CN117626182A - 一种多层复合镀层及其制备方法和产品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种多层复合镀层,所述多层复合镀层包括打底层A、硅基过渡层B、共沉积层C和共沉积层D;其中,所述打底层A位于基材表面,所述硅基过渡层B分别位于所述打底层A和所述共沉积层C,以及所述共沉积层C和所述共沉积层D之间;所述硅基过渡层B和所述共沉积层D构成n个多镀层重复单元,其中,n大于等于2。本申请利用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术在产品表面制备多层复合镀层,使产品表面兼具超亲水特性和高红度外观。采用PVD技术可以保证镀膜过程中杂质含量较低,膜层与基材之间的附着力优异;同时PVD技术环保、无有害物质产生。
Description
技术领域
本文涉及材料技术,尤指一种多层复合镀层及其制备方法和产品。
背景技术
在自然界中存在很多亲水的现象,人们受到大自然的启发进行了各种探索,通过诸多方法制备了亲水材料,发现具有高表面能和高粗糙度的材料性能尤其明显。利用材料的这个特性,诸多产品应用而生。亲水材料目前主要应用到医疗器械行业、建筑玻璃、卫浴行业等。
现有市场上厨卫五金产品,如水龙头、淋浴器等PVD镀层一般用锆、钛等金属靶材,与氮气、乙炔或甲烷反应,沉积金色、玫瑰金色、仿不锈钢色等装饰性薄膜,无法获得一些比较红(a值大于15)的色彩。
目前针对亲水材料已公开的专利技术有:1、专利CN113354993A和CN107304320B均是通过在材料表面形成有机涂层膜层,确保基材具有亲水特性;2、专利CN100430452C中,通过涂敷技术在基材表面制备具有亲水性质的颗粒,进而获得亲水膜层;3、专利CN106660798B中,通过化学气相沉积CVD法将非石墨碳层与颗粒材料进行混合涂覆,随后通过引入亲水性表面基团的氧化处理对涂覆的颗粒材料改性,从而提高颗粒表面的亲水性;4、专利CN201820708440.6和CN201911360553.7均是通过离化金属靶材锆、钛等金属离子与反应气体氮气、乙炔或甲烷产生氮化物或碳氮化物,沉积到基体表面形成装饰层;5、专利CN201020563018.X中,通过光学干涉原理沉积介质膜可以获得a值(红度)较高的装饰外观。
但是上述公开的专利技术存在如下的问题:
1、通过在材料表面固化有机涂层,使材料表面具有亲水性,但是有机涂层的使用不仅会造成环境污染,有害物质的排放;同时,有机涂层在长期使用的环境中寿命较低,容易脱落导致产品亲水性功能降低;
2、受限于常规的电弧离子镀膜或溅射镀膜离化率在60%或10%左右,所能获得的颜色a值(红度)极限值约在12以下,且所得膜层无亲水效果;
3、通过光学膜产生的装饰层其所能获得的颜色a值(红度)随镀层厚度变化而变化,生产时外观颜色不稳定。对于异形件不同外观面无法获得厚度均一、外观一致的颜色,同时耐磨性能也低于金属氮化物或碳氮化合物薄膜。
因此,为了减少有机涂层的使用和提高使用寿命,以及解决光学膜层因厚度变化而导致的颜色不一致问题,急需一种兼具超亲水特性和高红度外观的亲水材料。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请提出在产品表面利用物理气相沉积(PVD)技术制备多层复合镀层,使产品表面兼具超亲水特性和高红度外观(a值大于12)。采用PVD技术可以保证镀膜过程中杂质含量较低,膜层与基材之间的附着力优异;同时PVD技术环保、无有害物质产生。
本申请第一个方面提供了一种多层复合镀层,所述多层复合镀层包括打底层A、硅基过渡层B、共沉积层C和共沉积层D。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述打底层A位于所述基材表面,所述硅基过渡层B分别位于所述打底层A和所述共沉积层C,以及所述共沉积层C和所述共沉积层D之间。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述硅基过渡层B和所述共沉积层D构成n个多镀层重复单元;其中,n大于等于2。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述多层复合镀层的结构为:[A/B/C/(B/D)n],n为2-6。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述打底层A的材料为金属a;可选地,所述金属a选自Zr、Ti和Cr中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属为Zr。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述共沉积层C为硅和金属c的合金层;可选地,所述金属c选自Zn、Fe、Sn和Ni中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属c为Zn。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述共沉积层D为氮化硅和金属氮化物d的共沉积层;可选地,所述金属氮化物d选自ZnN、FeN、SnN和NiN中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属氮化物d为ZnN。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述多层复合镀层的厚度为350-2000nm,其中,所述打底层A的厚度为50-250nm,所述硅基过渡层B的厚度为50-250nm,所述共沉积层C的厚度为50-250nm,所述共沉积层D的厚度为50-250nm。
本申请第二个方面提供了一种上述多层复合镀层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S100基材前处理;
S200制备打底层A;
S300制备硅基过渡层B;
S400制备共沉积层C;
S500制备硅基过渡层B;
S600制备共沉积层D;
S700按顺序重复n-1次步骤S500和S600,其中n大于等于2;
S800对步骤S700中得到沉积有多层镀层的基材进行后处理,得到所述多层复合镀层。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S200包括:将经过前处理后的基材采用多弧离子镀膜的方式进行镀膜。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S300包括:关闭多弧离子镀膜设备,采用中频磁控溅射的方式在所述打底层A上镀所述硅基过渡层B。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S400和步骤S600包括:在与步骤S200的多弧离子镀膜方式和步骤S300的中频磁控溅射方式相同的电源和镀膜参数下,同时采用多弧离子镀膜和中频磁控溅射的方式,分别在步骤S300和步骤S500形成的所述硅基过渡层B上进行共沉积形成所述共沉积层C和所述共沉积层D;其中,中频磁控溅射靶为硅靶,多弧离子镀膜靶为金属靶。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述多弧离子镀膜的方式包括以下步骤:
在镀膜室中安装好相应的靶材,将基材置于真空镀膜机中;
对真空镀膜机的真空室预抽真空并通入保护气体;优选地,对真空镀膜机的真空室预抽真空至真空镀为8×10-4-2×10-2Pa,通入200-600sccm氩气,使真空室内的气压为8×10-2-6×10-1Pa;
开启弧靶电源,设定电源参数,并进行多弧离子镀膜。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述多弧离子镀膜中,电源参数为:电压20-40V,电流50-150A,镀膜时间60-120s;镀膜参数为:负偏压30-300V,温度为50-150℃。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述中频磁控溅射方式包括以下步骤:
在真空镀膜机的真空室中通入保护气体;优选地,在真空镀膜机的真空室中通入氩气;
开启中频磁控溅射电源,设定电源参数,并进行中频磁控溅射镀膜。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述中频磁控溅射中,电源参数为:电压300-600V,电流10-30A,镀膜时间60-600s;镀膜参数为:负偏压30-100V,温度为50-150℃。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S600还包括:在进行共沉积前,向真空镀膜机的真空室中通入氮气;优选地,在与步骤S200的多弧离子镀膜方式和步骤S300的中频磁控溅射方式相同的电源和镀膜参数下,打开氮气流量计,向真空镀膜机的真空室内通入氮气。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S600中,氮气的流量为100-300sccm。
在一种示例性实施例中,步骤S800包括:将步骤S700中得到的沉积有多层镀层的基材在酸的水溶液中浸渍、清洗、烘干,即得所述多层复合镀层;可选地,浸渍时间为60-600s,烘干的温度为60-80℃。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述酸选自盐酸、硫酸、醋酸、磷酸、次氯酸中的一种或多种;优选地,所述酸为硫酸。
在一种示例性实施例中,所述酸的质量分数为5wt%-20wt%;优选地,所述酸的质量分数为20wt%。
本申请第三个方面提供了一种具有采用上述方法制备的多层复合镀层的产品,所述产品包括基材和位于基材上的所述多层复合镀层。
在一种示例性的实施例中,所述基材为金属基材或塑料基材。
在一种示例性的实施例中,所述产品为家居厨卫产品,例如水龙头、淋浴房拉手、浴室柜拉手、水槽、挂件、淋浴器、地漏或橱柜拉手等。
与相关技术相比,本申请具有以下技术效果:
1、解决了常规PVD金属镀膜技术无法实现的高红度、高硬度瓶颈,并且颜色色差可控、满足一般外观检测要求,避免了光学膜因镀层不均导致的颜色变化;
2、利用PVD工艺制备亲水膜层,减少有机涂层的使用,降低VOC气体的排放,达到环保无污染的目的;
3、同时利用PVD工艺制备的具有所述多层复合膜层产品的使用寿命延长。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的其他优点可通过在说明书以及附图中所描述的方案来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案,并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1为本申请实施例1制备的多层复合镀层的镀层结构;
图2为本申请实施例1产品酸洗前后的外观对比;
图3为本申请实施例1产品酸洗前的SEM图;
图4为本申请实施例1产品酸洗后的SEM图;
图5为本申请实施例1产品表面静态水接触角测试图;
图6为本申请实施例2产品表面静态水接触角测试图;
图7为本申请实施例3产品表面静态水接触角测试图;
图8为对比例1产品表面静态水接触角测试图;
图9为对比例2产品表面静态水接触角测试图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下文中将对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
以下结合附图和具体实例对本发明作进一步的详细描述,但该实例不应理解为对本发明的限制。
在以下具体实施例中,所涉及的操作未注明条件者,均按照常规条件或者制造商建议的条件进行。所用原料未注明生产厂商及规格者均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
1)基材前处理
对基材进行前处理,包括基材镜面抛光处理和基材清洗处理
抛光处理主要涉及到开皮、研磨、整平和镜面精抛工艺,清洗处理分别通过超声波除蜡、超声波除油、电解、纯水清洗方式来实现表面精细清洗;
2)PVD多层复合镀层的制备及结构
在PVD真空镀膜室安装相应的靶材,多弧离子镀1列8个锆靶,1列8个锌靶,中频硅靶1对,将经过前处理的基材置于真空镀膜机的真空室中,依次按照[A/B/C/B/D/B/D]的结构制备对应膜层:
使用Zr靶制备所述打底层A,具体步骤如下:
对真空室预抽真空至真空度为8×10-3Pa,通入300sccm氩气,使真空室内的气压为1.8×10-1Pa;开启多弧离子镀膜电源,电压为24V,电流为100A,镀膜时间为90s;镀膜时负偏压为200V,室内的温度为80℃,镀膜达到的厚度80nm;
使用Si靶制备所述硅基过渡层B,具体步骤如下:
关闭制备所述打底层A的多弧离子镀膜电源,开启中频磁控溅射镀膜电源,电压为550V,电流为20A,镀膜时间为300s;镀膜时负偏压为50V,室内的温度为80℃,镀膜达到的厚度50nm;
使用Si靶和Zn靶制备所述共沉积层C,具体步骤如下:
在多弧离子镀膜方式和中频磁控溅射方式相同的电源和镀膜参数下,同时开启多弧离子镀膜电源和中频磁控溅射电源,多弧离子镀膜技术沉积Zn靶,中频磁控溅射技沉积Si靶,其中,多弧离子镀膜参数为:电压20V,电流50A,镀膜时间90s,镀膜时负偏压为50V,室内的温度为80℃,镀膜达到的厚度50nm;中频磁控溅射沉积参数为:电压550V,电流15A,镀膜时间90s,镀膜时负偏压50V,室内的温度80℃,镀膜达到的厚度50nm;
使用Si靶和Zn靶,制备所述共沉积层D,具体步骤如下:
在制备所述打底层A的多弧离子镀膜方式和制备所述硅基过渡层B的中频磁控溅射方式相同的电源和镀膜参数下,开启氮气流量计,氮气流量为200sccm,多弧离子镀膜技术沉积ZnN,中频磁控溅射技沉积SiN;其中,多弧离子镀膜参数:电压20V,电流50A,镀膜时间90s,镀膜时负偏压50V,室内的温度为80℃,镀膜达到的厚度50nm;中频磁控溅射技沉积参数:电压530V,电流15A,镀膜时间为90s,镀膜时负偏压为50V,室内的温度为80℃,镀膜达到的厚度50nm;
按照上述制备所述硅基过渡层B和所述共沉积层D的工艺再次沉积所述硅基过渡层B和所述共沉积层D,其中,具体的镀层工艺参数如下表1所示,所得的多层复合镀层的结构见图1;
3)将通过步骤2)制备的具有多层镀层结构的基材浸渍到质量分数为20wt%的硫酸水溶液中60s后取出,取出后转移至去离子水中,清洗表面残留酸溶液,然后在60℃的烘箱中烘干,即得所述多层复合镀层。
表1
实施例2
制备方法基本与实施例1相同,所不同的是所述共沉积层D共沉积过程中反应气体氮气流量100sccm。
实施例3
制备方法基本与实施例1相同,所不同的是所述共沉积层D共沉积过程中反应气体氮气流量300sccm。
对比例1
制备的多层复合镀层的结构如下:[A/B/B/B/B]
基材经过前处理工艺后,至于镀膜室中,利用上述工艺参数先制备Zr打底层,然后仅利用中频磁控溅射沉积Si膜层;完成溅射工艺将样品取出即可。
其中,多弧离子镀膜技术和中频磁控溅射技术的镀膜参数同实施例1。
对比例2
制备方法基本与实施例1相同,所不同的是所制备的PVD复合镀层没有经过酸洗。
实验例,
对实施例和对比例中所得的多层复合镀层进行功能测试,其中,功能测试内容和结果见表2和图2-9。表2
根据表2可知:本申请制备的多层复合镀层具有良好的亲水性和强度,并且膜层颜色满足本领域一般要求,解决了常规PVD金属镀膜技术无法实现的高红度、高硬度瓶颈,并且颜色色差可控、满足一般外观检测要求,避免了光学膜因镀层不均导致的颜色变化;利用PVD工艺制备亲水膜层,减少有机涂层的使用,降低VOC气体的排放,达到环保无污染的目的;同时利用PVD工艺制备的膜层,产品使用寿命延长。
本申请描述了多个实施例,但是该描述是示例性的,而不是限制性的,并且对于本领域的普通技术人员来说显而易见的是,在本申请所描述的实施例包含的范围内可以有更多的实施例和实现方案。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层复合镀层,所述多层复合镀层包括打底层A、硅基过渡层B、共沉积层C和共沉积层D,其中:所述打底层A位于基材表面,所述硅基过渡层B分别位于所述打底层A和所述共沉积层C,以及所述共沉积层C和所述共沉积层D之间;
所述硅基过渡层B和所述共沉积层D构成n个多镀层重复单元,其中,n大于等于2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层复合镀层,其中,所述多层复合镀层的结构为[A/B/C/(B/D)n],n为2-6。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层复合镀层,其中,所述打底层A的材料为金属a;可选地,所述金属a选自Zr、Ti和Cr中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属a为Zr;和/或
所述共沉积层C为硅和金属c的合金层;可选地,所述金属c选自Zn、Fe、Sn和Ni中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属c为Zn;和/或
所述共沉积层D为氮化硅和金属氮化物d的共沉积层;可选地,所述金属氮化物d选自ZnN、FeN、SnN和NiN中的一种或多种;优选地,所述金属氮化物d为ZnN。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层复合镀层,其中,所述多层复合镀层的厚度为350-2000nm,所述打底层A的厚度为50-250nm,所述硅基过渡层B的厚度为50-250nm,所述共沉积层C的厚度为50-250nm,所述共沉积层D的厚度为50-250nm。
5.一种权利要求1至4中任一项所述的多层复合镀层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S100基材前处理;
S200制备打底层A;
将经过前处理后的基材采用多弧离子镀膜的方式进行镀膜;
S300制备硅基过渡层B;
采用中频磁控溅射的方式在所述打底层A上镀所述硅基过渡层B;
S400制备共沉积层C;
同时采用多弧离子镀膜和中频磁控溅射的方式,在步骤S300形成的所述硅基过渡层B上进行共沉积形成所述共沉积层C;其中,中频磁控溅射靶为硅靶,多弧离子镀膜靶为金属靶;
S500制备硅基过渡层B;
采用中频磁控溅射的方式在步骤S400形成的所述共沉积层C上镀所述硅基过渡层B;S600制备共沉积层D;
同时采用多弧离子镀膜和中频磁控溅射的方式,在步骤S500形成的所述硅基过渡层B上进行共沉积形成所述共沉积层D;其中,中频磁控溅射靶为硅靶,多弧离子镀膜靶为金属靶;
S700按顺序重复n-1次步骤S500和S600;
S800对步骤S700中得到的沉积有多层镀层的基材进行后处理,得到所述多层复合镀层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述多弧离子镀膜方式包括以下步骤:
在镀膜室中安装好相应的靶材,将基材置于真空镀膜机中;
对真空镀膜机的真空室预抽真空并通入保护气体;优选地,对真空镀膜机的真空室预抽真空至真空度为8×10-4-2×10-2Pa,通入200-600sccm氩气,使真空室内的气压为8×10-2-6×10-1Pa;
开启弧靶电源,设定电源参数,并进行多弧离子镀膜;可选地,电源参数为:电压20-40V,电流50-150A,镀膜时间60-120s;镀膜参数为:负偏压30-300V,温度为50-150℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述中频磁控溅射方式包括以下步骤:
在真空镀膜机中的真空室中通入保护气体;优选地,在真空镀膜机中的真空室中通入氩气;
开启中频硅靶电源,设定电源参数,并进行中频磁控溅射镀膜;可选地,电源参数为:电压300-600V,电流10-30A,镀膜时间60-600s;镀膜参数为:负偏压30-100V,温度50-150℃。
8.根据权利要求5至7任一项所述的方法,其中,步骤S600还包括:在进行共沉积前,向真空镀膜机的真空室中通入氮气;可选地,氮气的流量为100-300sccm。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,步骤S800包括:将步骤S700中得到的沉积有多层镀层的基材在酸的水溶液中浸渍、清洗、烘干,即得所述多层复合镀层;
可选地,浸渍时间为60-600s,烘干温度为60-80℃;
可选地,所述酸选自盐酸、硫酸、醋酸、磷酸、次氯酸中的一种或多种;优选地,所述选为硫酸;
可选地,所述酸的质量分数为5wt%-20wt%;优选地,所述酸的质量分数为20wt%。
10.一种具有采用权利要求5至9中任一项的所述方法制备的多层复合镀层的产品,所述产品包括基材和位于基材上的所述多层复合镀层;
可选地,所述基材为金属基材或塑料基材;
可选地,所述产品为家居厨卫产品,优选地,所述产品为水龙头、淋浴房拉手、浴室柜拉手、水槽、挂件、淋浴器、地漏或橱柜拉手。
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