CN117434084A - Digital detection device and detection method for steel pipe - Google Patents
Digital detection device and detection method for steel pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN117434084A CN117434084A CN202311660939.6A CN202311660939A CN117434084A CN 117434084 A CN117434084 A CN 117434084A CN 202311660939 A CN202311660939 A CN 202311660939A CN 117434084 A CN117434084 A CN 117434084A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
Abstract
A digital detection device and a detection method for a steel pipe relate to the technical field of digital measurement, and the digital detection device for the steel pipe comprises the following components: the device comprises a laser generating device, an X-ray generating device, a laser receiving device, an X-ray receiving device, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter and a digital signal processor, wherein the laser receiving device is connected with the first analog-to-digital converter, the first analog-to-digital converter is connected with the digital signal processor, the transmitted X-rays are converted into electric signals of rays by the X-ray receiving device, the X-ray receiving device is connected with the second analog-to-digital converter, and the second analog-to-digital converter is connected with the digital signal processor; and the inner and outer synchronous detection is realized, so that the detection efficiency and the multi-dimensional detection are improved. A digital detection method of a steel pipe detection device determines the relation between the rotation speed u and the moving speed v of the outer tangent point of the steel pipe, laser and X-rays traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe, and the detection speed of the steel pipe is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of digital measurement, in particular to a digital detection device and a digital detection method for a steel pipe.
Background
The defect of inside and surface of circular steel pipe is gone to detect to current mode, can not carry out effectual combination with the detection of inside and surface of steel pipe, can not adopt synchronous and collaborative mode to improve the efficiency of detection, can not carry out inside and surface synchronous detection to the same region of circular steel pipe well, and the flow link of detection is too much, can not effectively fuse the precision that reduces the energy consumption and improve the detection to adopt the digital mode, can not simplify calculation and high-efficient judgement circular steel pipe whether inside and surface quality is qualified.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at least one of the problems is solved, and the invention aims to improve the efficiency and the detection precision, reduce the energy consumption and synchronously detect whether defects exist on the surface and the inside of a circular steel pipe by integrating laser and X rays, and provide a digital detection device and a digital detection method of the steel pipe.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a digital detection device for steel pipes, comprising: the laser device comprises a laser generating device, an X-ray generating device, a laser receiving device, an X-ray receiving device, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a digital-to-analog converter DAC and a digital signal processor DSP, wherein the laser receiving device comprises an amplifying circuit formed by phototriodes, the X-ray receiving device comprises a fluorescent film and an amplifying circuit formed by the phototriodes, the fluorescent film is covered on a light receiving surface of the phototriodes, the analog-to-digital converter ADC comprises a first analog-to-digital converter ADC and a second analog-to-digital converter ADC, and the digital-to-analog converter DAC comprises a first digital-to-analog converter DAC and a second digital-to-analog converter DAC;
the laser generating device emits laser parallel beams, the laser parallel beams are continuously arranged, and the cross section of the laser parallel beams is a first laser line segment; the X-ray generation device emits X-ray parallel beams, the X-ray parallel beams are continuously arranged, and the cross section of each X-ray parallel beam is a first X-ray line segment; the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the round steel pipe, the first laser line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe, and the first X-ray line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe; the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the circular steel tube, and the same region of the steel tube is synchronously detected, so that the synchronism and the synergy of the laser and the X-ray detection of the circular steel tube are improved, and the detection efficiency is improved;
a first external tangent point is arbitrarily selected from the cross section of the circular steel tube, the tangent line of the first external tangent point is a first tangent line, a second tangent line parallel to the first tangent line is used for determining a second external tangent point, the connecting line of the first external tangent point and the second external tangent point passes through the center of the cross section of the circular steel tube, the external lines at two ends of the first external tangent point and the second external tangent point are normals, an incident laser beam irradiates the first external tangent point from one side of the normals, a reflected laser beam is emitted from the other side of the normals at the first external tangent point, the incident laser beam and the reflected laser beam are symmetrical relative to the normals, a laser receiving device is used for converting the reflected laser beam into an electric signal of laser, the laser receiving device is connected with a first analog-to-digital converter ADC, the electric signal of the laser is converted into a digital signal of the laser from the analog signal of the laser, and the first analog-to-digital signal processor DSP is connected with the ADC; the first laser line segment is divided into a plurality of segments and is received by a plurality of laser receiving devices corresponding in space and quantity, the analog signals of the lasers of the plurality of laser receiving devices are received by a first analog-to-digital converter ADC, and a digital signal processor DSP adopts AND operation to judge whether the surface of the circular steel tube has defects; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the laser generating device through a first digital-to-analog converter DAC and controls the intensity of laser emitted by the laser generating device;
the X-ray is transmitted through the first external tangent point and the second external tangent point along the normal line, the transmitted X-ray is converted into an electric signal of the ray by an X-ray receiving device, the X-ray receiving device is connected with a second analog-to-digital converter ADC, the electric signal of the ray is converted into a digital signal of the ray by an analog signal of the ray, and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with a digital signal processor DSP; the first X-ray line segment is divided into a plurality of segments and is received by a plurality of X-ray receiving devices corresponding to the space and the number,
the second analog-to-digital converter ADC receives the analog signals of the rays of the plurality of X-ray receiving devices, and the digital signal processor DSP judges whether the inside of the circular steel tube has defects or not by AND operation; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the X-ray generating device through a second digital-to-analog converter DAC and controls the intensity of rays emitted by the X-ray generating device;
and the digital signal processor DSP performs AND operation on the first analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC to judge whether the round steel pipe is qualified or not.
A detection method of a digital detection device for a steel pipe is realized by the following steps:
the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are matched and overlapped to detect the steel pipe, the center symmetry axis of the steel pipe is taken as the center, the radius of the steel pipe from the center of a circle to the circumscribed point is r, the rotation angular speed of the steel pipe is omega, the rotation speed of the circumscribed point of the steel pipe is u, the length of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment which are matched and overlapped is M, the moving speed of the steel pipe along the center symmetry axis of the steel pipe is v, and the corresponding relation of the rotation speed u is:
u=rω，
the moving speed v of the steel pipe determines the overall detecting speed of the steel pipe, the rotating speed u of the tangent point outside the steel pipe determines the speed of traversing the outer surface of the steel pipe by the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, the steel pipe simultaneously moves and rotates, and the relation formula that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral mode on the outer surface of the steel pipe is as follows:
2πrv= Mu，
wherein pi represents the circumference ratio;
it should be noted that, in the same time period t, the critical relationship is:
the relation of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment around the steel pipe is:
ut=2πr，
the length M of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, and the motion relation of a circumscribed point on the steel pipe:
vt=M，
the moving speed v of the steel pipe determines the overall detecting speed of the steel pipe, the rotating speed u of the tangent point outside the steel pipe determines the speed of traversing the outer surface of the steel pipe by the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, the steel pipe simultaneously moves and rotates, and the relation formula that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral mode on the outer surface of the steel pipe is as follows:
2πrv= Mu，
the relation can be obtained by:
v=（Mu）÷（2πr），
under the condition that the radius of the steel pipe is fixed, the detection speed is improved in the following ways that when the length M of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment is increased, the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased, and when the rotation speed u of the outer tangent point of the steel pipe is increased, the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased; meanwhile, the length M of the first laser line segment and the length M of the first X-ray line segment are increased, and the rotation speed u of the outer tangent point of the steel pipe is increased, so that the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased;
in order to ensure that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral manner, the following relation needs to be satisfied:
Mu>2πr v，
wherein > represents greater than.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the round steel pipe, so that the outer surface of the round steel pipe can be traversed synchronously, the outer surface of the round steel pipe and the inner layer of the corresponding steel pipe can be detected synchronously, and the detection efficiency and the multi-dimensional detection can be improved due to the internal and external synchronous detection; meanwhile, the same area of the steel pipe is synchronously detected, so that the synchronism and the synergy of the laser and the X-ray detection of the round steel pipe are improved, and the detection efficiency is improved;
(2) Detecting the circular steel tube in a rotating mode, detecting 360 degrees of the circumference of the outer circle of the circular steel tube, reducing consumption of electric energy and input of corresponding devices by adopting a linear first laser line segment and a first X-ray line segment, miniaturizing a laser generating device, an X-ray generating device, a laser receiving device and an X-ray receiving device, and simultaneously, carrying out micro differentiation on a measuring area, wherein one differential area corresponds to one digital signal, so that the detection precision is improved;
(3) The digital signal processor DSP is connected with the laser generating device through a first digital-to-analog converter DAC and controls the intensity of laser emitted by the laser generating device; the intensity of the laser is adjusted in real time, so that electric energy is saved and the detection accuracy is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the linear arrangement of lasers of a digital steel pipe inspection device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a linear arrangement of lasers of a digitized inspection apparatus for steel pipes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gradient arrangement of the lasers of a digital steel pipe detection device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional projection of a gradient arrangement of lasers of a digitized inspection apparatus for steel tubing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the staggered arrangement of lasers of a digital steel pipe inspection device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional projection of a staggered arrangement of lasers of a digital steel pipe inspection device;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a laser generator or X-ray generator of a digital steel pipe inspection device producing parallel laser beams or parallel X-ray beams;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional shape of a parallel laser beam or parallel X-ray beam of a digital inspection device for steel pipes;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a digital inspection device for steel pipes;
fig. 10 is a schematic distribution diagram of three groups of first laser line segments and first X-ray line segments.
In the drawings, the reference numerals and corresponding part names:
101-steel tube cross section, 201-laser generating device or X-ray generating device, 202-parallel laser beam or parallel X-ray beam, 203-parallel laser beam or parallel X-ray beam cross section, 301-laser generating device, 302-incident laser beam, 303-first circumscribed point, 304-first tangent line, 305-steel tube cross section center of a circle, 306-second tangent line, 307-second circumscribed point, 308-X-ray receiving device, 309-reflected laser beam, 310-laser receiving device, 311-X-ray, 312-X-ray generating device, 401-first laser line segment and first X-ray line segment distribution position, 402-second first laser line segment and first X-ray line segment distribution position, 403-third first laser line segment and first X-ray line segment distribution position.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of some embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, under the condition of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features and technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Embodiment 1 as shown in fig. 1 to 9, a digital detection device for steel pipes includes: the laser device comprises a laser generating device, an X-ray generating device, a laser receiving device, an X-ray receiving device, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a digital-to-analog converter DAC and a digital signal processor DSP, wherein the laser receiving device comprises an amplifying circuit formed by phototriodes, the X-ray receiving device comprises a fluorescent film and an amplifying circuit formed by the phototriodes, the fluorescent film is covered on a light receiving surface of the phototriodes, the analog-to-digital converter ADC comprises a first analog-to-digital converter ADC and a second analog-to-digital converter ADC, and the digital-to-analog converter DAC comprises a first digital-to-analog converter DAC and a second digital-to-analog converter DAC; the principle of laser detection of the outer surface of the round steel pipe is that the laser beam irradiates the surface of the steel pipe, and the quality and the size of the outer surface of the steel pipe are detected by receiving and analyzing the reflected laser signals, wherein the specific principle is as follows: irradiating the surface of the steel pipe with parallel laser beams, wherein the emission period of the parallel laser beams is continuous or pulsed; the laser receiving device converts the reflected laser into an electric signal of the laser, the digital signal processor DSP (Digital Signal Processor) records and calculates the electric signal of the laser, the digital signal processor DSP analyzes the information such as the intensity, the frequency, the phase and the like of the electric signal of the reflected laser, and the related parameters of the quality of the outer surface of the steel pipe can be obtained; according to the analysis result, whether defects such as pits, cracks and the like exist on the surface of the steel pipe can be judged; the laser detection of the outer surface of the circular steel tube can detect the following:
surface defects: detecting defects such as pits, cracks, abrasion and the like on the surface of the steel pipe by laser to judge whether the surface quality of the steel pipe meets the requirements;
surface finish: the laser detection can detect the finish of the surface of the steel pipe to judge whether the surface is smooth, burr-free and the like;
surface shape: the laser detection can detect the deviation of the surface shape of the steel pipe, such as roundness, straightness and the like;
the X-ray generating device emits X-ray parallel beams, the X-ray receiving device receives the transmitted X-rays, and the principle of detecting the inside of the circular steel tube by the X-rays is to utilize the penetrability and the absorption property of the X-rays by materials; when X-rays pass through the circular steel tube, the X-rays can be absorbed by different materials in the circular steel tube to different degrees, so that different attenuations are formed; the material composition and defect condition inside the circular steel tube can be determined by measuring the transmissivity or attenuation of X-rays; the main detection content of the X-ray detection round steel pipe is as follows:
air holes: gas or gas bubbles may be present inside the steel pipe, and such defects may reduce the strength and toughness of the steel pipe; the transmissivity or attenuation of the steel material and the air hole to X-rays are different;
inclusions: impurities, nonmetallic inclusions, sulfides and the like may exist in the steel pipe, and the inclusions may cause the brittleness of the steel pipe to increase; also, the transmittance or attenuation of the X-rays is different;
loosening: areas of unfused or partially unfused may exist inside the steel pipe, resulting in voids or porosity inside the steel pipe; also, the transmittance or attenuation of the X-rays is different;
decarburized layer: decarburization phenomenon exists in the steel pipe, namely, carbon elements near the surface of the steel pipe are reduced due to oxidation, so that the hardness and strength of the steel pipe are reduced; also, the transmittance or attenuation of the X-rays is different;
wall thickness: the uniformity and the accuracy of the wall thickness of the steel pipe can be measured by X-ray detection, and the change condition of the wall thickness of the steel pipe can be determined and evaluated by measuring the attenuation of X-ray transmission;
component analysis: the material composition in the steel pipe can be determined by X-ray detection, the absorption degree of different materials on X-rays is different, and the components in the steel pipe can be deduced by measuring the transmissivity and the attenuation;
size measurement: the X-ray detection may measure the dimensions of the steel pipe, such as diameter, length, etc. The geometric dimension of the steel pipe can be determined by measuring the transmission condition of X-rays in the steel pipe;
the analog-to-digital converter ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) converts the analog signals into digital signals, converts the analog electric signals of the laser acquired by the laser receiving device into digital electric signals of the laser, and transmits the information of the reflected laser to the digital signal processor DSP by the laser receiving device; the analog-to-digital converter ADC converts the analog electric signal of the rays acquired by the laser receiving device into the digital electric signal of the rays, and realizes that the X-ray receiving device transmits the transmitted X-ray information to the digital signal processor DSP;
a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) transmits a control signal generated by a Digital signal processor DSP to a laser receiving device and an X-ray receiving device, so as to control the laser receiving device to generate laser, such as intensity, and control the X-ray generating device to generate X-rays, such as intensity.
Further, the light emitted by the fluorescent material is a part of visible light, and the phototransistor is mainly sensitive to visible light and near infrared light, so that the phototransistor can absorb the light emitted by the fluorescent material, and the photosensitivity of the phototransistor is different for different wavelengths, so that the absorption effect of the phototransistor is also different for the light emitted by the fluorescent material with different wavelengths; the fluorescent film covers the light receiving surface of the phototriode, and the following process can occur when X rays irradiate the fluorescent film:
x-rays pass through the fluorescent film: the X-rays have high energy and can penetrate through a fluorescent film, and the fluorescent film converts the X-rays into visible light or ultraviolet light;
fluorescent film fluoresces: when X-rays pass through the fluorescent film, the fluorescent material in the fluorescent film can absorb the energy of the X-rays, and after the energy is absorbed, electrons of the fluorescent material can jump to a higher energy level to form an excited state;
the fluorescent film emits visible or ultraviolet light: the excited state fluorescent material emits visible light or ultraviolet light. The wavelength of the emitted light depends on the nature of the fluorescent material, which generally has a specific emission spectrum, so that the intensity or energy of the X-rays can be determined by observing the color of the emitted light;
the phototransistor senses the emitted light: a phototransistor is a device capable of sensing an optical signal, and when a fluorescent film emits light to a light receiving surface of the phototransistor, the phototransistor generates an electrical signal, which can be used to measure the intensity or energy of X-rays;
the fluorescent film covers the light receiving surface of the phototriode, so that X-rays can be converted into visible light or ultraviolet light, and the intensity or energy of the X-rays can be measured by sensing the emitted light through the phototriode, thereby realizing the detection and measurement of the X-rays;
further, the amplifying circuit composed of phototriodes is a photoelectric conversion circuit for converting optical signals into electric signals, and the amplifying circuit can be directly composed of one phototriodes and a plurality of resistors and capacitors, such as 6 or 10 resistors and capacitors, or composed of one photoresistor, one triode, a plurality of resistors and capacitors, such as 6 or 10 resistors and capacitors; taking a photoresistor, a triode, a plurality of resistors, a plurality of capacitors and the like as an example, the working principle is as follows: after receiving the incident light signal, the photoresistor changes its resistance value, the greater the light intensity, the smaller the resistance value; the smaller the light intensity, the larger the resistance value; the photoresistor is connected with the emitting electrode of the triode, and the resistance value change of the photoresistor is converted into a current signal; when the photoresistor current passes through the base electrode of the triode, the triode amplifies the photoresistor current and outputs the photoresistor current to a load circuit or other subsequent circuits; by adjusting the values of elements such as resistance and capacitance in the circuit, the characteristics such as amplification factor and frequency response of the circuit can be changed; thus, the phototriode amplifying circuit can convert the laser signal into a corresponding electric signal and output the corresponding electric signal after amplification.
Further, the laser generating device emits laser parallel beams, the laser parallel beams are arranged continuously, and the cross section of the laser parallel beams is a first laser line segment; the X-ray generation device emits X-ray parallel beams, the X-ray parallel beams are continuously arranged, and the cross section of each X-ray parallel beam is a first X-ray line segment; it should be noted that, the laser generating device is a laser array, the laser array is composed of a plurality of lasers, for example, 20 lasers or 100 lasers, in order to completely traverse the outer surface of the round steel pipe, when there is no gap between the two lasers, that is, the parallel laser beams generated by the two lasers are arranged continuously on the cross section, taking 5 lasers as an example, and referring to fig. 1 and 2, 5 lasers with labels are represented by A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5, the lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are arranged continuously into a rectangle, and the projections of the lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 on the cross section 101 of the steel pipe are overlapped to the laser a, the lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are represented by the laser a, the lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are represented by the rectangle, the laser A1, the laser A2, the rectangle is wide and the rectangle is a millimeter, the laser M is generated on the cross section of the rectangle is 1 and the rectangle is 1, the electric energy is reduced, for example, the electric energy is reduced, and the precision is 1 mm is reduced, or the length is 1 mm is reduced, respectively; the sum of lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 is denoted by C, and the projections of lasers A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 on the steel pipe cross section 101 overlap with laser C. When a gap exists between the two lasers, in order to achieve the effect of continuous arrangement between the laser parallel beams, the lasers adopt a stepped arrangement mode on the concentric rings of the steel pipe, the purpose of the laser arrangement is that when the steel pipe or the lasers rotate, laser beams can traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe, 5 lasers with marks are represented by B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5, the lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 adopt stepped spatial arrangement on the concentric rings of the steel pipe, and the laser arrangement is combined with FIG. 3, the lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 are unfolded to a plane, the dotted line is the cross section of the steel pipe, and in the area between the cross sections, the lasers B1 and B2, B2 and B3, B3 and B4 and the lasers B4 and B5 are connected by laser beams, so that the purpose of realizing the effect of laser beam continuity is achieved; on the basis of fig. 3, the lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 are arranged from left to right in a descending step arrangement mode, and the same effect of laser beam continuity is achieved in an ascending step arrangement mode; referring to fig. 4, the projections of lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 on the steel pipe cross section 101 are angled; preferably, when a gap exists between the two lasers, in order to achieve the effect of continuous arrangement between the parallel laser beams, and simultaneously, in order to optimize the spatial positions of the lasers on the concentric circles of the steel pipe, the lasers adopt a staggered arrangement mode on the concentric circles of the steel pipe, the purpose of the laser beam is that when the steel pipe or the lasers rotate, the laser beams can traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe, 5 lasers with marks are represented by B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5, the lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 adopt a staggered spatial arrangement on the concentric circles of the steel pipe, and in combination with fig. 5, the lasers B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 are unfolded to a plane, the dotted lines are the cross sections of the steel pipe, and the purpose of realizing the effect of continuous connection of the laser beams between the lasers B1 and B2, B2 and B3, B3 and B4, and B4 and B5; fig. 6,E shows a generic term for lasers A1, A3 and A5, F shows a generic term for lasers A2 and A4, the projections of lasers B1, B3 and B5 on the steel pipe cross section 101 are lasers E, and the projections of lasers B2 and B5 on the steel pipe cross section 101 are lasers F. The parallel X-ray beam generated by the X-ray generating device is an X-ray rectangle in cross section, the length and the width of the X-ray rectangle are M2 and N2 respectively, and the width N2 is reduced, such as 1 millimeter or 0.1 millimeter, for improving the detection precision and saving the electric energy. Referring to fig. 7, the laser generating device or the X-ray generating device 201 generates a parallel laser beam or a parallel X-ray beam 202, a cross section 203 of the parallel laser beam or the parallel X-ray beam is a distribution situation of the parallel laser beam or the parallel X-ray beam, the parallel laser beam or the parallel X-ray beam 202 irradiates an external tangent point of a steel tube, the formed cross section 203 of the parallel laser beam or the parallel X-ray beam is a first laser line segment or a first X-ray line segment, and referring to fig. 8, the distribution of the parallel laser beam or the parallel X-ray beam in the cross section is rectangular, and the length and the width of the rectangle are M and N respectively, specifically: the length and the width of the laser rectangle are respectively M1 and N1, the length and the width of the X-ray rectangle are respectively M2 and N2, and the N1 and the N2 are differentiated into lines, so that a first laser line segment or a first X-ray line segment is formed, the detection precision is improved, and the interference laser and the X-ray are reduced.
Further, a first laser line segment and a first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the round steel pipe, the first laser line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe, and the first X-ray line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe; the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the round steel pipe, so that the outer surface of the round steel pipe can be traversed synchronously, the outer surface of the round steel pipe and the inner layer of the corresponding steel pipe can be detected synchronously, and the detection efficiency and the multi-dimensional detection can be improved due to the internal and external synchronous detection; the circular steel tube is detected in a rotating mode, 360-degree detection is carried out on the circumference of the outer circle of the circular steel tube, the consumption of electric energy and the investment of corresponding devices can be reduced by adopting a linear first laser line segment and a first X-ray line segment, and the laser generating device, the X-ray generating device, the laser receiving device and the X-ray receiving device are miniaturized.
Further, taking a round steel pipe as an example, and combining with fig. 9, selecting a region irradiated by laser and X-rays, arbitrarily selecting a steel pipe cross section 101 of the round steel pipe, arbitrarily selecting a circumscribed point as a first circumscribed point 303 on the steel pipe cross section 101, determining a second circumscribed point 307 by a second circumscribed line 306 parallel to the first circumscribed point 304, connecting the first circumscribed point 303 and the second circumscribed point 307 through a center 305 of the steel pipe cross section 101, connecting the first circumscribed point 303 and two end circumscribed lines of the second circumscribed point 307 as normal lines, the normal lines coincide with the X-rays 311, emitting an incident laser beam 302 by a laser generating device 301, irradiating the incident laser beam 302 from one side of the normal line to the first circumscribed point 303, reflecting the laser beam 309 from the other side of the normal line by the first circumscribed point 303, scattering or absorbing the incident laser beam 302 at the first circumscribed point 303 due to surface defects or surface finish or surface shapes of the steel pipe surface, reflecting the incident laser beam 302 symmetrically with respect to the normal line of the first circumscribed point 303 and reflecting the normal line as a laser signal 309 with respect to a digital-analog-to-digital laser signal receiving device 310, and converting the laser signal into a laser signal by a digital-to-analog-to-digital laser signal receiving device 309, and converting the laser signal into a laser signal by a digital-to-analog laser signal receiving device 310, and converting the laser signal by the digital signal receiving device 309; the first laser line segment is divided into several segments, for example, the first laser line segment is divided into 10 segments or 20 segments on average, and is received by several laser receiving devices 310 corresponding in space and number, for example, 10 or 20 laser receiving devices 310, the first block analog-digital converter ADC receives analog signals of the lasers of the several laser receiving devices 310, the digital signal processor DSP uses and operation, for example, taking 10 laser receiving devices as an example, when the first segment of the first laser line segment is collected, when the reflected laser beam 309 of the first segment is received by the first laser receiving device, the laser signal is converted into an electrical signal of the laser, the electrical signal of the laser is converted into a digital signal of the laser by the first block analog-digital converter ADC, for example, when the analog signal generated by the reflected laser beam 309 of the first segment is greater than 0 volt and less than 2.5 volts, the digital signal of the laser is 0, and when the analog signal generated by the reflected laser beam 309 of the first segment is greater than 2.5 volts, the digital signal of the laser is 1; the second segment through the tenth segment of the first laser line segment, as in the first segment of the first laser line segment, the digital signal of the laser is 0, indicating that the amount of the incident laser beam 302 absorbed and scattered at the first circumscribed point 303 exceeds a threshold, such as 50%, and the digital signal of the laser is 1, indicating that the amount of the incident laser beam 302 absorbed and scattered at the first circumscribed point 303 is less than a threshold, such as 50%; taking the occurrence of pits as an example, when pits occur in the first section of the first laser line section, the digital signals of the lasers from the first section to the tenth section of the first laser line section are 0111111111, the digital signal processor DSP adopts AND operation to judge that the surface of the steel pipe where the first laser line section is positioned is uneven, the surface of the steel pipe is judged to have defects, and similarly, when the digital signals of the lasers from the first section to the tenth section are 1111111111, the digital signal processor DSP adopts AND operation to judge that the surface of the steel pipe where the first laser line section is positioned is flat; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the laser generating device through a first digital-to-analog converter DAC and controls the intensity of laser emitted by the laser generating device; the intensity of the laser is adjusted in real time, when the intensity of the laser is too low, the intensity of the laser is adjusted to be high, the detection accuracy is improved, when the intensity of the laser is too high, the intensity of the laser is adjusted to be low, and the electric energy is saved and the detection accuracy is improved. The X-ray generating device 312 emits X-rays 311, the X-rays 311 are transmitted through the first circumscribed point 303 and the second circumscribed point 307 along the normal line, the lengths of the first circumscribed point 303 and the second circumscribed point 307 are the diameters of prototype steel pipes, the transmitted X-rays 311, the X-ray receiving device 308 converts the X-rays 311 into electric signals of rays, the X-ray receiving device 308 is connected with the second analog-to-digital converter ADC, the electric signals of the rays are converted into digital signals of rays from analog signals of the rays, and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with the digital signal processor DSP; specifically, the X-ray receiving device 308 only receives the X-ray 311 transmitted along the normal line, the first X-ray line segment is divided into several segments, for example, the first X-ray line segment is divided into 10 segments or 20 segments on average, and the corresponding several X-ray receiving devices 308 in space and number, for example, 10 or 20X-ray receiving devices 308, the second analog-to-digital converter ADC receives the analog signals of the several X-ray receiving devices 308, the digital signal processor DSP uses and operation, for example, taking 10X-ray receiving devices 308 as an example, when the first segment of the first X-ray line segment is collected, the X-ray 311 is received by the first X-ray receiving device 308 after being transmitted in the steel pipe, the signal of the X-ray is converted into the electrical signal of the X-ray, the electrical signal of the X-ray is converted into the digital signal of the X-ray by the second analog-to-digital signal by the second analog-to-digital converter ADC, for example, when the analog signal of the X-ray 311 is greater than 0 v and less than 2.5 v, and the digital signal of the X-ray is 0 when the analog signal of the X-ray 311 is greater than 2.5 v and the digital signal of the X-ray is 1; the second to tenth sections of the first X-ray line segment are the same as the first section of the first X-ray line segment, the digital signal of the X-ray is 0, the transmittance of the X-ray 311 after being absorbed and scattered by the steel pipe is greater than a threshold value, for example, the threshold value is 50%, the digital signal of the X-ray is 1, and the transmittance of the X-ray 311 after being absorbed and scattered by the steel pipe is less than the threshold value, for example, the threshold value is 50%; taking the example of the material composition difference or the defect existence in the steel pipe, when the material composition difference or the defect exists in the region transmitted by the first section of the first X-ray line section, the digital signal processor DSP judges that the material composition difference or the defect exists in the region transmitted by the first section of the first X-ray line section by adopting and operation, and similarly, when the material composition difference or the defect exists in the steel pipe, the digital signal processor DSP judges that the material composition difference or the defect exists in the region transmitted by the first section of the first X-ray line section by adopting and operation, and the material composition difference or the defect does not exist in the steel pipe; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the X-ray generating device 312 through a second digital-to-analog converter DAC and controls the intensity of X-rays emitted by the X-ray generating device 312; the intensity of the X-ray is adjusted in real time, when the intensity of the X-ray is too low, the intensity of the X-ray is adjusted to be high, the detection accuracy is improved, and when the intensity of the X-ray is too high, the intensity of the X-ray is adjusted to be low, and the electric energy is saved and the detection accuracy is improved. The digital signal processor DSP performs an and operation on the first analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC to determine whether the round steel pipe is qualified, for example, taking the first analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC to collect 8 digital signals respectively as an example, if and only if the 8 digital signals of the first analog-to-digital converter ADC are 11111111, the 8 digital signals of the second analog-to-digital converter ADC are 11111111, the digital signal processor DSP performs an and operation, and the round steel pipe is qualified.
Example 2 as shown in fig. 10, a method for detecting a steel pipe by using a digital detecting device is implemented as follows:
the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are matched and overlapped to detect the steel pipe, the center symmetry axis of the steel pipe is taken as the center, the radius of the steel pipe from the center of a circle to the circumscribed point is r, the rotation angular speed of the steel pipe is omega, the rotation speed of the circumscribed point of the steel pipe is u, the length of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment which are matched and overlapped is M, the moving speed of the steel pipe along the center symmetry axis of the steel pipe is v, and the corresponding relation of the rotation speed u is:
u=rω，
the moving speed v of the steel pipe determines the overall detecting speed of the steel pipe, the rotating speed u of the tangent point outside the steel pipe determines the speed of traversing the outer surface of the steel pipe by the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, the steel pipe simultaneously moves and rotates, and the relation formula that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral mode on the outer surface of the steel pipe is as follows:
2πrv= Mu，
wherein pi represents the circumference ratio;
it should be noted that, in the same time period t, the critical relationship is:
the relation of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment around the steel pipe is:
ut=2πr，
the length M of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, and the motion relation of a circumscribed point on the steel pipe:
vt=M，
the moving speed v of the steel pipe determines the overall detecting speed of the steel pipe, the rotating speed u of the tangent point outside the steel pipe determines the speed of traversing the outer surface of the steel pipe by the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, the steel pipe simultaneously moves and rotates, and the relation formula that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral mode on the outer surface of the steel pipe is as follows:
2πrv= Mu，
the relation can be obtained by:
v=（Mu）÷（2πr），
under the condition that the radius of the steel pipe is fixed, the detection speed is improved in the following ways that when the length M of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment is increased, the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased, and when the rotation speed u of the outer tangent point of the steel pipe is increased, the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased; meanwhile, the length M of the first laser line segment and the length M of the first X-ray line segment are increased, and the rotation speed u of the outer tangent point of the steel pipe is increased, so that the moving speed v of the steel pipe can be increased;
in order to ensure that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral manner, the following relation needs to be satisfied:
Mu>2πr v，
wherein > represents greater than.
Preferably, the first laser line segments of the first group are matched and overlapped with the first X-ray line segments, the first laser line segments of the second group are matched and overlapped with the first X-ray line segments, the first laser line segments of the third group are matched and overlapped with the first X-ray line segments, an average distribution mode is adopted on a circular ring of the cross section, the three groups of the first laser line segments and the first X-ray line segments are arranged on the annular surface of the same steel pipe, and are included angles of 120 degrees between each group, and in combination with fig. 10, on the cross section 101 of the steel pipe, the distribution positions 401 of the first laser line segments and the first X-ray line segments of the first group, the distribution positions 402 of the first laser line segments and the first X-ray line segments of the second group, and the distribution positions 403 of the first laser line segments and the first X-ray line segments of the third group are included angles of 120 degrees, and under the condition that the lengths M, the rotation speeds u of the first laser line segments and the radius r of the steel pipe from the circle center to the circumscribed point are fixed, the detection speed is 3v, namely the moving speed of the steel pipe is 3v. The number of pairs of first laser line segments and first X-ray line segments overlap is a natural number in the singular, because the X-rays 311 are transmitted through the first circumscribed point 303 and the second circumscribed point 307 along the normal line, the first circumscribed point 303 and the second circumscribed point 307 are symmetrical about the origin, and the transmitting side and the receiving side of the X-rays 311 overlap.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions described in the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail in the present specification with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and thus any modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to the present invention; all technical solutions and modifications thereof that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included in the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A digital detection device for steel pipes, comprising: the device comprises a laser generating device, an X-ray generating device, a laser receiving device, an X-ray receiving device, an analog-to-digital converter ADC, a digital-to-analog converter DAC and a digital signal processor DSP; the laser generating device emits laser parallel beams, the laser parallel beams are arranged continuously, and the cross section of each laser parallel beam is a first laser line segment; the X-ray generation device emits X-ray parallel beams, the X-ray parallel beams are continuously arranged, and the cross section of each X-ray parallel beam is a first X-ray line segment; the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment are overlapped on the outer surface of the round steel pipe, the first laser line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe, and the first X-ray line segment is parallel to the central symmetry axis of the round steel pipe; the laser receiving device is connected with a first analog-to-digital converter ADC which is connected to the digital signal processor DSP; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the laser generating device through a first digital-to-analog converter DAC; the transmitted X-rays are converted into electric signals of rays by an X-ray receiving device, the X-ray receiving device is connected with a second analog-to-digital converter ADC, and the second analog-to-digital converter ADC is connected with a digital signal processor DSP; the digital signal processor DSP is connected with the X-ray generating device through a second digital-to-analog converter DAC; the digital signal processor DSP performs an and operation on the first block analog-to-digital converter ADC and the second block analog-to-digital converter ADC.
2. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the emission period of the parallel beam of laser light is continuous or pulsed.
3. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the digital signal processor DSP analyzes the intensity, frequency and phase information of the electrical signal of the reflected laser light.
4. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmittance or attenuation of the X-rays is measured.
5. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fluorescent film converts X-rays into visible light or ultraviolet light.
6. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the incident laser beam (302) is symmetric about the normal line at the first circumscribed point (303) and the reflected laser beam is a reflected laser beam (309), and the laser receiving means (310) receives only the reflected laser beam (309), the normal line coinciding with the X-ray (311).
7. A steel pipe digital detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the X-ray receiving means (308) receives only X-rays (311) transmitted along the normal line.
8. The method for detecting a digitized steel pipe detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein a first laser line segment and a first X-ray line segment are paired to overlap and detect a steel pipe, a radius of the steel pipe from a center of a circle to an external tangent point is r, a rotational angular velocity of the steel pipe is ω, a rotational velocity of the external tangent point of the steel pipe is u, a length of the paired overlap of the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment is M, a moving velocity of the steel pipe along the center of the steel pipe is v, wherein the rotational velocity u corresponds to:
u=rω，
the moving speed v of the steel pipe determines the overall detecting speed of the steel pipe, the rotating speed u of the tangent point outside the steel pipe determines the speed of traversing the outer surface of the steel pipe by the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment, the steel pipe simultaneously moves and rotates, and the relation formula that the first laser line segment and the first X-ray line segment can completely traverse the outer surface of the steel pipe in a spiral mode on the outer surface of the steel pipe is as follows:
2πrv= Mu，
where pi represents the circumference ratio.
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