CN102680575A - Impact mapping method and system for complicated rock-soil medium - Google Patents
Impact mapping method and system for complicated rock-soil medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impact mapping method and an impact mapping system for a complicated rock-soil medium. The method comprises the following steps of: stimulating an impact wave (P wave) on the surface of the rock-soil medium; and then recording an elastic wave acquired by a single-component or three-component detector which is set within a certain range and has proper fixed frequency. The spatial distribution state of the rock-soil medium is evaluated by analyzing changes such as waveforms, spectrums and wavelets of the acquired elastic wave. The system comprises at least one detector positioned on a detection line, a measurement instrument for recording an impact elastic wave signal received by the detector, and a data processing module for sequentially arranging data measured by the measurement instrument according to the coordinates of the detector, thus obtaining an original common-offset mapping profile, performing waveform distribution, spectrum distribution and time frequency distribution processing and making the processing results into a profile map according to actual positions. The method and the system are provided for complicated rock-soil engineering with low cost, quickness and convenience.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is that a kind of Geotechnical Engineering detects, and the space distribution of particularly complicated rock soil medium (containing cavity, underground water, slurries etc.) detects, and belongs to the Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
Along with the use of lossless detection method in Geotechnical Engineering, the Geotechnical Engineering structure for health diagnosis has obtained very big development.Present Geotechnical Engineering structure lossless detection method mainly contains rebound method, radar method, impact echo method and supercritical ultrasonics technology etc.Rebound method is the most frequently used a kind of lossless detection method, but rebound method can only record the quality condition of body structure surface, and its internal soundness information but can't be learnt; Radar method can accurately be located the inside configuration defective, but receives the influence of reinforcing bar low-resistance shielding bigger, be difficult to obtain reinforcing bar reflected image behind when especially reinforcing bar density is big, and radar can't provide the information of intensity aspect; The impact echo method can record the thickness of inside configuration defective and member, but its longitudinal frame is lower, and accuracy of detection receives the reinforcing bar of inside configuration and water cut to influence bigger; Ultrasound wave though can obtain the velocity of longitudinal wave parameter of material monolithic, can't be applied to the detection of underground Geotechnical Engineering to wearing test.Surface wave is a kind of elastic wave along the media table Es-region propagations, and its velocity of propagation and material dry density, compressive strength etc. have good correlativity.Therefore, the defective of mechanical property and existence that detects the geotechnical structure material with it is significant, is obtaining great attention aspect the Application of nondestructive test of Geotechnical Engineering structure.
In sum, Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement is a complicated system engineering, comprises result's quantitative evaluation and evaluation space.The quantitative evaluation of testing result except that with the relating to parameters of checkout equipment; Also relevant with the analytical approach that detects data; And detect the analytical approach and the interior reinforcing bar distribution of structure, thickness distribution, surrounding rock category, underground water, the basic physics of structure, mechanical index of data; Topography and geomorphology, complex dielectricss such as geology, structure distribute has confidential relation, at present still undistinct for the Forward Modeling and Inversion analytical approach between various detection data and complex dielectrics.According to the site test achievement, and consider to implement complexity and engineering cost, development impact mapping method detects the space distribution of complicated rock soil medium.Achievement in research is that complicated Geotechnical Engineering provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy detection method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of impact mapping method and system of complicated rock soil medium; Be used for detection of complex Geotechnical Engineering slip casting state, cavity distribution etc.; This method through to analyses such as detected shock wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echos, is found out the space distribution (slip casting effect, cavity distribute) of complex dielectrics according to the difference of shock wave propagation characteristic in complicated rock soil medium; Simple and reliable, solve the above-mentioned deficiency that exists in the prior art.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The impact mapping method of a kind of complicated rock soil medium of the present invention, this method writes down the simple component of the suitable natural frequency that is provided with in its certain limit or the elastic wave that three-component seismometer is gathered then through at rock soil medium surface excitation shock wave (P ripple).The elastic wave waveform that collects through analysis, frequency spectrum, small echo etc. change the space distribution state of estimating complicated rock soil medium.
Said method concrete steps of the present invention are following:
The first, a wave detector is set on survey line, knock dielectric surface in the place of wave detector setpoint distance then, simultaneously with measuring instrument records by the impact elasticity ripple signal that wave detector receives, accomplished the data acquisition of a point after;
The second, wave detector and shock point are all moved forward, gather the data of next point again by same method;
Repeat above first, second step process till the data of whole piece survey line have been gathered;
The 3rd; The size of the elastic wave signal that writes down by the wave detector coordinate is arranged in order; Obtain an original common offset distance reflection section, carry out processing such as distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions, according to actual position via make sectional view to result detecting data.
Among the present invention, detect the timely frequency division cloth treatment method of The data distributed wave, two types of sections of a visualization processing formation also comprehensive two kinds of results finally form the testing result section.
Among the present invention, detect section need keep dry, smooth, from 0.5 ~ 1.0 meter of wave detector four shot points are being set.
Among the present invention, wave detector adopts velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz.The coupling that need keep wave detector and ground during detection, the concrete pier that wave detector is connected with ground, area 10 * 10cm, inner mortar or concrete are connected with ground by three screws.
Among the present invention, adopt two kinds of disposal routes of distributed wave and time-frequency distributions to form visual image.
Said distribution process method; Approach the reflectometry in the petroleum prospecting, press the wave detector coordinate to data and launch to form offset distance section altogether, directly infer concrete variation according to the wave form varies situation; Result is according to actual position via made sectional view together; The result of Waveform Analysis Method is ordinate (being directed downwards) with the wave propagation time, is horizontal ordinate (direction to the right) with the distance, representes that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into the elastic wave intensity section.
Said time-frequency distributions disposal route is characterized as ordinate (being directed downwards) with wave frequency, with reverberation time of ripple be horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represent that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into small echo processing figure.Through the knocking of record is carried out time frequency analysis such as continuous wavelet transform, find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer that from the time-frequency variation characteristics of knocking the concrete lower part structure distributes.
The present invention also provides a kind of impact image system of complicated rock soil medium, comprising:
The wave detector that at least one is positioned on the survey line is used to detect the impact elasticity ripple signal that shock point produces when knocking the rock soil medium surface;
Surveying instrument is used to write down the impact elasticity ripple signal that is received by wave detector;
Data processing module; The detection data that surveying instrument is obtained are arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate; Obtain an original common offset distance reflection section, carry out distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions processing then, according to actual position via make sectional view to result.
At present still undistinct for the Forward Modeling and Inversion analytical approach between various detection data and complex dielectrics.The present invention is according to the site test achievement; And complexity and engineering cost are implemented in consideration; Development impact mapping method detects the space distribution of complicated rock soil medium, and achievement in research is that complicated Geotechnical Engineering provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy detection method.This method is similar to the seismic reflection method that petroleum prospecting is used; When hitting the backplate surface of ground medium such as immersed tube tunnel, will produce elastic wave (ground roll, compressional wave and shear wave), elastic wave runs into interface (faying face of different medium) will produce reflection, the situation of the power reflection medium of reflection; Through to analyses such as detected shock wave waveform, frequency spectrum, small echos; Find out the space distribution (slip casting effect, cavity distribute) of complex dielectrics, simple and reliable, the deficiency of solution prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 impacts reflection method synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 wave detector is laid synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 distributed wave is figure as a result;
Fig. 4 time-frequency distributions is figure as a result.
Embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment is that prerequisite is implemented with technical scheme of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, be measuring method synoptic diagram of the present invention.This method:
1 wave detector at first is set on survey line, is knocking concrete surface apart from the place of wave detector dx rice then, simultaneously with instrument record by the impact elasticity ripple signal that wave detector receives, accomplished the data acquisition of a point after; With wave detector and the shock point DX rice that all moves forward, the data of gathering next point again by same method; Repeat above process till the data of whole piece survey line have been gathered;
Then the size of the elastic wave signal that writes down by the wave detector coordinate is arranged in order, obtains an original common offset distance reflection section.Though original common offset distance reflection section can reflect the variation of medium under the interface to a certain extent, generally to carry out various waveform processing such as filtering to original offset distance data altogether so that it can more clearly reflect the situation of change of medium.Put in order detecting data then, comprise distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions etc., according to actual position via make sectional view to result and reach very clear together.Testing result adopts Waveform Analysis Method and time frequency analysis method, visualization processing will form two types of sections also comprehensive two kinds of results finally form the testing result section.
In conjunction with above-mentioned description, provide application implementation example of the present invention:
Present embodiment practical implementation condition and details of operation are following:
(1) testing conditions:
Detect section need keep dry, smooth, from 0.5 ~ 1.0 meter of wave detector four shock points are being set.
(2) wave detector setting:
Adopt the velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz.The coupling that need keep wave detector and ground during detection, the concrete pier that wave detector is connected with ground, area 10 * 10cm, inner mortar or concrete are connected (as shown in Figure 2) by three screws with ground.
(3) surveying instrument:
Surveying instrument can be any digital seismograph, 24 A/D converters and the DRE (various universal seismographs get final product) of high cut-off frequency more than the 5kHz.
(4) excitation device:
Steel ball about 500 grams hits detection faces from 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter high freely falling body.
(5) measuring process:
Detailed operation in the present embodiment: at first surveyed area is carried out gridding, sizing grid 0.5 ~ 1.0m * 0.5 ~ 1.0m, and grid numbered.During detection, put a wave detector at the center of grid, the steel ball about restraining with 1 500 hits grid from 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter high freely falling body 4 angles.Steel ball is fastened with rope, packs up rope touching the moment that base plate rebounds, in case two-hit.The data of four shock points are noted down separately, the processing stage, reject defective signal then on average as a signal.Mobile 2 wave detectors detect next grid then after having detected a grid.So repeat, until covering whole detection plane.
(6) detect data processing
Be arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate through the elastic wave signal of data processing module in the present embodiment record; Obtain an original common offset distance reflection section; Put in order detecting data then; Comprise distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions etc., according to actual position via make sectional view to result and reach very clear together.Detecting processing method of data has two kinds, specifically can adopt wherein any:
1. data analysing method:
Impact elasticity ripple reflection method generally divides waveform to distribute and two kinds of disposal routes of time-frequency distributions:
Distributed wave: approach the reflectometry in the petroleum prospecting, press the wave detector coordinate to data and launch to form offset distance section altogether, directly infer concrete variation according to waveform (amplitude size, waveform abundance, duration etc.) situation of change.In the elastic wave signal, except useful signal, also have various disturbing.Therefore, which kind of method all will be carried out waveform processing to data, through various processing means compacting noises, strengthens useful signal.Processing gimmick commonly used has bandpass filtering, pie slice, the time seismic reflection method such as window and wavelet deconvolution the processing gimmick.According to actual position via make sectional view to result and reach very clear together.The result of wave form analysis is ordinate (being directed downwards) with the wave propagation time, is horizontal ordinate (direction to the right) with the distance, representes that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into elastic wave intensity section (as shown in Figure 3).
2. time-frequency distributions: be characterized as ordinate (being directed downwards) with wave frequency, with reverberation time of ripple be horizontal ordinate (direction to the right), represent that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into small echo processing figure (as shown in Figure 4).Through the knocking of record is carried out time frequency analysis such as continuous wavelet transform, find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer that from the time-frequency variation characteristics of knocking the concrete lower part structure distributes.When the concrete lower part medium when saturated soil becomes slurries, liquid medium can form reverberation effect, thereby the duration can be elongated.And the frequency of this secondary source of students also can change, and therefore can extract this specific character through time frequency analysis, and then can judge the variation of medium.Time-Frequency Analysis Method such as continuous wavelet transform, amount of calculation is big, and its result also can't picture frequency spectrometry that kind comes out with the formal representation of section, can only express with dot information.
Can find out through above embodiment; The inventive method is similar to the seismic reflection method that petroleum prospecting is used; When hitting the backplate surface of immersed tube tunnel, will produce elastic wave (ground roll, compressional wave and shear wave); Elastic wave runs into interface (faying face of different medium) will produce reflection, the situation of the power reflection medium of reflection.Elasticity velocity of wave propagation but very big (more than 3000 meter per seconds) when xoncrete structure detects; The needed time of elastic wave propagation is very short; The various ripples (ground roll, compressional wave direct wave, longitudinal wave reflection ripple, shear wave-compressional wave transformed wave etc.) that produce when impacting mix each other; Can't come various ripple differences with observation, need the data processing means of height to handle.Testing result adopts the timely frequency division cloth of distributed wave; Visualization processing will form two types of sections and comprehensive two kinds of results finally form the testing result section; Be used to estimate the space distribution state of complicated rock soil medium, for complicated Geotechnical Engineering provides a kind of cost low, quick and easy detection method.
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction through above-mentioned preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be conspicuous.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited appended claim.
Claims (10)
1. the impact mapping method of a complicated rock soil medium is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first, a wave detector is set on survey line, knocking dielectric surface with the place of wave detector setpoint distance then, simultaneously with measuring instrument records by the impact elasticity ripple signal that wave detector receives, accomplished the data acquisition of a point after;
The second, wave detector and shock point are all moved forward, gather the data of next point again by same method;
Repeat above first, second step process till the data of whole piece survey line have been gathered;
The 3rd; The size of the elastic wave signal that writes down by the wave detector coordinate is arranged in order; Obtain an original common offset distance reflection section, carry out processing such as distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions, according to actual position via make sectional view to result detecting data.
2. the impact mapping method of complicated rock soil medium according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the disposal route of the timely frequency division cloth of said detection The data distributed wave, two types of sections of a visualization processing formation also comprehensive two kinds of results finally form the testing result section.
3. the impact mapping method of complicated rock soil medium according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said distributed wave disposal route; Press the wave detector coordinate to data and launch to form offset distance section altogether; Directly infer the variation of rock soil medium according to the wave form varies situation, result is according to actual position via made sectional view together, and the result of Waveform Analysis Method is that ordinate promptly is directed downwards with the wave propagation time; With the distance be horizontal ordinate be direction to the right, represent that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into the elastic wave intensity section.
4. the impact mapping method of complicated rock soil medium according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said time-frequency distributions disposal route; Being characterized as ordinate with wave frequency promptly is directed downwards; With reverberation time of ripple be horizontal ordinate be direction to the right, represent that with color or level line the size of amplitude is made into small echo processing figure, through the knocking of record is carried out time frequency analysis such as continuous wavelet transform; Find out signal frequency phenomenon over time, and then infer that from the time-frequency variation characteristics of knocking the concrete lower part structure distributes.
5. according to the impact mapping method of each described complicated rock soil medium of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: said detection section keeps dry, smooth, from 0.5 ~ 1.0 meter of wave detector four shock points is being set.
6. according to the impact mapping method of each described complicated rock soil medium of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: said wave detector adopts the velocity profile wave detector, natural frequency: 4.0 ~ 100Hz, the coupling on maintenance wave detector and ground during detection.
7. the impact image system of a complicated rock soil medium comprises:
The wave detector that at least one is positioned on the survey line is used to detect the impact elasticity ripple signal that shock point produces when knocking dielectric surface;
Surveying instrument is used to write down the impact elasticity ripple signal that is received by wave detector;
Data processing module; The detection data that surveying instrument is obtained are arranged in order by the size of wave detector coordinate; Obtain an original common offset distance reflection section, carry out distributed wave, spectrum distribution, time-frequency distributions processing then, according to actual position via make sectional view to result.
8. the impact image system of complicated rock soil medium according to claim 7 is characterized in that: further comprise and be used to knock the excitation device that dielectric surface produces impact elasticity ripple signal.
9. according to the impact image system of claim 7 or 8 described complicated rock soil medium, it is characterized in that: said surveying instrument is a digital seismograph.
10. according to the impact image system of claim 7 or 8 described complicated rock soil medium, it is characterized in that: said wave detector adopts the velocity profile wave detector, keeps the coupling on wave detector and ground during detection.
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| CN104007176A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 上海交通大学 | Full-wave field detection system and method of complex geotechnical engineering medium |
| CN104034807A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-10 | 同济大学 | Rock and earth mass loosening area ultrasonic detection device |
| CN105866394A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-08-17 | 南通筑升土木工程科技有限责任公司 | Geotechnical engineering medium signal processing method, device and system |
| CN105891339A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-24 | 南通筑升土木工程科技有限责任公司 | Method, device and system for processing signal of geotechnical engineering medium |
| CN105911138A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-08-31 | 南通筑升土木工程科技有限责任公司 | Impact imaging method and system based on average response energy |
| CN107677731A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-09 | 江苏筑升土木工程科技有限公司 | A kind of fault of construction detection means and method based on impact Imaging Method and sonic method |
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| CN111983024A (en) * | 2020-08-29 | 2020-11-24 | 西安石油大学 | Civil construction tunnel quality detection method and detection system thereof |
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| CN112180449A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-05 | 上海交通大学 | Underwater sound wave mapping method and system |
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| CN112557500A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-03-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Underwater elastic wave full wave field nondestructive detection system and method |
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| CN104007176A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-27 | 上海交通大学 | Full-wave field detection system and method of complex geotechnical engineering medium |
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| CN112557500B (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-01-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Underwater elastic wave full wave field nondestructive detection system and method |
| CN112798474A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-05-14 | 西安科技大学 | Method and device for monitoring rock mass grouting diffusion range |
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