CN117647833A - Continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and device, and relates to the technical field of detection of underground medium positions and petrophysical properties. Comprising the following steps: s1, acquiring seismic reflection wave data; s2, determining a target range; s3, determining acquisition parameters; s4, determining an on-site layout mode; s5, determining acquisition equipment; s6, continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition is implemented. The invention realizes the acquisition of the seismic scattered waves in time and space continuity; compared with the existing time-lapse earthquake, the construction mode is flexible, and the construction cost is low; the method supports the earthquake acquisition method based on compressed sensing, supports multi-period earthquake acquisition data superposition, is convenient for dynamically monitoring the underground medium, and can record lithology and physical property changes of the underground medium in real time and continuously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detecting the position and the petrophysical property of an underground medium, in particular to a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and a device.
Background
The seismic exploration technology can be widely applied to various fields such as oil and gas field exploration and development, deep mineral exploration, near-surface engineering, environment exploration and the like, and provides key geological static and dynamic information, for example, stratum structure exploration: information about the structure of the subsurface formation may be provided, including formation interface location, attitude, spatial ductility; subsurface reservoir evaluation: information about subsurface geologic bodies and their petrophysical properties, including rock type, pore structure, permeability, and the like, may be provided; dynamic monitoring: the method can be used for monitoring physical property changes of underground medium and underground fluid dynamics; environmental monitoring: the method can be used for monitoring the stability and the safety of the underground rock stratum, and can detect abnormal changes of the underground rock stratum by continuously monitoring the earthquake activity and the earthquake magnitude, including the occurrence of earthquake events and the changes of underground stress; gas storage or greenhouse gas monitoring: seismic monitoring can be used to detect and locate gas leaks in subsurface reservoirs, and the location and scale of greenhouse gas leaks can be found.
The currently used reflected wave seismic exploration technology is mainly applied to describing the morphology of an underground interface, the physical properties of a large-scale medium and the changes thereof, but fundamentally lacks the resolution required by fully characterizing the complex medium and the adaptability for detecting lithology and fluid changes in the complex medium, and the cost of reflected wave time-lapse seismic acquisition is higher and is not suitable for carrying out continuous monitoring.
Therefore, a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition device are provided, and a low-cost and high-efficiency solution is provided for solving the difficulties existing in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and device, which realize the completeness acquisition of seismic wave field data, obtain irregular, ultra-high density and continuous seismic wave field data, have ergodic characteristics, support multi-period seismic data stacking and adapt to long-term dynamic monitoring of an underground geological target.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring seismic reflection wave data: obtaining three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data;
s2, determining a target range: determining a seismic scattered wave acquisition range according to a geological target;
s3, determining acquisition parameters: determining acquisition parameters of seismic scattered waves according to the scale of the described medium change;
s4, determining a layout mode: determining the layout mode of the seismic scattering wave offset points according to the channel density;
s5, determining acquisition equipment: determining an excitation mode and a receiving device;
s6, collecting seismic scattered waves: and continuously acquiring the seismic scattered waves by using S1-S5.
In the above method, optionally, the specific content of the seismic reflection wave data acquired in S1 is: and obtaining the structural information of the underground medium with different dimensions and the velocity field data of the underground medium by utilizing the early or current three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data.
In the above method, optionally, the specific content of determining the target range in S2 is: and designing an observation system based on the ergodic and local rules, and designing a scattered wave seismic acquisition range by taking a geological target as a guide.
In the above method, optionally, the acquisition parameters determined in S3 include maximum offset and track pitch selection, imaging bin and coverage frequency selection.
In the above method, optionally, the specific content of determining the layout manner in S4 is: and adopting non-pile number random acquisition, and obtaining space continuous sampling and arbitrary surface element superposition combination through excitation and reception controlled by gun channel density.
The method described above, optionally, the excitation method of the acquisition equipment in S5 includes, but is not limited to, selecting a weight or a controllable source;
the receiving device is any one of a cable detector string, a wireless acquisition station, node equipment and an optical fiber detector.
In the above method, optionally, the specific content of the seismic scattered wave acquisition in S6 is: the method comprises the steps of adopting an area construction mode without pile numbers in the field, carrying out acquisition and observation on any scale and any shape of an underground target, and determining the density of excitation points or the density of detection points of each round according to the total gun channel density and construction time efficiency based on the area range acquired by the underground target and the ground by adopting a detector or an excitation device which is relatively fixed; and exciting all shots once to form a round, taking a plurality of acquisition rounds which are indiscriminately combined in a time period as an acquisition period, designing a plurality of acquisition periods according to the total shot channel density of scattered wave imaging completed in each period, and carrying out data processing and comparison on the plurality of acquisition periods to obtain a result of dynamically monitoring underground medium and fluid changes according to a certain time interval.
A continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition apparatus for performing a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method of any of the above, comprising: the system comprises an earthquake acquisition design unit, an excitation unit, a receiving unit and a data management and storage unit;
the earthquake acquisition design unit is connected with the input ends of the excitation unit, the receiving unit and the data management and storage unit and is used for determining the size and coverage times of the surface elements and determining the density of the cannon channels, and the positions and the number of the detectors and the earthquake sources are calculated through earthquake scattered wave acquisition design software;
the excitation unit is connected with the input end of the receiving unit and is used for generating output information from the SPS file according to the random layout principle;
the receiving unit is connected with the input end of the data management and storage unit and is used for transmitting the received information to the data management and storage unit for management and storage;
and the data management and storage unit is connected with the output ends of the excitation unit and the receiving unit and is used for transmitting, arranging and storing the data acquired in real time.
The device is optional, the excitation unit is an excitation device consisting of a set of controllable vibration source or heavy hammer physically, the position of a set of excitation points and excitation parameters thereof are determined through design spatially, and a GPS time service system is utilized temporally;
the receiving unit is physically formed by a group of detector strings connected by cables, a wireless or wired acquisition station and a node instrument, and is spatially a group of receiving point positions which are determined through design, and a GPS time service system is used in time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and device, which have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention continuously collects the seismic scattered waves, obtains continuous dynamic data through uninterrupted continuous seismic observation in time and space domains, provides a low-cost, high-precision and strong continuous seismic collection method, not only provides a fixed or semi-fixed excitation and receiving device, but also provides the effectiveness of the completely repeated collection mode of the excitation and receiving device on seismic imaging, and does not need collection equipment to keep consistent with parameters.
(2) The invention realizes the time and space continuous scattered wave seismic acquisition under the condition of not increasing equipment.
(3) Compared with the existing time-lapse earthquake, the invention has flexible construction mode and low construction cost.
(4) The invention supports a seismic acquisition method based on compressed sensing.
(5) The invention supports superposition of multi-period seismic acquisition data and facilitates dynamic monitoring of underground media.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for collecting continuous seismic scattered waves provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a continuous scattered wave acquisition mode and a multi-period data presentation effect achieved by multi-period acquisition according to an embodiment of the present invention; the method comprises the steps of a, representing an effect diagram of distribution data of shot detection points, b, representing an effect diagram of first period coverage times, c, representing an effect diagram of second period coverage times, and d, representing a multi-period data representing effect diagram of third period coverage times.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention belongs to the technology of positioning or existence monitoring by utilizing seismic scattered waves, relates to the technical fields of oil and gas field exploration and development, mineral exploration, foundation engineering and environmental protection, and is used for detecting the position and petrophysical properties of an underground medium and monitoring the change of the petrophysical properties of the underground medium.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring seismic reflection wave data: obtaining three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data;
s2, determining a target range: determining a seismic scattered wave acquisition range according to a geological target;
s3, determining acquisition parameters: determining acquisition parameters of seismic scattered waves according to the scale of the described medium change;
s4, determining a layout mode: determining the layout mode of the seismic scattering wave offset points according to the channel density;
s5, determining acquisition equipment: determining an excitation mode and a receiving device;
s6, collecting seismic scattered waves: and continuously acquiring the seismic scattered waves by using S1-S5.
Further, the specific content of the seismic reflection wave data obtained in S1 is: and obtaining the structural information of the underground medium with different dimensions and the velocity field data of the underground medium by utilizing the early or current three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data.
Further, the specific content of the target range determined in S2 is: and designing an observation system based on the ergodic and local rules, and designing a scattered wave seismic acquisition range by taking a geological target as a guide.
Further, the acquisition parameters determined in S3 include maximum offset and track pitch selection, imaging bin and coverage count selection.
Further, the specific content of the layout mode determined in S4 is: and adopting non-pile number random acquisition, and obtaining space continuous sampling and arbitrary surface element superposition combination through excitation and reception controlled by gun channel density.
Further, the excitation method of the acquisition equipment in S5 includes, but is not limited to, selecting a weight or a controllable source;
the receiving device is any one of a cable detector string, a wireless acquisition station, node equipment and an optical fiber detector.
Specifically, the excitation mode is a heavy hammer or a controllable source or other devices meeting the requirement of seismic wave energy downloading.
Further, the specific content of the seismic scattered wave acquisition in the step S6 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting an area construction mode without pile numbers in the field, carrying out acquisition and observation on any scale and any shape of an underground target, and determining the density of excitation points or the density of detection points of each round according to the total gun channel density and construction time efficiency based on the area range acquired by the underground target and the ground by adopting a detector or an excitation device which is relatively fixed; and exciting all shots once to form a round, taking a plurality of acquisition rounds which are indiscriminately combined in a time period as an acquisition period, designing a plurality of acquisition periods according to the total shot channel density of scattered wave imaging completed in each period, and carrying out data processing and comparison on the plurality of acquisition periods to obtain a result of dynamically monitoring underground medium and fluid changes according to a certain time interval.
In one embodiment, the method is performed in CCUS (CO 2 Capture occurrence utilization) engineering is exemplified:
s1, obtaining three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data
The method for acquiring the space-time continuous scattered wave seismic data in a large area is neither feasible nor cost-controlled, the three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data acquired in early or current period can be acquired, the spatial sampling density can be amplified by one data magnitude compared with the scattered wave seismic acquisition, for example, 20-50M surface elements are adopted, the large-scale structural imaging of the underground medium and the velocity field of the underground medium are obtained, and the cost for acquiring the continuous seismic scattered wave can be greatly reduced.
S2, determining the seismic scattered wave acquisition range according to the geological target
As shown in FIG. 2, CO injection in abandoned reservoirs is shown 2 The design examples for improving the recovery ratio of the residual oil are applicable to important exploration dessert evaluation areas, important oilfield evaluation areas, important cluster well development well sites, important horizontal well section fracturing sites, underground gas storage construction and greenhouse gas underground storage construction. Due to the limitations of underground targets, 1-5 hundred million parts of CO are present 2 The underground area of the reservoir is generally 2-10 square kilometers, and the area of the ground surface on which the excitation receiving device is arranged is approximately equivalent, and if only a key local area needs to be monitored, the area can be controlled to be about 5 square kilometers.
S3, determining acquisition parameters of the seismic scattered waves according to the scale of the change of the descriptive medium
Maximum offset and track pitch selection: assuming a physical depth of burial of the target of 2000 meters, a main frequency of the seismic wave of 45Hz, a maximum offset of scattered wave seismic acquisition may be less than 200 meters (based onWherein->Is the maximum offset +.>Is the main frequency of earthquake wave>For the desired layer sag). Because detectors are randomly laid out under dense conditions, the trace spacing will not be a fixed value, but a normal distribution around a certain central value, the median of the trace spacing being about the reflected wave seismic acquisition1/4-1/10 of the track pitch, i.e. the median of the track pitch is 2-5 meters.
Imaging surface element and coverage times are selected: if the median of the trace spacing is 2-5 meters, the spatial sampling rate will be distributed between 0.5 meters and 3.5 meters, 1 meter of surface element is selected for repeated measurement, the variation of the non-uniform mass is described, the obtained mainly near offset data is improved by 1 order of magnitude compared with the seismic acquisition of the reflected wave in the same offset range, for example, the seismic reflected wave data is acquired according to 20 meters by 20 meters of surface elements, the coverage of 0-200 meters of offset is 2 times, the seismic scattered wave data is acquired in 1 meter of surface element, the coverage of 0-200 meters of offset is more than 20 times, and the continuous acquisition can be realized.
S4, determining the layout mode of the seismic scattering wave offset points according to the channel density
Random collection without pile number: and through excitation and reception of gun channel density control, space continuous sampling and arbitrary surface element superposition combination are realized.
According to the lane density = number of surface elements per unit area x coverage times, acquiring 20 coverage times by adopting 1 meter surface element acquisition and acquiring offset data of 0-200 meters, wherein the lane density is 2000 ten thousand lanes per square kilometer. Total number of seismic traces = trace density in the acquisition range of 5 square kilometers acquisition area, 1 billion traces can be recorded.
From the acquisition capability, the total number of received shots is first determined, and then the total number of shots fired is determined. Total number of shots excited = total number of seismic traces/number of traces received per shot, 2000 shots per unit area if 10000 traces of receiving means are prepared, 10000 shots if collected within 5 square kilometers.
S5, determining an excitation mode and a receiving device
Selection of excitation modes (detectors and sources): the excitation mode is to select a heavy hammer, a controllable seismic source or other high-efficiency low-cost equipment, a detector which is the same as the acquisition of the earlier seismic reflection wave is not required to be selected, a relatively high-frequency detector can be selected, a cable detector string, a wireless acquisition station or node equipment can be selected, and the principle of environmental protection and economic controllability is adopted.
The common center point discretization and space continuous sampling technology makes it necessary to randomly arrange the gun-receiver points, and simultaneously, the backscattering energy generated by the complex medium is weak and the ultra-high gun channel density acquisition becomes necessary. The method can effectively control the seismic acquisition cost by using the compressed sensing technology, and greatly reduce the excitation times or the received channel number (more than 20%) in the random acquisition and receiving process, namely, 8000 detectors are actually prepared, and three-dimensional seismic scattered wave acquisition within the range of 5 square kilometers can be realized by excitation 8000 times.
S6, continuously collecting seismic scattered waves by using S1-S5
The underground target can be of any scale and any shape, the relation between the underground target and the ground is firstly considered by adopting an area construction mode without pile numbers, the fixed embedding of the detector is assumed to be the same as that of the underground target, and the shot point has a half Fresnel zone of expanded edge relative to the detector. Irrespective of the compressed sensing technology, the number of available detectors is 10000, the pre-buried channel density of the detectors is 2000 channels/square kilometer, when in field construction, 2000 ten thousand channels/square kilometer confirmed by geological requirement demonstration are realized in each acquisition period, 10000 times of excitation are completed, assuming that one acquisition period needs to be realized through 10 acquisition turns, each turn is excited once in an acquisition range, the gun density of each acquisition turn = unit area gun density/number of turns of each acquisition period, thus 1000 guns are excited per turn, and the gun density of a single turn is 200 guns/square kilometer. On the contrary, 1000 fixed excitation piles can be designed in the construction range of 5 square kilometers, 10 rounds of fixed-point excitation are distributed according to the track density area of 2000 square kilometers by a detector, 10000 tracks are used for receiving each time, and data acquisition of one period can be completed. The change of underground medium and fluid can be continuously monitored by a plurality of continuous periods, and the continuous monitoring can be realized by a scattered wave acquisition mode of channel density control and by multi-period acquisition. Fig. 3 shows an acquisition mode and a multi-period data presentation effect diagram realized by multi-period acquisition, wherein a is a shot point detection point distribution data presentation effect diagram, b is a first period coverage frequency data presentation effect diagram, c is a second period coverage frequency data presentation effect diagram, and d is a third period coverage frequency multi-period data presentation effect diagram.
Corresponding to the method shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention further provides a continuous seismic scattered wave collecting device, which is used for implementing the method in fig. 1 specifically, and includes: the system comprises an earthquake acquisition design unit, an excitation unit, a receiving unit and a data management and storage unit;
the earthquake acquisition design unit is connected with the input ends of the excitation unit, the receiving unit and the data management and storage unit and is used for determining the size and coverage times of the surface elements and determining the density of the cannon channels, and the positions and the number of the detectors and the earthquake sources are calculated through earthquake scattered wave acquisition design software;
the excitation unit is connected with the input end of the receiving unit and is used for generating output information from the SPS file according to the random layout principle;
the receiving unit is connected with the input end of the data management and storage unit and is used for transmitting the received information to the data management and storage unit for management and storage;
and the data management and storage unit is connected with the output ends of the excitation unit and the receiving unit and is used for transmitting, arranging and storing the data acquired in real time.
Furthermore, the excitation unit is physically an excitation device formed by a set of controllable vibration source or heavy hammer, and is spatially a set of positions of excitation points and excitation parameters thereof which are determined through design, and a GPS time service system is utilized in time;
the receiving unit is physically formed by a group of detector strings connected by cables, a wireless or wired acquisition station and a node instrument, and is spatially a group of receiving point positions which are determined through design, and a GPS time service system is used in time.
Specifically, the earthquake acquisition design unit realizes the following steps through earthquake scattered wave acquisition design software: the size and the coverage times of the surface elements are determined according to the geological requirements and the complexity degree of geological conditions, the channel density is determined, the number of receiving channels and the number of firing guns are determined, and meanwhile, the use amount of the receiving channels and the number of firing guns is reduced by adopting a compressed sensing technology. Each acquisition unit generates a shot point with random positions, a detection point coordinate and a corresponding serial number, and a plurality of acquisition units which can be combined indiscriminately are considered to be used as an acquisition period in the same time period to generate a unified SPS file. And designing a plurality of acquisition periods according to the set time interval to generate respective SPS files. By comparing the multi-period processing data, the change of the underground medium and the fluid can be continuously monitored.
Specifically, the excitation unit is a set of excitation system consisting of controllable vibration sources or heavy hammers physically, because the excitation system is not suitable for explosive vibration source excitation due to high density and high repeatability, the excitation unit is a set of positions of excitation points and excitation parameters thereof which are determined through design, the spatial positions of the excitation points are not regularly arranged any more, and the positions output by the SPS file generation unit are utilized in time according to the random layout principle.
Specifically, the receiving unit, a group of detector strings connected by cables and a wireless or wired acquisition station, transmit the received information to the data management and storage unit for recording, or use nodes to adopt local receiving and local recording and periodically recycle. Regardless of the receiving device, the GPS time service system is utilized in time according to the distribution of the gun channel density at random instead of fixed-point distribution.
Specifically, the data management and storage unit: a set of real-time, software-controlled data management and storage systems. And transmitting, arranging and storing the real-time acquisition data.
Specifically, the GPS timing system acquires standard time signals from GPS satellites, and transmits the information to a unit needing time information in the continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition device through various interface types, so that the time synchronization of the whole device is achieved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring seismic reflection wave data: obtaining three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data;
s2, determining a target range: determining a seismic scattered wave acquisition range according to a geological target;
s3, determining acquisition parameters: determining acquisition parameters of seismic scattered waves according to the scale of the described medium change;
s4, determining a layout mode: determining the layout mode of the seismic scattering wave offset points according to the channel density;
s5, determining acquisition equipment: determining an excitation mode and a receiving device;
s6, collecting seismic scattered waves: and continuously acquiring the seismic scattered waves by using S1-S5.
2. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the specific content of the seismic reflection wave data obtained in the S1 is as follows: and obtaining the structural information of the underground medium with different dimensions and the velocity field data of the underground medium by utilizing the early or current three-dimensional reflected wave seismic data.
3. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the specific content of the target range determined in the S2 is as follows: and designing an observation system based on the ergodic and local rules, and designing a scattered wave seismic acquisition range by taking a geological target as a guide.
4. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the acquisition parameters determined in S3 include maximum offset and track spacing selection, imaging bin and coverage count selection.
5. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the specific content of the layout mode determined in the S4 is as follows: and adopting non-pile number random acquisition, and obtaining space continuous sampling and arbitrary surface element superposition combination through excitation and reception controlled by gun channel density.
6. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the excitation mode of the acquisition equipment in S5 comprises, but is not limited to, selecting a heavy hammer or a controllable vibration source;
the receiving device is any one of a cable detector string, a wireless acquisition station, node equipment and an optical fiber detector.
7. A method of continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition according to claim 1, wherein,
the specific content of the seismic scattered wave acquisition in the S6 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting an area construction mode without pile numbers in the field, carrying out acquisition and observation on any scale and any shape of an underground target, and determining the density of excitation points or the density of detection points of each round according to the total gun channel density and construction time efficiency based on the area range acquired by the underground target and the ground by adopting a detector or an excitation device which is relatively fixed; and exciting all shots once to form a round, taking a plurality of acquisition rounds which are indiscriminately combined in a time period as an acquisition period, designing a plurality of acquisition periods according to the total shot channel density of scattered wave imaging completed in each period, and carrying out data processing and comparison on the plurality of acquisition periods to obtain a result of dynamically monitoring underground medium and fluid changes according to a certain time interval.
8. A continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition apparatus, wherein a continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method of any of claims 1-7 is performed, comprising: the system comprises an earthquake acquisition design unit, an excitation unit, a receiving unit and a data management and storage unit;
the earthquake acquisition design unit is connected with the input ends of the excitation unit, the receiving unit and the data management and storage unit and is used for determining the size and coverage times of the surface elements and determining the density of the cannon channels, and the positions and the number of the detectors and the earthquake sources are calculated through earthquake scattered wave acquisition design software;
the excitation unit is connected with the input end of the receiving unit and is used for generating output information from the SPS file according to the random layout principle;
the receiving unit is connected with the input end of the data management and storage unit and is used for transmitting the received information to the data management and storage unit for management and storage;
and the data management and storage unit is connected with the output ends of the excitation unit and the receiving unit and is used for transmitting, arranging and storing the data acquired in real time.
9. A continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition device as claimed in claim 8, wherein,
the excitation unit is physically an excitation device formed by a set of controllable vibration source or heavy hammer, and is spatially a set of positions of excitation points and excitation parameters thereof which are determined through design, and a GPS time service system is utilized in time;
the receiving unit is physically formed by a group of detector strings connected by cables, a wireless or wired acquisition station and a node instrument, and is spatially a group of receiving point positions which are determined through design, and a GPS time service system is used in time.
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