疾病的方式,但由于鼻黏膜纤毛运动,导致药物鼻腔停留时间短,生物利用度低,影响药效发挥。基于上述原因,一般的鼻喷剂中会添加增稠剂,给药后增稠剂黏附鼻腔黏膜,延长给药时间,从而保证药效。
申请号为CN201710598138.X的中国专利公开了一种高保湿性鼻用抗过敏药物组合,该组合物选择透明质酸盐为增稠剂,甘油组为保湿剂,以海盐作为渗透压调节剂配制成一定粘度和pH的药液用于鼻喷给药,在一定程度上解决了左西替利嗪和地氯雷他定口服制剂起效慢的问题,但玻璃酸钠溶液的粘度受温度影响较大,对于鼻用制剂,由于鼻腔温度(~35℃)与室温温度(~20℃)相差较大,这会导致药物在使用过程的黏附效果相差较大,影响药物的吸收的稳定性,可引起较大的用药变异性,从而影响治疗效果。
此外,鼻喷给药不同于吸入给药,鼻喷给药对雾化效果要求严格,一方面要求药液喷雾粒径不能过大,过大的雾滴不利于药液在鼻腔的均匀沉积;另一方面雾滴粒径也不能太小,微细的雾滴可以通过进入呼吸道,导致不可预知的副作用。
本发明研究人员在实践中发现采用专利CN201710598138.X的技术方案进行喷雾测试,发现其喷雾雾滴较细,粒径小于10μm雾滴占比较高,不利于鼻喷剂在鼻腔的精确沉降发挥药效,且细小的雾滴可能随呼吸气流进入呼吸道,可能对临床使用造成不可预知的副作用。
申请号为CN200810153597.8的中国专利公开了一种环糊精包合的糖皮质激素/抗组胺组合的鼻用药物组合,其通过环糊精包合提高药物在较短滞留时间内的生物利用度,但制备过程复杂,需要经过有机溶剂包合工序。
申请号为CN111388411A的中国专利公开了一种以泊洛沙姆为温敏凝胶增稠剂、羟丙甲纤维素为粘附剂的鼻用药物组合,该组合采用的泊洛沙姆温敏凝胶能够在鼻腔温度下(~35℃)由液体转变为半固体,从而延长药物在鼻腔内的黏附时间,提高药物生物利用度,但泊洛沙姆为不易降解合成材料,其与生物组织的相容性较差。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题为上述现有鼻喷剂在使用过程中药液粘度受温度影响较大导致的用药变异性大、药液粘度不合理导致雾化效果差的,进而提供一种药液粘度稳定、雾化效果好的鼻喷剂及其制备方法及应用。
本发明提供了一种鼻喷剂,包括抗组胺类药物与羟丙甲纤维素;所述羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度大于等于15mPa·s。
优选的,所述抗组胺类药物选自左西替利嗪、左西替利嗪盐类化合物、地氯雷他定与地氯雷他定盐类化合物中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述抗组胺类药物的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.1%~1.0%。
优选的,所述鼻喷剂粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s。
优选的,还包括抑菌剂;所述抑菌剂的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.01%~0.06%;所述抑菌剂选自苯扎氯铵。
优选的,还包括渗透压调节剂;所述渗透压调节剂的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.8%~5.5%;所述渗透压调节剂选自氯化钠和/或山梨醇。
优选的,还包括pH值缓冲体系;所述pH值缓冲体系包括柠檬酸与氢氧化钠;所述柠檬酸的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.02%~0.50%;所述氢氧化钠的质量为调节鼻喷剂的pH值为5~7。
优选的,包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.06wt%;
渗透压调节剂 0.8wt%~5.5wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7。
本发明还提供了一种鼻喷剂的制备方法,包括:
将抗组胺类药物、抑菌剂、渗透压调剂溶于水,加入羟丙甲纤维素溶解,再调节pH后定容得到鼻喷剂。
本发明还提供了上述鼻喷剂在制备治疗鼻炎的药物中的应用。
本发明提供了一种鼻喷剂,包括抗组胺类药物与羟丙甲纤维素。申请人在大量实验研究的基础上意外发现,选择一定范围内粘度的羟丙甲纤维素,如羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度大于等于15mPa·s时,其配制的药液粘度在使用条件下受温度影响较少,可以保证药液在使用过程中粘度稳定,确保药液在鼻腔内的停留时间保持稳定,降低药物吸收的变异性,从而确保用药有效性。
此外,本发明通过一定粘度的羟丙甲纤维素调节鼻喷剂的粘度满足鼻腔给药喷雾粒径的要求,可保证药液喷雾后几乎不产生粒径小于10μm的微细雾滴,同时又能达到喷雾均一的要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2中处方5得到的鼻喷剂的喷雾状态图;
图2为本发明实施例2中处方6得到的鼻喷剂的喷雾状态图;
图3为本发明实施例2中处方7得到的鼻喷剂的喷雾状态图;
图4为本发明对照组1得到的鼻喷剂的喷雾状态图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种鼻喷剂,包括抗组胺类药物与羟丙甲纤维素。
其中,所述抗组胺类药物优选为左西替利嗪、左西替利嗪盐类化合物、地氯雷他定与地氯雷他定盐类化合物中的一种或多种,其中盐类化合物为药学上可接受的盐,如盐酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐与柠檬酸盐中的一种或多种;在本发明中,更优选的,所述抗组胺类药物为左西替利嗪和/或盐酸左西替利嗪;所述抗组胺类药物的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量的0.1%~1.0%,更优选为0.2%~0.5%;在本发明提供的实施例中,所述抗组胺类药物的质量具体为鼻喷剂质量的0.2%、0.5%或1.0%。
本发明提供的鼻喷剂通过加入一定范围内粘度的羟丙甲纤维素,可保证药液在鼻腔温度(34℃)下粘度相对于室温(20~25℃)不明显降低,从而确保药液在鼻腔内的停留时间不会因为环境温度变化而发生变化。在本发明中,所述羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度优选大于等于15mPa·s(按照2020版中国药典通则0633,用平氏粘度计检测),更优选为15~4000mPa·s,再优选为15mPa·s;在本发明中所述标称粘度为20℃下在2%水溶液中所测得粘度;所述羟丙甲纤维素的用量优选使鼻喷剂在室温及使用温度的粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s(按照2020版中国药典通则0633,用平氏粘度计检测),更优选粘度为2.0~2.8mPa·s;鼻喷剂在此粘度范围内可满足鼻腔给药喷雾粒径的要求,可保证药液喷雾后几乎不产生粒径小于10μm的微细雾滴,同时又能达到雾化状态好,喷雾雾滴均一的效果;所述羟丙甲纤维素的具体用量可根据羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度及鼻喷剂所需要粘度的要求选择,在本发明提供的实施例中,所述羟丙甲纤维素E15的质量具体为鼻喷剂质量的0.3%、0.4%、1.2%或0.54%。
按照本发明,所述鼻喷剂优选还包括抑菌剂,以满足鼻喷剂抑菌防止微生物污染的要求;所述抑菌剂的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量的0.01%~0.06%,优选为0.01%~0.03%,再优选为0.02%~0.03%;所述抑菌剂的种类为本领域技术人员熟知的种类即可,并无特殊的限制,本发明中优选为苯扎氯铵。
按照本发明,所述鼻喷剂优选还包括渗透压调节剂,所述渗透压调节剂的种类为本领域技术人员熟知的渗透压调节剂即可,并无特殊的限制,本发明中优选为山梨醇或氯化钠;所述渗透压调节剂的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量的0.8%~5.5%;当所述渗透压调节剂为山梨醇时,渗透压调节剂的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量4.0%~5.5%,更优选为4.0%~5.0%,再选为4.5%;当所述渗透压调节剂为氯化钠时,渗透压调节剂的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量的0.8%~1.0%,优选为0.9%。
按照本发明,所述鼻喷剂优选还包括pH值缓冲体系;所述pH值缓冲体系优选包括柠檬酸与氢氧化钠;所述柠檬酸的质量优选为鼻喷剂质量的0.02%~0.50%,优选为0.1%;所述氢氧化钠的用量优选为调节鼻喷剂的pH值为5~7;所述氢氧化钠以其水溶液的形式加入;氢氧化钠水溶液的浓度优选为0.5~2mol/L,更优选为1~1.5mol/L。
本发明提供的鼻喷剂除上述组分外还可包括其他常用的添加剂,并无特殊的限制,余下组分用水补足即可;所述水优选为纯化水。
在本发明中,优选的,所述鼻喷剂包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.06wt%;
渗透压调节剂 0.8wt%~5.5wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7。
进一步优选的,所述鼻喷剂包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.06wt%;
渗透压调节剂 0.8wt%~5.5wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为2.0~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7;
或者包括:
进一步优选的,所述鼻喷剂包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.03wt%;
渗透压调节剂 0.8wt%~5.5wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为2.0~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7。
更进一步优选的,所述鼻喷剂包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.03wt%;
渗透压调节剂 4.0wt%~5.0wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为2.0~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7;
再进一步优选的,所述鼻喷剂包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~0.5wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.03wt%;
渗透压调节剂 4.0wt%~5.0wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为2.0~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7。
本发明还提供了一种上述鼻喷剂的制备方法,包括:将抗组胺类药物、抑菌剂、渗透压调剂溶于水,加入羟丙甲纤维素溶解,再调节pH后定容得到鼻喷剂。
所述抗组胺类药物、水与羟丙甲纤维素的种类及含量均同上所述,在此不再赘述。
将抗组胺类药物与水混合溶解;此过程中优选还加入其他除羟丙甲纤维素的组分。
然后加入羟丙甲纤维素室温下搅拌溶解;加入pH值调节剂调节体系值pH值为5~7定容后得到鼻喷剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述鼻喷剂在制备治疗鼻炎的药物中的应用。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种鼻喷剂、其制备方法及应用进行详细描述。
以下实施例中所用的试剂均为市售;实施例中所用羟丙甲纤维素及得到的鼻喷剂的粘度按照2020版中国药典通则0633,采用平氏粘度计检测。
实施例1
按照表1所示的处方,盐酸左西替利嗪或地氯雷他定、柠檬酸、苯扎氯铵和氯化钠溶于水中,加入羟丙甲纤维素室温搅拌溶解,用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH在5~7后定容。
其中对照组1的设置按照中国专利201710598138.X中表10处方组成(1)配置:称取处方量的透明质酸钠溶于纯化水,充分搅拌至完全溶解,再依次加入处方量的甘油、海盐及主药搅拌均匀,适量pH调节剂调节至pH在5~7范围后定容即得。
表1鼻喷剂的处方及粘度测试结果
上述溶液按照中国药典通则0633检测不同温度下(20℃和34℃)粘度,本发明人意外发现对照组1、2、3处方样品和处方1样品在34℃的粘度相对于20℃下的粘度均下降了约20%左右,但处方2~4样品粘度变化不大,降低幅度仅约5%,说明与相近标称粘度的羟丙纤维素(对照组2)、羧甲纤维素钠(对照组1)以及玻璃酸钠溶液(对照组1)相比,标称粘度15mPa.s的羟丙甲纤维素(处方2)的溶液粘度在20~34℃范围内粘度比较稳定,这有利于减小鼻喷给药的变异性;标称粘度50和4000mPa.s羟丙甲纤维素同样具有上述特点。
实施例2
按照表2所示的处方,盐酸左西替利嗪或地氯雷他定、柠檬酸、苯扎氯铵和氯化钠溶于水中,加入羟丙甲纤维素室温搅拌溶解,用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH在5~7后定容。
表2鼻喷剂的处方及粘度
将上述处方5~7药液样品与对照组1药液样品分别灌装于喷雾装置(万通(苏州)定量阀系统有限公司,VP7/95 18/415PR234)中进行喷雾检测,结果如表3所示及图1~图4所示。
表3鼻喷剂的喷雾检测结果
处方5 | 处方6 | 处方7 | 对照组1 | |
D10(μm) | 29 | 49 | / | 21 |
D50(μm) | 54 | 75 | / | 50 |
D90(μm) | 102 | 113 | / | 90 |
小于10μm雾滴占比% | 未检测到 | 未检测到 | / | 9.9 |
喷雾状态 | 图1 | 图2 | 图3 | 图4 |
采用喷雾粒度分析仪对样品进行喷雾粒径检测,结果表明当药液粘度低至0.9mPa·s时,如对照组1药液样品,药液气喷雾雾滴较细,导致粒径小于10μm的微细雾滴占比高达9.9%,其中微细雾滴可能随呼吸气流进入呼吸道,从而引起不可预知的副作用。当药液粘度为3.5mPa·s时,如处方7溶液样品雾化效果也不理想,明显存在大液滴,雾化效果不均一,不利药液雾滴在鼻腔的均匀沉积;因此控制药液粘度在1.8~2.8mPa.s范围内既能保证雾化效果,也能显著减低微细雾滴比例,防止微细雾滴进入呼吸道引起不可预知的副作用,提高药效和药用安全性。
实施例3
按照表4所示的处方,盐酸左西替利嗪或地氯雷他定、柠檬酸、苯扎氯铵和氯化钠溶于水中,加入羟丙甲纤维素室温搅拌溶解,用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH在5~7后定容。
表4实施例3鼻喷剂的处方
上述药液与对照样品按照中国药典通则1121抑菌效力检测方法,对处方8~11进行抑菌效力检测,结果如表5所示,表明空白组(处方8)没有达到要求的最低B级要求,而加入苯扎氯铵溶液可明显抑制微生物生产,抑菌效力达到A。
表5鼻喷剂抑菌效力检测结果
实施例4
按照表6所示的处方,盐酸左西替利嗪或地氯雷他定、柠檬酸、苯扎氯铵和山梨醇溶于水中,加入羟丙甲纤维素室温搅拌溶解,用1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH在5~7后定容。
表6实施例4不同处方药液稳定性研究
表6表明本发明提供的药液具有较好的稳定性,高温30天杂质几乎没有增长。
Claims (10)
1.一种鼻喷剂,其特征在于,包括抗组胺类药物与羟丙甲纤维素;所述羟丙甲纤维素的标称粘度大于等于15mPa·s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,所述抗组胺类药物选自左西替利嗪、左西替利嗪盐类化合物、地氯雷他定与地氯雷他定盐类化合物中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,所述抗组胺类药物的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.1%~1.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,所述鼻喷剂粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,还包括抑菌剂;所述抑菌剂的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.01%~0.06%;所述抑菌剂选自苯扎氯铵。
6.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,还包括渗透压调节剂;所述渗透压调节剂的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.8%~5.5%;所述渗透压调节剂选自氯化钠和/或山梨醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的鼻喷剂,其特征在于,还包括pH值缓冲体系;所述pH值缓冲体系包括柠檬酸与氢氧化钠;所述柠檬酸的质量为鼻喷剂质量的0.02%~0.50%;所述氢氧化钠的质量为调节鼻喷剂的pH值为5~7。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种鼻喷剂,其特征在于,包括:
抗组胺类药物 0.1wt%~1.0wt%;
抑菌剂 0.01wt%~0.06wt%;
渗透压调节剂 0.8wt%~5.5wt%;
羟丙甲纤维素的加入量使鼻喷剂粘度为1.8~2.8mPa·s;
余量的水;
pH值缓冲体系调节pH值为5~7。
9.一种鼻喷剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将抗组胺类药物、抑菌剂、渗透压调节剂溶于水,加入羟丙甲纤维素溶解,再调节pH后定容得到鼻喷剂。
10.权利要求1~9任意一项所述的鼻喷剂在制备治疗鼻炎的药物中的应用。
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