CN117467113B - 泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:(1~1.5)反应制备而成;其中,所述的甲组分为:聚醚多元醇A 60~80份;聚醚多元醇B 10~30份;聚醚多元醇C 5~10份;聚酯多元醇5~10份;化学发泡剂2~5份;泡沫稳定剂2~3份;胺催化剂7~11份;有机金属催化剂0.6份;物理发泡剂8~27份;抗氧剂0.5份;交联剂5份;所述的乙组分为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。所述的聚氨酯材料,导热系数低,电绝缘性好,吸水率低,强度高,采用该材料制得的绝缘管具有结构强度高、隔热效果好、电绝缘性好的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
泡沫填充绝缘管是一种用于保护电线、电缆的绝缘材料,广泛应用于建筑、电力、通信等领域。泡沫填充绝缘管通常由聚乙烯材料制成,具有良好的电绝缘性能、低吸水率和耐腐蚀性能。其特点是内部填充有泡沫,可以提供有效的绝缘和保护,提高设备的安全性和可靠性。同时,泡沫填充可以减少电线或电缆受到外部压力或冲击时的损坏风险,并且可以提供更好的隔热性能。由此可见,硬质聚氨酯泡沫是构成其重要的组成部分,泡沫填充绝缘管的绝缘性、隔热性、耐腐蚀性和耐压性等特性均与其内部填充的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料以及填充效果息息相关。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫是一种性能优异的有机高分子材料,由组合聚醚与异氰酸酯充分混合,经过发泡、固化等工艺制成的。聚氨酯泡沫具有高分子量、多种官能团以及交联结构,因此具有优异的物理性能和化学性能。同时,我们还可以根据需要调整配方和工艺,以获得不同密度、强度和性能的泡沫材料。
带电作业用泡沫填充绝缘管的电气特性和机械性能均应满足GB 13398-2008的规定。填充泡沫应紧密粘合在绝缘管内壁,泡沫的填充度显著影响绝缘管的各项性能。泡沫的填充度高不仅可以提高绝缘管的隔热效果、电绝缘性和结构稳定性,防止水分的渗透,还可以提高施工效率,从而有效的提升绝缘管的性能和使用寿命。相反,泡沫填充不好将会导致隔热效果不佳,结构强度减弱,吸水量增加,电绝缘性变差,从而缩短泡沫填充绝缘管的性能和使用寿命。因此,开发一种适用于带电作业用泡沫填充绝缘管用的聚氨酯材料,解决当下绝缘管因内部泡沫性能差异及填充不好引发的诸多问题,从而有效的提升绝缘管的性能和使用寿命十分必要。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,该材料导热系数低,电绝缘性好,吸水率低,强度高,采用该材料制备的泡沫填充绝缘管具有结构强度高、隔热效果好和电绝缘性好等优良特点;
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,工艺简单,科学合理,适合工业化生产。
本发明所采取的技术方案如下:
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:(1~1.5)反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
聚醚多元醇A:60~80份;
聚醚多元醇B:10~30份;
聚醚多元醇C:5~10份;
聚酯多元醇:5~10份;
化学发泡剂:2~5份;
泡沫稳定剂:2~3份;
胺催化剂:7~11份;
有机金属催化剂:0.6份;
物理发泡剂:8~27份;
抗氧剂:0.5份;
交联剂:5份;
所述的聚醚多元醇A的官能度为4~6,羟值为360~400mgKOH/g,25℃粘度为6000~9000mPa·s;
所述的聚醚多元醇B的官能度为4~6,羟值为300~340mgKOH/g,25℃粘度为1000~2500mPa·s;
所述的聚醚多元醇C的官能度为4,羟值为745~775mgKOH/g,50℃粘度为1400~2400mPa·s;
所述的聚酯多元醇为苯酐聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为320~350mgKOH/g,25℃粘度为2000~3000mPa·s;
所述的乙组分为多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯,优选为PM200,购自万华化学集团股份有限公司。
所述的化学发泡剂为水;所述的泡沫稳定剂为硅油,优选为H3565,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;所述的物理发泡剂为戊烷,优选为环戊烷。
所述的胺催化剂为PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41和TMR-2的复配催化剂,其质量比为(0.2~0.6):(2~4):(1.1~2.9):(2.2~2.9):1.1。
所述的有机金属催化剂为有机铋催化剂,优选为有机铋催化剂DY-20,购自上海德音化学有限公司。
所述的抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂PU339,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;所述的交联剂为PEG-200。
所述的聚醚多元醇A、B和C分别为R5118G、R6332和R403,均购自山东一诺威新材料有限公司。
所述的聚酯多元醇为MY-3106,起始剂为邻苯二甲酸酐和二甘醇,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚醚多元醇C与聚酯多元醇加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将化学发泡剂、胺催化剂、有机金属催化剂、泡沫稳定剂、抗氧剂和交联剂加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温,再将物理发泡剂加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:(1~1.5)混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
配方组分中以聚醚多元醇R5118G作为主体聚醚,羟值和官能度均较高,构成了泡沫的基础骨架结构。聚醚多元醇R6332可以为泡沫的形成提供良好的流动性,使其在绝缘管空腔填充充实,泡沫与绝缘管内壁粘接紧实。聚醚多元醇R403为胺醚,在配方体系中起到提供羟值和平衡粘度的作用,同时R403的加入可使泡沫结构更加规整,泡孔大小均匀规整,从而获得优良的导热性能和极低的吸水性。PEG-200在发泡过程中起到交联的作用,促进长短分子链相互交织,增强泡沫体的力学性能。配方中各原料在发泡过程中相辅相成,共同作用,保证了绝缘管用聚氨酯泡沫材料的各项性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,导热系数低,电绝缘性好,吸水率低,强度高;通过现有生产工艺,可使泡沫与绝缘管内壁紧密粘合,填充效果好,填充度高,采用该材料制得的绝缘管具有结构强度高、隔热效果好、电绝缘性好等优良特点;
(2)本发明所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,科学合理,简单易行,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但其并不限制本发明的实施。
实施例及对比例中使用的原料如无特殊说明均为常规市售原料,实施例及对比例中所使用的工艺方法如无特殊说明均为本领域常规方法。
实施例及对比例中用到的部分原料说明如下:
聚醚多元醇R5118G,官能度为5,羟值为380mgKOH/g,购自一诺威新材料有限公司;
聚醚多元醇R6332,官能度为4.5,羟值为320mgKOH/g,购自一诺威新材料有限公司;
聚醚多元醇R403,官能度为4,羟值为750mgKOH/g,购自一诺威新材料有限公司;
聚酯多元醇MY-3106,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
聚醚多元醇R4110,官能度为4.2,羟值为430mgKOH/g,购自一诺威新材料有限公司;
聚醚多元醇R6205,官能度为4.2,羟值为380mgKOH/g,购自一诺威新材料有限公司;
泡沫稳定剂H3565,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
泡沫稳定剂H3363,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司。
实施例1
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:30份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:5份;
H3565:3份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2.6份;
BDMA:1.1份;
PC-41:2.2份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:8份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
实施例2
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:25份;
R403:10份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:4.7份;
H3565:2.5份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2.2份;
BDMA:1.3份;
PC-41:2.9份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:12份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.2反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:25份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:10份;
水:3.2份;
H3565:2.5份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2份;
BDMA:1.7份;
PC-41:2.7份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:17份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.3反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:20份;
R403:10份;
MY-3106:10份;
水:2.6份;
H3565:2份;
PC-5:0.4份;
PC-8:3份;
BDMA:2.2份;
PC-41:2.6份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:25份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例1。
实施例5
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.5反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:80份;
R6332:10份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:2.1份;
H3565:2份;
PC-5:0.2份;
PC-8:4份;
BDMA:2.9份;
PC-41:2.5份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:27份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例1。
对比例1
所述的聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R4110:60份;
R6332:30份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:5份;
H3565:3份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2.8份;
BDMA:1.2份;
PC-41:2.2份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:8份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例1。
对比例2
所述的聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6205:25份;
R403:10份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:4.7份;
H3565:2.5份;
PC-5:0.5份;
PC-8:2.4份;
BDMA:1.3份;
PC-41:2.9份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:12份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例2。
对比例3
所述的聚氨酯材料,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.2反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:65份;
R6332:25份;
R403:0份;
MY-3106:10份;
水:3.2份;
H3363:2.5份;
PC-5:0.7份;
PC-8:2.2份;
BDMA:1.7份;
PC-41:2.7份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:17份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200。
所述的聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤同实施例3。
将实施例1~5与对比例1~3制备的聚氨酯材料进行性能测试,测试方法如下:
芯密度(kg/m3):参照GB/T 6343-2009进行测试;
压缩强度(kPa):参照GB/T 8813-2020进行测试;
流动系数:将甲组分与乙组分按配方比例置于流动性测试仪中,泡沫在流动性测试仪内竖直发泡至固化成型,测量泡沫生长高度(cm)和泡沫质量(g),平行测试3次取平均值,流动系数=泡沫生长高度/泡沫质量;
导热系数(mW/m·K):参照GB/T 3399-1982进行测试;
吸水率(%):参照GB/T 8810-2005进行测试;
闭孔率(%):参照GB/T 10799-2008进行测试;
体积电阻率(Ω·cm):参照ASTM D257-2014进行测试;
尺寸稳定性(%):参照GB/T 8811-2008进行测试,测试条件为120℃,24h。
测试结果如表1所示:
表1 性能测试结果
从表1中可以看出,本发明所制备的聚氨酯材料具有较高的压缩强度和较小的尺寸变化率,确保泡沫具有良好的力学性能,可抵抗外力不易变形,良好的流动性能保障了泡沫在管材中的填充度,同时导热系数低,吸水率低和体积电阻率高的特点使得泡沫材料具有良好的隔热性能以及电绝缘性。
Claims (5)
1.一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:30份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:5份;
H3565:3份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2.6份;
BDMA:1.1份;
PC-41:2.2份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:8份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200;
所述的MY-3106为聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
所述的H3565为泡沫稳定剂,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
所述的PU339为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
2.一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.1反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:25份;
R403:10份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:4.7份;
H3565:2.5份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2.2份;
BDMA:1.3份;
PC-41:2.9份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:12份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200;
所述的MY-3106为聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
所述的H3565为泡沫稳定剂,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
所述的PU339为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1.1混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
3.一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.2反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:25份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:10份;
水:3.2份;
H3565:2.5份;
PC-5:0.6份;
PC-8:2份;
BDMA:1.7份;
PC-41:2.7份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:17份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200;
所述的MY-3106为聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
所述的H3565为泡沫稳定剂,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
所述的PU339为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1.2混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
4.一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.3反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:60份;
R6332:20份;
R403:10份;
MY-3106:10份;
水:2.6份;
H3565:2份;
PC-5:0.4份;
PC-8:3份;
BDMA:2.2份;
PC-41:2.6份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:25份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200;
所述的MY-3106为聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
所述的H3565为泡沫稳定剂,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
所述的PU339为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1.3混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
5.一种泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料,其特征在于,由甲组分与乙组分按质量比1:1.5反应制备而成;
其中,所述的甲组分由以下重量份数的原料组成:
R5118G:80份;
R6332:10份;
R403:5份;
MY-3106:5份;
水:2.1份;
H3565:2份;
PC-5:0.2份;
PC-8:4份;
BDMA:2.9份;
PC-41:2.5份;
TMR-2:1.1份;
DY-20:0.6份;
环戊烷:27份;
PU339:0.5份;
PEG-200:5份;
所述的乙组分为PM200;
所述的MY-3106为聚酯多元醇,官能度为2,羟值为350mgKOH/g,购自济南美裕新材料有限公司;
所述的H3565为泡沫稳定剂,购自中山市东峻化工有限公司;
所述的PU339为受阻酚类抗氧剂与亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂的复配抗氧剂,购自上海奇克氟硅材料有限公司;
所述的泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将配方量的R5118G、R6332、R403与MY-3106加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌;再将水、PC-5、PC-8、BDMA、PC-41、TMR-2、DY-20、H3565、PU339和PEG-200依次加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后降温至45℃,再将环戊烷加入到搅拌釜中,搅拌后即得甲组分;
(2)将甲组分与PM200按质量比1:1.5混合搅拌8s,倒入模具发泡,发泡结束后放入80℃烘箱中固化2h,再常温固化24h,固化后,即得泡沫填充绝缘管用聚氨酯材料。
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