CN117600041A - 一种工件涂装预处理工艺 - Google Patents
一种工件涂装预处理工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种工件涂装预处理工艺，包括以下步骤：S1，清洗：将零件表面的油污、灰尘和其他杂质尽可能去除，以保证涂层能够更好地附着在表面上；S2，去污；S3，去油；S4，脱脂：使用去脂剂的清洗工艺，去除表面的油脂；S5，脱氧；S6，粗糙化处理；S7，磷化处理；S8，酸洗处理；S9，底漆涂装；S10，中涂涂装；S11，面漆涂装；S12，固化：涂装完成后，将涂层放入固化室内进行固化，让涂层能够更好地附着在零件表面上；本发明一种工件涂装预处理工艺，通过对工件先进行清洗、去污、去油、脱脂后再进行脱氧处理，然后再经过粗糙化处理、磷化处理和酸洗处理后，再经过多层涂装，使得涂装效果更好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及预处理工艺技术领域，具体涉及一种工件涂装预处理工艺。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，助动自行车作为健康绿色的交通工具，日益受到人们的关注，对助动自行车的质量也提出了更高的要求。助动自行车暴露在外的金属部件，在外界环境中易发生腐蚀，降低了金属部件的强度，不利于助动自行车的使用安全。目前，主要通过对金属部件进行表面电镀喷漆，在金属表面形成漆膜，从而减缓金属的腐蚀，但是助动自行车经过长时间的风吹日晒，漆膜易发生脱落，使得金属部件的金属层暴露在外，影响形成安全。鉴于以上缺陷，实有必要设计一种工件涂装预处理工艺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种工件涂装预处理工艺，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种工件涂装预处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1，清洗：将零件表面的油污、灰尘和其他杂质尽可能去除，以保证涂层能够更好地附着在表面上；
S2，去污：如果零件表面存在金属锈蚀或污渍，需要进行适当的去除处理可以通过机械磨削、刮痕或喷射的方法去除金属表面的锈蚀和污渍；
S3，去油：对于表面附着了钢脂、机油的油性杂质，需要使用溶剂或碱性清洗剂的化学方法，去除表面的油污；
S4，脱脂：使用去脂剂的清洗工艺，去除表面的油脂；
S5，脱氧：使用酸性药液进行脱氧处理，去除表面的氧化皮，避免涂装时出现气孔的问题；
S6，粗糙化处理：通过表面机械处理、喷砂的方式提高表面粗糙度，增强涂层的附着力；
S7，磷化处理：使用磷酸盐、氧化磷或金属磷酸盐的化学物质进行表面磷化处理，形成磷化膜，提高涂层的附着力；
S8，酸洗处理：采用酸性药液处理金属表面，去除氧化皮和负离子的，在涂层表面上构成一层亲合力强的化学作用层，提高涂层附着力；
S9，底漆涂装：在预处理后的零件表面上喷涂底漆，以提高涂层的附着力和耐腐蚀性；
S10，中涂涂装：根据需求对底漆进行中涂处理，增强涂层的光泽和色彩；
S11，面漆涂装：完成中涂后，进行最后一次面漆的涂装处理，以获得所需要的表面效果；
S12，固化：涂装完成后，将涂层放入固化室内进行固化，让涂层能够更好地附着在零件表面上。
优选的，在步骤S4中，工件的脱脂工艺包括以下步骤：
S41，浸泡：将工件浸泡在脱脂剂中，使脱脂剂充分渗透到工件表面，软化和溶解表面的油脂；
S42，喷淋：将脱脂剂以喷淋的方式喷洒在工件表面，使脱脂剂充分覆盖工件表面，从而达到脱脂效果；
S43，擦拭：使用棉纱球或刷子的工具进行机械擦拭，除去工件表面的油污；
S44，冲洗：使用清水将表面的油脂、清洗剂的彻底冲洗干净，并去除残留剂；
S45，干燥：通过鼓风干燥、吸风干燥、自然干燥的方式将工件表面干燥，去除水分和水气。
优选的，在步骤S7中，工件磷化处理工艺包括以下步骤：
S71，清洗：用洗涤剂对工件表面进行清洗；
S72，冲洗：清洗后用清水进行彻底冲洗，以便去除清洗剂残留；
S73，除锈：对表面的锈蚀进行处理，如机械划磨、化学除锈的方法；
S74，磷化：用磷酸类化学药品，将工件表面形成疏松的磷酸盐层；
S75，再次冲洗：磷化后彻底清洗工件表面；
S76，中和处理：使用中和剂，降低表面的酸碱值，提高涂层的附着力；
S77，再次冲洗：对工件进行彻底的清洗；
S78，烘干：使用鼓风机、干燥箱的方法将工件烘干。
优选的，在步骤S4中，脱脂剂的主要成分是碱、螯合剂及表面活性剂。
优选的，在步骤S5中酸性药液的主要成分是三氯醋酸、水杨酸、甘醇酸。
优选的，在步骤S76中，中和剂包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、醋酸钠、焦磷酸钠、碳酸钠、氨水、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、醋酸、AMP一95、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨基乙酸中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比，本发明一种工件涂装预处理工艺，通过对工件先进行清洗、去污、去油、脱脂后再进行脱氧处理，然后再经过粗糙化处理、磷化处理和酸洗处理后，再经过多层涂装，使得涂装效果更好。
附图说明
图1为本发明预处理工艺流程框图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了如图1所示的一种工件涂装预处理工艺，包括以下步骤：
S1，清洗：将零件表面的油污、灰尘和其他杂质尽可能去除，以保证涂层能够更好地附着在表面上；
S2，去污：如果零件表面存在金属锈蚀或污渍，需要进行适当的去除处理可以通过机械磨削、刮痕或喷射的方法去除金属表面的锈蚀和污渍；
S3，去油：对于表面附着了钢脂、机油的油性杂质，需要使用溶剂或碱性清洗剂的化学方法，去除表面的油污；
S4，脱脂：使用去脂剂的清洗工艺，去除表面的油脂；
S5，脱氧：使用酸性药液进行脱氧处理，去除表面的氧化皮，避免涂装时出现气孔的问题；
S6，粗糙化处理：通过表面机械处理、喷砂的方式提高表面粗糙度，增强涂层的附着力；
S7，磷化处理：使用磷酸盐、氧化磷或金属磷酸盐的化学物质进行表面磷化处理，形成磷化膜，提高涂层的附着力；
S8，酸洗处理：采用酸性药液处理金属表面，去除氧化皮和负离子的，在涂层表面上构成一层亲合力强的化学作用层，提高涂层附着力；
S9，底漆涂装：在预处理后的零件表面上喷涂底漆，以提高涂层的附着力和耐腐蚀性；
S10，中涂涂装：根据需求对底漆进行中涂处理，增强涂层的光泽和色彩；
S11，面漆涂装：完成中涂后，进行最后一次面漆的涂装处理，以获得所需要的表面效果；
S12，固化：涂装完成后，将涂层放入固化室内进行固化，让涂层能够更好地附着在零件表面上。
进一步的，在步骤S4中，工件的脱脂工艺包括以下步骤：
S41，浸泡：将工件浸泡在脱脂剂中，使脱脂剂充分渗透到工件表面，软化和溶解表面的油脂；
S42，喷淋：将脱脂剂以喷淋的方式喷洒在工件表面，使脱脂剂充分覆盖工件表面，从而达到脱脂效果；
S43，擦拭：使用棉纱球或刷子的工具进行机械擦拭，除去工件表面的油污；
S44，冲洗：使用清水将表面的油脂、清洗剂的彻底冲洗干净，并去除残留剂；
S45，干燥：通过鼓风干燥、吸风干燥、自然干燥的方式将工件表面干燥，去除水分和水气。
进一步的，在步骤S7中，工件磷化处理工艺包括以下步骤：
S71，清洗：用洗涤剂对工件表面进行清洗；
S72，冲洗：清洗后用清水进行彻底冲洗，以便去除清洗剂残留；
S73，除锈：对表面的锈蚀进行处理，如机械划磨、化学除锈的方法；
S74，磷化：用磷酸类化学药品，将工件表面形成疏松的磷酸盐层；
S75，再次冲洗：磷化后彻底清洗工件表面；
S76，中和处理：使用中和剂，降低表面的酸碱值，提高涂层的附着力；
S77，再次冲洗：对工件进行彻底的清洗；
S78，烘干：使用鼓风机、干燥箱的方法将工件烘干。
进一步的，在步骤S4中，脱脂剂的主要成分是碱、螯合剂及表面活性剂。
进一步的，在步骤S5中酸性药液的主要成分是三氯醋酸、水杨酸、甘醇酸。
进一步的，在步骤S76中，中和剂包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、醋酸钠、焦磷酸钠、碳酸钠、氨水、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、醋酸、AMP一95、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨基乙酸中的一种或多种。
综上所述，本发明一种工件涂装预处理工艺，本发明一种工件涂装预处理工艺，通过对工件先进行清洗、去污、去油、脱脂后再进行脱氧处理，然后再经过粗糙化处理、磷化处理和酸洗处理后，再经过多层涂装，使得涂装效果更好。
在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其的同物限定。
Claims (6)
1.一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1，清洗：将零件表面的油污、灰尘和其他杂质进行去除；
S2，去污：对零件表面存在金属锈蚀或污渍进行去除；
S3，去油：对于表面附着了钢脂、机油的油性杂质进行去除；
S4，脱脂：使用去脂剂去除表面的油脂；
S5，脱氧：去除工件表面的氧化皮；
S6，粗糙化处理：通过表面机械处理提高表面粗糙度；
S7，磷化处理：使用化学物质进行表面磷化处理，形成磷化膜；
S8，酸洗处理：去除氧化皮和负离子的，在涂层表面上构成一层亲合力强的化学作用层；
S9，底漆涂装：在预处理后的零件表面上喷涂底漆；
S10，中涂涂装：根据需求对底漆进行中涂处理；
S11，面漆涂装：完成中涂后，进行最后一次面漆的涂装处理；
S12，固化：涂装完成后，将涂层放入固化室内进行固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤S4中，工件的脱脂工艺包括以下步骤：
S41，浸泡：将工件浸泡在脱脂剂中，使脱脂剂充分渗透到工件表面，软化和溶解表面的油脂；
S42，喷淋：将脱脂剂以喷淋的方式喷洒在工件表面；
S43，擦拭：使用棉纱球或刷子的工具进行机械擦拭；
S44，冲洗：使用清水将表面的油脂、清洗剂的彻底冲洗干净，并去除残留剂；
S45，干燥：将工件表面干燥，去除水分和水气。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤S7中，工件磷化处理工艺包括以下步骤：
S71，清洗：用洗涤剂对工件表面进行清洗；
S72，冲洗：清洗后用清水进行彻底冲洗，去除清洗剂残留；
S73，除锈：对表面的锈蚀进行处理；
S74，磷化：用化学药品，将工件表面形成疏松的磷酸盐层；
S75，再次冲洗：磷化后彻底清洗工件表面；
S76，中和处理：使用中和剂，降低表面的酸碱值；
S77，再次冲洗：对工件进行彻底的清洗；
S78，烘干：使用鼓风机、干燥箱的方法将工件烘干。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤S4中，脱脂剂的主要成分是碱、螯合剂及表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤S5中酸性药液的主要成分是三氯醋酸、水杨酸、甘醇酸的制剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述一种工件涂装预处理工艺，其特征在于：在步骤S76中，中和剂包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、醋酸钠、焦磷酸钠、碳酸钠、氨水、盐酸、磷酸、甲酸、醋酸、AMP一95、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨基乙酸中的一种或多种。
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