CN117598150A - Garlic seedling raising method - Google Patents
Garlic seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117598150A CN117598150A CN202410089825.9A CN202410089825A CN117598150A CN 117598150 A CN117598150 A CN 117598150A CN 202410089825 A CN202410089825 A CN 202410089825A CN 117598150 A CN117598150 A CN 117598150A
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- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N (15Z)-tetracosenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000928581 Malania Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000928579 Malania oleifera Species 0.000 description 1
- XJXROGWVRIJYMO-SJDLZYGOSA-N Nervonic acid Natural products O=C(O)[C@@H](/C=C/CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC XJXROGWVRIJYMO-SJDLZYGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000207834 Oleaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-tetracosenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GWHCXVQVJPWHRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garlic fruit cultivation, and particularly discloses a garlic fruit seedling raising method, which comprises the following steps of preparing seeds; seed treatment; accelerating germination of the sand bed; preparing a seedbed; transplanting a matrix; the method comprises the step of managing the seedling stage after transplanting, wherein the seed treatment mode is to prepare an amino sulfonic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 5% -10%, soak the seeds for 4-8 h at room temperature, take out the seeds, wash the seeds with water for three times, soak the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin with the concentration of 150 mg/L-200 mg/L and chitosan with the concentration of 50 mg/L-100 mg/L for 1-2h, take out the seeds and dry the seeds at a shade place for standby.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of garlic fruits, and particularly relates to a garlic fruit seedling raising method.
Background
Garlic fruits (Malania oleifera) are served by Garlic fruits (Malania) belonging to the family of Oleaceae, are single-species high and evergreen arbor special for China, are listed as a national class II important protection wild plant because of the scarcity of the Garlic fruits, are naturally distributed rare resource plants in limestone mountain areas of southeast and Guixi of Yunnan, have important values for regional ecological environment construction and stony desertification control, and are the species which are found at present and are rich in bioactive substances, namely the species with the highest content of nervonic acid, and have extremely high economic and medical values. Therefore, in recent years, under the promotion of related government departments, the garlic fruits become important tree species for local returning to the cultivation, barren mountain forestation and stony desertification control, effectively increase the population quantity, and have important practical significance for relieving the endangered situation and reasonably developing and utilizing the garlic fruits. However, due to the dormancy characteristics of the mature garlic seeds, the germination of the mature garlic seeds also has a plurality of problems, the germination of the mature garlic seeds under the wet sand layer also needs 5-7 months, the emergence rate is low, and the resource cultivation challenge is brought to the large-scale utilization of the strong seedlings of the garlic fruits.
Even if the embryo germinates, the young garlic is a semi-parasitic plant with root, and the young garlic has a certain photosynthetic capacity although the young garlic has more lateral roots, but the nutrient absorption level and photosynthetic efficiency are lower, and the young garlic can be obviously influenced along with the extension of independent growth time or the environmental stress under the condition that the nursery is free of host plants. According to the early cultivation experience, after the young garlic seedlings with serious decline are transplanted in the wild, even if fertilizer is applied or good hosts are matched, normal growth cannot be recovered, the transplanting survival rate is extremely low, so that great economic and manpower losses are caused, although the young garlic seedlings are cultivated by adopting co-cultivated plants in the existing research, the co-cultivated plants and young garlic seedlings form a semi-parasitic relationship, and if a certain time is required, the co-cultivated plants also need to absorb nutrition for growth in the time period, and form a nutritional competition relationship with the young garlic seedlings to a certain extent, so that the emergence rate and emergence time of the young garlic fruits are improved, and the situation that the young garlic seedlings are planted by reasonable fertilization is avoided, so that waste of land resources, manpower, material resources and the like is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a garlic seedling raising method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruits with strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests, removing green peels, cleaning seeds with clear water, cleaning mucus and residues remained on the surfaces of seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and placing in a ventilated and dried place for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: preparing an sulfamic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-10%, soaking seeds for 4-8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin with the concentration of 150-200 mg/L and chitosan with the concentration of 50-100 mg/L for 1-2 hours, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade place, filtering the seeds, and drying the seeds for later use;
(3) Accelerating germination of the sand bed;
(4) Preparing a substrate;
(5) And (3) transplanting a matrix: placing germinated bud seedlings of Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the bud seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, placing the planted garlic fruit seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with shading degree of 30% -50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.001-0.002% of brassinolide and 0.05-0.1% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;
(6) And (5) managing the seedling stage after transplanting the matrix.
Further, in the step (3), the sand bed germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: laying a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm by bricks, spreading wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially arranging the seed sides on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; an arch shed is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, and a sunshade net is added.
Further, in step (4), the laterite is: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.
Further, in the step (6), the seedling stage management after transplanting comprises temperature management and water and fertilizer management, wherein the temperature management comprises: the shading rate of the arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, and when the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the water is sprayed outside the arch shed film, and a sunshade net is added or two ends of the arch shed are opened for cooling.
Further, in the step (6), the water and fertilizer management includes: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied for 15 d times and is applied for two times, and then the compound fertilizer is applied according to the following steps: urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1% -0.2%, spraying nursery stock once a month, wherein N in the compound fertilizer: p: k=15:15:15.
The invention achieves the technical effects that:
1. the invention breaks dormancy characteristics of seeds through earlier-stage seed treatment, shortens seedling cultivation time, has high emergence rate of the treated seeds, and provides basic seedlings with consistent growth for resource cultivation by utilizing strong seedlings of garlic fruits in a large scale.
2. The invention firstly uses the low-concentration sulfamic acid aqueous solution to carry out acid corrosion on the seeds, so that the hard seed shells of the garlic seeds are damaged to a certain extent, thereby achieving the effects of sterilization and disinfection, simultaneously increasing the air permeability and the permeability of the seeds, accelerating the absorption of moisture and nutrient substances by the seeds, promoting the germination and the growth of the seeds, and the sulfamic acid aqueous solution has the same strong acidity as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and the like, has stable chemical property under the normal-temperature drying environment, and is more convenient to store and use than liquid strong acid.
3. When the seeds are treated, gibberellin is further used, so that the germination speed of the seeds can be increased, chitosan is further used, the chitosan can react with amino groups or sulfonic groups, a high-molecular protective film is formed on the seeds, the antibacterial and antimicrobial capabilities of the seeds to the environment are enhanced, the functions of the seeds such as the absorption force, the water retention capacity and the immunity are increased, the seeds are further prevented from being infected by germs in sand beds, the mildew rate is reduced, and the incidence probability of root rot, anthracnose and the like is reduced.
4. After the seedlings are transplanted, in the seedling strengthening treatment process, the photosynthesis of the garlic seedlings is enhanced by applying a brassinolide and chitosan mixture and adjusting by a certain hormone, the garlic seedlings are more robust by induction, the immunity is enhanced, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage is further reduced, meanwhile, the growth decay of the garlic seedlings is avoided, and the transplanting survival rate of the garlic seedlings after transplanting is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the garlic fruits;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a test seed sand bed laminated site;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing germination conditions of garlic seeds;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the emergence condition of garlic fruits;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the sprouts and matrixes of the garlic bulbs to be transplanted;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing growth after 2 months of substrate transplantation.
Detailed Description
The conception and technical effects produced by the present application will be clearly and completely described below in connection with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present application. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present application are within the scope of the present application.
If the specific conditions are not noted, the method is carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by manufacturers, and the reagents or instruments used are not noted by manufacturers, and all the conventional products can be obtained through commercial purchase.
Example 1
A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the fruit peel changes from green to yellow-green (figure 1) or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as the fruit peel, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing mucus and residues remained on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 4 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of 150mg/L gibberellin and 100 mg/L chitosan for 1 hour, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade place for later use;
(3) Sand bed germination accelerating (fig. 2, 3): using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8 cm-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked during germination accelerating process until germination is carried out the next year (figure 4);
(4) Preparing a seedbed: red soil is prepared by: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.
(5) And (3) transplanting a matrix: placing germinated seedlings with Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, wherein the application amount of each time is 30-40L per mu, placing the planted garlic seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30-50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.001% of brassinolide and 0.1% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;
(6) Seedling management after substrate transplanting
Temperature management: the shading rate of the small arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, if the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the small arch shed is cooled by spraying water outside the arch shed film, adding sunshade net or opening two ends of the small arch shed; and (3) water and fertilizer management: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied once and twice continuously at 15 d. Thereafter, the compound fertilizer (N: P: k=15:15:15): urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and spraying the seedlings once a month.
Under the embodiment 1, the germination rate of the seeds is about 94%, the germination time of the seeds is shortened by approximately 1 month, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is saved, the transplanting survival rate of the matrix is up to 95%, the seedlings are robust (figure 6), and the transplanted seedlings almost have no diseases such as root rot, anthracnose and the like.
Example 2
A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the peel changes from green to yellow-green or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as peel and the like, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: preparing 5% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in 200mg/L gibberellin and 50mg/L chitosan mixed solution for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade place for later use;
(3) Accelerating germination of sand bed: using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8 cm-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked during germination accelerating process until germination occurs the next year;
(4) Preparing a seedbed: red soil is prepared by: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.
(5) Transplanting: placing germinated seedlings with Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, wherein the application amount of each time is 30-40L per mu, placing the planted garlic seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30-50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.002% of brassinolide and 0.05% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;
(6) Seedling stage management after transplanting
Temperature management: the shading rate of the small arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, if the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the small arch shed is cooled by spraying water outside the arch shed film, adding sunshade net or opening two ends of the small arch shed; and (3) water and fertilizer management: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied once and twice continuously at 15 d. Thereafter, the compound fertilizer (N: P: k=15:15:15): urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and spraying the seedlings once a month.
Under the implementation of the embodiment, the germination rate of the seeds is about 91%, the transplanting survival rate reaches 96%, the seedlings are robust, and the transplanted seedlings almost have no diseases such as root rot, anthracnose and the like.
Comparative example 1
(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the fruit peel changes from green to yellow-green or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as the fruit peel, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing in a ventilated and dried place for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: soaking in 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid for 1 hr, taking out, and drying in shade;
(3) Accelerating germination of sand bed: using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 5 cm-8 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked in the germination accelerating process until germination occurs in the next year.
Comparative example 2
The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds at room temperature for 4h, taking out the seeds, washing with water for three times, and drying in shade for use.
Comparative example 3
The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: soaking in 150mg/L gibberellin for 1 hr, taking out, and drying in shade.
Comparative example 4
The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 4h at room temperature, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in 50mg/L chitosan for 1h, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade for later use.
Comparative example 5
A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits is the same as in example 1, except that the seedling strengthening mixture is not used after the substrate is transplanted in the step (6).
Comparative example 6
The other steps are the same as in example 1, except that in step (6), the matrix is transplanted and the strong seedling mixture is sprayed with 0.002% brassinolide by mass percent.
Comparative example 7
The other steps are the same as in example 1, except that in step (6), the matrix is transplanted, and the strong seedling mixture is sprayed with 0.05% chitosan by mass percent.
Verification of test Effect
1. Material
Fresh garlic fruits are collected from Funing county in Wenshan, yunnan province in the beginning of 10 months to 11 months in the current year, the seeds are washed cleanly with clear water, the residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, single seeds with fresh weight of more than or equal to 18.7 g are screened out, the longitudinal diameter of more than 32.76 mm and the transverse diameter of more than 34.49 mm are placed in a ventilated and dried place for standby after airing in a horizontal place for 1 d-2 d.
2. Test floor
The test was located in a greenhouse in a tree garden at the university of southwest forestry (25℃3'24 "N, 102℃45' 27" E) in the Panlong district of Kunming. The Kunming belongs to subtropical plateau monsoon climate, and is warm in spring, dry and rainless, vigorous in evaporation and large in daily temperature change. The annual rainfall is about 1 030 mm, the relative humidity is 74%, the humidity is not great, and the annual frost-free period is more than 240 d. The number of sunshine hours in the test place is about 2 445 hours, and the average temperature is 14.5 ℃.
3. Method of
Seed germination treatment
The method comprises the steps of dividing the method into a plurality of cells experimentally, treating 50 seeds each, repeating the steps three times, calculating germination starting days when the seeds are observed to germinate and come out of soil, and calculating germination rate and mildew rate by taking the germination duration 60d of the 1 st seed as a germination termination time standard.
Germination rate (%) = (number of germinated seeds per sampling period/total number of seeds sampled) ×100%
Mildew rate (%) = (number of mildew varieties per sampling period/total number of seeds sampled) ×100%
TABLE 1 germination and mildew Rate under different seed treatments
Strengthening seedling treatment after matrix transplanting
Dividing into a plurality of cells in a test, selecting a garlic sprout (figure 5) which is germinated in the earlier stage and grows consistently, placing the germinated garlic sprout of Gao cm in the center of a container with a matrix, stretching the root of the sprout, watering thoroughly, spraying a strong seedling mixture once after 3 days, spraying a strong seedling mixture under different treatments once again after 10 days, spraying a medicine of about 60 mL per square meter, repeating three cells per treatment, randomly extracting 30 seedlings per cell after 40 days of transplanting, counting the diameter and height of the seedling, and calculating the survival rate of the transplanted matrix;
survival rate (%) = (survival seedling/total transplanted seedling number in statistical period) ×100%.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on seedlings
As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, dormancy of the young garlic seedlings can be broken, the seed germination time is shortened, and the seed germination rate is improved. The garlic seeds are evolved into hard and compact endocarp (seed coat) in a long-term growth process, so that good protection effect is achieved on seeds, but germination of the seeds is also hindered, the air tightness and the water impermeability of the seed coats inhibit germination of the seeds to a certain extent, the seed coats are softened through long-time soaking of the garlic seeds corroded by sulfamic acid with proper concentration, so that the seed coat pores are increased, on one hand, the seed coats are convenient to fall off and promote germination rate in germination, part of garlic seed can not be broken by a factor of a leaf stalk, the seed coats, together with coated endosperm and cotyledons, are pushed out of soil to form seedlings with caps (with the shells), the germ can not break away from the endosperm with the shells to die, on the other hand, growth hormone can be infiltrated, the development of the seeds is further influenced, the cultivation time is shortened, the seed coat pores are easily invaded by bacterial viruses in the environment after ventilation, and the occurrence of bacterial mold infection is reduced through the addition of chitosan.
As can be seen from Table 2, by adopting the matrix transplanting strong seedling treatment scheme of the invention, the average ground diameter and the seedling height of the seedlings are obviously improved, and the survival rate is also obviously improved, which shows that under the treatment of hormone, the photosynthesis of the garlic sprouts is enhanced, and the absorption and utilization rate of the garlic sprouts to nutrition is enhanced.
Claims (5)
1. The seedling raising method for the garlic fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruits with strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests, removing green peels, cleaning seeds with clear water, cleaning mucus and residues remained on the surfaces of seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and placing in a ventilated and dried place for later use;
(2) Seed treatment: preparing an sulfamic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-10%, soaking seeds for 4-8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin with the concentration of 150-200 mg/L and chitosan with the concentration of 50-100 mg/L for 1-2 hours, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade place, filtering the seeds, and drying the seeds for later use;
(3) Accelerating germination of the sand bed;
(4) Preparing a substrate;
(5) And (3) transplanting a matrix: placing germinated bud seedlings of Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the bud seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, placing the planted garlic fruit seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with shading degree of 30% -50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.001-0.002% of brassinolide and 0.05-0.1% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;
(6) And (5) managing the seedling stage after transplanting the matrix.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the sand bed germination accelerating comprises: laying a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm by bricks, spreading wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially arranging the seed sides on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; an arch shed is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, and a sunshade net is added.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the substrate preparation comprises mixing the laterite: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (6), the post-transplanting seedling management comprises temperature management and water and fertilizer management, and wherein the temperature management comprises: the shading rate of the arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, and when the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the water is sprayed outside the arch shed film, and a sunshade net is added or two ends of the arch shed are opened for cooling.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the water and fertilizer management comprises: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied for 15 d times and is applied for two times, and then the compound fertilizer is applied according to the following steps: urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1% -0.2%, spraying nursery stock once a month, wherein N in the compound fertilizer: p: k=15:15:15.
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