CN115061189A - Seismic wave acquisition method and system based on quantum measurement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seismic wave acquisition system and method based on quantum measurement, and relates to the field of seismic wave data acquisition. The method comprises the following specific steps: determining a quantum seismic wave acquisition area; in the acquisition region, an excitation unit and a receiving unit are arranged, and the multi-state seismic wave acquisition is realized by superposing the quantum state random acquisition and the geometric state regular acquisition in a time-space domain; in the process of seismic wave acquisition, space sampling and small area element covering times are controlled by means of shot path density to obtain seismic wave data; and storing the seismic wave data. The invention can utilize the reflected wave to obtain the information of the laminated medium, and simultaneously can utilize the diffracted wave and the scattered wave to obtain the information of the non-laminated medium in a balanced manner, thereby improving the seismic detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic wave data acquisition, in particular to a seismic wave acquisition method and system based on quantum measurement.
Background
The seismic data acquisition is the most main basic work of seismic exploration, for a reflection wave seismic exploration technology, the layered medium assumption is followed, the main targets are to improve the interface imaging accuracy and improve the vertical resolution capability of a thin interbed, and the seismic data acquisition is sparse state measurement activity based on ray path calculation under the condition that an underground geological interface meets Fresnel in-band reflection wave coherent stacking conditions. As long as the shot point and the detector are sparsely deployed on the ground surface, and the reflected wave propagation travel received by each common central point (CMP) gather is accurately calculated, the accurate homing of the underground reflection interface can be realized.
However, the reflected seismic waves are not enough to describe complex geological structures, the crust is composed of multi-scale geological bodies, and the seismic waves are in multi-state propagation characteristics such as reflection, diffraction, scattering and the like in the crust medium. The sparse and regular shot line and geophone line acquisition mode is used, so that the sampling of geologic body space with the underground scale of 1-10 meters or less cannot be solved, and the acquisition of weak signals such as diffracted waves, scattered waves and the like is not facilitated. Therefore, the current seismic wave acquisition method restricts the development of high-precision seismic exploration technology and cannot meet the requirements of high-quality oil-gas resource development and mineral resource exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and a system for seismic wave acquisition based on quantum measurement to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a seismic wave acquisition method based on quantum measurement comprises the following specific steps:
determining a quantum seismic wave acquisition area;
in the acquisition region, an excitation unit and a receiving unit are arranged, the quantum state shot point and the demodulator probe are used for local random acquisition and the geometric state shot point and the demodulator probe are used for beam-shaped regular acquisition and are superposed in a time-space domain, and multi-state seismic wave acquisition is realized by unifying near-surface conditions;
in the process of seismic wave acquisition, space sampling and small area element covering times are controlled by means of shot path density to obtain seismic wave data;
and storing the seismic wave data in a data sorting unit.
Optionally, multi-domain signal reception for the acquisition region is also included.
Optionally, multiple seismic wave acquisitions are performed for a specific target of the acquisition area.
Optionally, excitation points and detector points are locally and randomly distributed, and the distance between shot points and the distance between detector points are unevenly changed in a fixed range, so that small surface elements, small track distances, small offset distances and high-coverage sampling of an acquisition area are realized.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step of performing multi-domain control in the seismic wave acquisition process by adopting offset distance and multiple covering, so that the purposes of increasing the covering times of small surface elements in a near-bias mode, borrowing large surface element gathers in a far-bias mode, counting small surface element traces and balancing energy are achieved.
On the other hand, the seismic wave acquisition system based on quantum measurement comprises an area determination module, an acquisition module, a first signal enhancement module and a data sorting module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the region confirmation module is used for limiting the acquisition range of the quantum seismic waves by utilizing the early-stage geometric state seismic acquisition data through seismic processing, interpretation and geological analysis;
the acquisition module is used for arranging the excitation unit and the receiving unit in the acquisition area, and realizing multi-state seismic wave acquisition by superposing the quantum state random acquisition and the geometric state regular acquisition in a time-space domain;
the first signal enhancement module is used for controlling space sampling and small area coverage times by using the shot channel density in the seismic wave acquisition process to obtain seismic wave data;
and the data sorting module is used for storing the seismic wave data.
Optionally, the system further comprises an observation system design module, which is used for determining the spatial distribution of shot-geophone points and the relationship between the shot-geophone points, and performing real-time adjustment in the acquisition process.
Optionally, the system further comprises a second signal enhancement module, which is used for enhancing weak signals in the seismic waves by receiving multi-domain signals and acquiring the seismic waves for multiple times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses and provides a seismic wave acquisition system and method based on quantum measurement, and the system and method have the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) the invention adopts the gun path density to control the space sampling and the multiple covering, can be infinitely subdivided in space according to the geological object scale, and locally and randomly arranges the excitation points and the wave detection points, thereby realizing the space sampling interval multistage subdivision of the ground seismic survey, or achieving the continuous sampling density, and meeting the wave particle duality requirement of the quantum survey.
(2) The invention adopts a superposition mode of a regular observation system and a non-regular observation system, thereby not only ensuring the statistics of quantum measurement, but also controlling the uncertainty of the quantum measurement and ensuring that the measurement result collapses in a proper quantum state.
(3) The invention adopts multi-domain control of offset distance, multiple coverage and the like, realizes near-high coverage, is beneficial to the collection of weak signals of diffracted waves, scattered waves and the like, and is beneficial to the enhancement of local weak signals.
(4) The invention supports multiple superposition of seismic acquisition, considers the complexity of an exploration object and the superposition of quantum measurement, supports excitation and reception of a multi-period and multi-observation system, not only improves the data density, but also greatly saves the acquisition cost.
(5) The method supports higher-precision seismic exploration, the lower limit of the transverse resolution capability of the existing seismic exploration technology is 10-100 meters, the method can improve the transverse resolution capability of the earthquake by one order of magnitude to 1-10 meters, describe the lithology, physical property and fluid-containing change of a target body, and serve mineral resources development (figure 5).
(6) The invention supports multi-period time-lapse earthquake, can realize N-dimensional earthquake data acquisition, and can be widely applied to monitoring of geological foundation engineering and monitoring of mineral resource development engineering.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-state seismic acquisition of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of regular arrangement of shot point spacing and demodulator probe spacing;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the local random arrangement of shot-to-shot spacing and demodulator probe spacing according to the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is a diagram of a conventional reflected wave seismic imaging of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is a polymorphic seismic imaging plot of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a system configuration diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a seismic wave acquisition method based on quantum measurement, which comprises the following specific steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, determining a quantum seismic wave acquisition area;
s2, arranging an excitation unit and a receiving unit in the acquisition area, and superposing the local random acquisition of quantum state shot points and demodulator probes and the beam-shaped regular acquisition of geometric state shot points and demodulator probes in a time-space domain to realize multi-state seismic wave acquisition;
s3, in the seismic wave acquisition process, utilizing the shot-path density to control space sampling and small area coverage times to obtain seismic wave data;
and S4, sorting and storing the seismic wave data.
Specifically, a quantum seismic wave acquisition area is determined by utilizing early-stage geometric seismic acquisition data through seismic processing, explanation and geological analysis; considering the locality of the target and the seismic acquisition cost, the range is generally selected to be 1+ or 10+ square kilometers.
In the acquisition region, an excitation unit and a receiving unit are arranged, and the multi-state seismic wave acquisition is realized by superposing the quantum state random acquisition and the geometric state regular acquisition in a time-space domain; in order to control the uncertainty of the system result caused by quantum measurement or guide the system result to collapse according to a certain quantum state, the combination of regular measurement and local random measurement is needed, a multi-observation system design is adopted, for example, the combination of regular pencil-shaped shot points, demodulator probe arrangement, small offset distance (0-1000 m), small track distance (0-5 m) and small shot point distance (0-50 m) local random shot points and demodulator probe arrangement is adopted, so that polymorphic seismic wave acquisition is realized, as shown in fig. 2;
in the acquisition process, the shot channel density is used for controlling space sampling and small surface element covering times, excitation points and wave detection points are locally and randomly distributed, the shot point distance and the wave detection point distance are unevenly changed in a fixed range, small surface element, small track distance, small offset distance and high coverage sampling of an acquisition area are realized, and multi-domain control is performed in the seismic wave acquisition process by adopting offset distance and multiple covering, so that the small surface element covering times are increased in a near bias mode, large surface element channel sets are borrowed in a far bias mode, the small surface element channel number is increased, and energy balance is realized. The generated common-center gather has a space discrete characteristic and meets the requirement of multi-surface element division, and the extracted CMP (common-center) gather can realize multi-surface element division, and 1/2 needing to distinguish the minimum scale is generally selected as the best surface element to obtain seismic wave data.
Furthermore, wave-particle duality (wave-particle duality) is an important characteristic of quantum measurement, the scale of a geological object can be infinitely subdivided in space, and theoretically, the space sampling interval of ground seismic measurement tends to be infinitely small or continuous sampling density is achieved. The method includes the steps of realizing ultra-dense or continuous sampling of seismic space sampling intervals, combining two operation modes, as shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), wherein one operation mode is a non-strict mode of exciting and receiving according to a shot line and a receiver line, and according to a local random concept, the shot point distance and the receiver point distance can be changed and are not uniform within a certain range, so that a common-center gather generated by the method has a space discrete characteristic and meets the requirement of multi-surface element division, and therefore two concepts of a basic surface element and an optimal surface element are generated, wherein the basic surface element refers to a sampling interval which can meet the minimum requirement of spatial resolution and is generally equal to a surface element which is regularly acquired, the optimal surface element refers to a sampling interval which meets the optimum requirement of spatial resolution, and 1/2 which needs to distinguish the minimum dimension is generally selected. The other is a local random concept, the shot point distance and the demodulator probe distance can be changed and uneven within a certain range, and because weak signals are overlapped for many times, the coverage times in the surface element are required to be guaranteed for small surface element division. Most convenient for understanding the density of the gun paths are two interrelated formulas:
track density (1) number of coverage per unit area bin
Total number of shots per unit area (2)
The formula (1) shows that the shot path density is mainly controlled by the surface element number of the unit area, and the covering times are composed of regular acquisition and random acquisition so as to realize the enhancement of the weak signals with the near offset distance. Each square kilometer is divided into bins according to the interval of 1 meter by 1 meter, the total number of bins is 100 ten thousand, if 100 times of coverage are needed, the density of the shot tracks is 1 hundred million times per square kilometer. Formula (2) shows that the shot-track density is the product of the number of tracks received by each shot and the total number of shots, and in order to realize the shot-track density of 1 hundred million times/square kilometers, the shot-track density has various combination modes, namely 1 million-track receiving combined with 1 ten thousand times of excitation, or 10 million-track receiving combined with 1 thousand times of excitation, and needs multiple factors such as comprehensive technical evaluation, environmental protection requirements, equipment investment, consumed material investment and the like.
Another important feature of quantum measurement is locality (localization), and seismic exploration is not able to define the exact location of diffracted and scattered waves, but is known to occur on near-offset gathers or self-excited gathers. By adopting the control of the region regular acquisition, the local random acquisition data fusion and the like, the near-high coverage can be realized, the acquisition of multi-state weak signals such as diffraction waves, scattering waves and the like is facilitated, and the enhancement of local signals is facilitated.
The important characteristics of quantum measurement also include the superposition (superposition), and seismic acquisition can be completed once or through multiple acquisitions. Under the quantum measurement concept, multiple seismic acquisitions are carried out for local targets, and the density of 1 hundred million seismic traces per square kilometer or higher can be realized. Meanwhile, aiming at multiple times of acquisition of a specific target, weak movement in a limited space is realized, time is used for obtaining high sampling density, acquisition cost is reduced by time, and the physical realization of a quantum measurement technology in seismic exploration is ensured. As shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), it can be seen that the accuracy of acquisition is improved by using the method of the present invention to acquire seismic waves.
Unlike the classical precise measurement method, the quantum measurement means that the measurement itself is a part of a physical system and affects the state of the system, the quantum state describes the state of an isolated system and contains all the information of the system, and the result of the measurement on the system can be given as long as the information of the quantum state of the system is known according to the statistical interpretation of the wave function of Bonn. Quantum systems are used to describe not only the micro world but also the macro world, and it is thought that the macro measurement of a large system consisting of a large number of quantum systems in a certain state can be used as an inspection of quantum theory and measurement principle. In terms of seismic exploration, time sampling is meter-level generally, space sampling is ten meter-level, seismic acquisition is improved by one order of magnitude according to a quantum measurement concept, and equivalently, seismic imaging precision is improved by several orders of magnitude.
Secondly, the crust structure and the seismic acquisition form a macroscopic quantum system, and the system has the characteristic of quantum superposition, namely the crust structure can exist in various scale environments before being measured, for example, crust media are described by different scales all the time, a well drilling core is described in a micrometer and millimeter level, and a logging curve is sampled in a centimeter and decimeter level; the system has uncertainty characteristics, such as the reflection state of an interface when reflected wave measurement is carried out, the diffraction state of the interface or a medium continuous interruption when diffracted wave measurement is carried out, and the scattering state of granules when scattered wave measurement is carried out; the system has the characteristic of locality, and weak signal amplification can be realized through multi-dimensional enhancement by knowing the position of seismic waves in a specific state; furthermore, the system is also provided with quantum measurement features, i.e. the measurement itself affects the result of the measurement. Polymorphic seismic acquisition based on quantum measurement can be realized by utilizing the characteristics of the quantum system.
Seismic acquisition based on quantum measurement: and reasonably utilizing the interference of the measurement on the seismic imaging of the crust structure according to the fact that the measurement is a component of the seismic imaging of the crust structure, and obtaining the quantum state information of the crust structure.
In the embodiment, the excitation unit is composed of a vibroseis or a well cannon controlled by an explosive machine; the broadband excitation of the well gun and the controllable seismic source can be realized, the excitation frequency needs to be expanded to 1.5-3Hz at the low-frequency end, and is increased to 140-160Hz at the high-frequency end, and the broadband excitation exceeding 6 octaves is realized.
The receiving unit comprises node instruments and a collecting station, the node instruments are used locally in large scale and at high density, the number of the node instruments used per square kilometer can reach 104 or more, and is increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the conventional collection. Because the node instrument has high use density and small space, a new breakthrough is needed in the aspects of low noise, low power consumption, low cost, small volume, intensification and the like.
The wired acquisition station transmits the received information to the instrument center recording unit for recording, and the wireless node instrument is used for local reception and local recording and is periodically recycled. The node instrument and the acquisition station are jointly used, and the local node instrument has a new breakthrough in the aspects of low noise, low power consumption, low cost, small volume and the like, so that the dynamic range of signals can meet 120 decibels.
On the other hand, a seismic wave acquisition system based on quantum measurement is provided, as shown in fig. 5, and comprises an area determination module, an acquisition module, a first signal enhancement module and a data sorting module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the area confirmation module is used for limiting the acquisition range of the quantum seismic waves by utilizing the early-stage geometric seismic acquisition data through seismic processing, interpretation and geological analysis;
the acquisition module is used for arranging the excitation unit and the receiving unit in the acquisition area, and stacking the quantum state random acquisition and the geometric state regular acquisition in a time-space domain to realize multi-state seismic wave acquisition;
the first signal enhancement module is used for controlling space sampling and small area coverage times by using the shot channel density in the seismic wave acquisition process to obtain seismic wave data;
and the data sorting module is used for storing seismic wave data.
And the system further comprises an observation system design module which is used for determining the spatial distribution of the shot-geophone points and the relationship between the shot-geophone points and carrying out real-time adjustment in the acquisition process.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a second signal enhancement module which utilizes multi-domain signal receiving and multiple seismic wave acquisition to enhance weak signals in the seismic waves.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A seismic wave acquisition method based on quantum measurement is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
determining a quantum seismic wave acquisition area;
in the acquisition region, an excitation unit and a receiving unit are arranged, and multi-state seismic wave acquisition is realized by utilizing the beam-shaped regular acquisition of quantum state shot points and demodulator points and the beam-shaped regular acquisition of geometric state shot points and demodulator points in a time-space domain;
in the process of seismic wave acquisition, space sampling and small area element covering times are controlled by means of shot path density to obtain seismic wave data;
and sorting and storing the seismic wave data.
2. A method of seismic wave acquisition based on quantum measurements as claimed in claim 1 further comprising multi-domain signal reception for the acquisition region.
3. The method of quantum measurement-based seismic wave acquisition of claim 1, further comprising performing multiple seismic wave acquisitions for a particular target of an acquisition region.
4. The seismic wave acquisition method based on quantum measurement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that excitation points and detector points are locally randomly arranged, and the distance between shot points and the distance between detector points are non-uniformly changed in a fixed range, so as to realize dense sampling of an acquisition region.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing multi-domain control during seismic acquisition using offset and multiple coverage.
6. A seismic wave acquisition system based on quantum measurement is characterized by comprising an area determination module, an acquisition module, a first signal enhancement module and a data sorting module; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the region determining module is used for limiting the acquisition range of the quantum seismic waves by utilizing the early-stage geometric seismic acquisition data through seismic processing, interpretation and geological analysis;
the acquisition module is used for arranging the excitation unit and the receiving unit in the acquisition area, and realizing multi-state seismic wave acquisition by superposing the quantum state random acquisition and the geometric state regular acquisition in a time-space domain;
the first signal enhancement module is used for controlling space sampling and small element covering times by using the shot channel density in the seismic wave acquisition process to obtain seismic wave data;
and the data sorting module is used for storing the seismic wave data.
7. The system of claim 6, further comprising an observation system design module for determining the spatial distribution of shot-geophone points and their relationship to each other, and performing real-time adjustment during the acquisition process.
8. The system of claim 6, further comprising a second signal enhancement module for enhancing weak signals in the seismic waves by multiple seismic wave acquisitions using multi-domain signal reception.
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| 翟桐立等: "全方位高密度单点接收地震采集技术", 《石油学报》 * |
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| CN117647833A (en) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 北京世纪金道石油技术开发有限公司 | Continuous seismic scattered wave acquisition method and device |
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