CN117399555B - Shaft forging and forging equipment and forging method thereof - Google Patents
Shaft forging and forging equipment and forging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117399555B CN117399555B CN202311715971.XA CN202311715971A CN117399555B CN 117399555 B CN117399555 B CN 117399555B CN 202311715971 A CN202311715971 A CN 202311715971A CN 117399555 B CN117399555 B CN 117399555B
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- forging
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- upper die
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 331
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009721 upset forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
- B21J9/12—Drives for forging presses operated by hydraulic or liquid pressure
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging equipment, in particular to a shaft forging, forging equipment and a forging method thereof, aiming at the problems that the existing forging equipment needs to clamp steel manually through a pair of pliers and repeatedly rotate, the damage to workers is very easy, and the cutting length of the shaft forging cannot be controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging equipment, in particular to a shaft forging, forging equipment and forging method thereof.
Background
The shaft is a cylindrical object passing through the middle of the bearing or the middle of the wheel or the middle of the gear, but a small part of the shaft is square, the shaft is a mechanical part which supports the rotating part and rotates together with the rotating part to transmit motion, torque or bending moment, the shaft is generally in a metal round rod shape, each section can have different diameters, and the part which rotates in the machine is arranged on the shaft.
In the prior art, some defects still exist in the counter shaft forging process:
in the prior art, after the steel is burned to a certain degree, the steel is forged to be approximately cylindrical, cylindrical steel iron is clamped into a die through pliers, then a knocking hammer is used for repeatedly knocking an upper die, steel in the die is forged through the upper die, so that the steel becomes round and moist, the primary forming of the shaft is further realized, the steel is clamped by the iron pliers manually in the knocking process and then repeatedly rotated, the working strength of workers is increased, and iron flowers generated during the steel knocking are extremely easy to cause injury to the workers;
at the end of forging, one end of the shaft forging needs to be sheared, but the shearing length cannot be controlled in the shearing process, so that the shearing length of the shaft forging cannot be controlled.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a shaft forging, forging equipment and forging method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that in the prior art, forging equipment needs to clamp steel manually through a pair of iron tongs and then repeatedly rotate, the damage to staff is very easy to occur, and the cutting length of a shaft forging piece cannot be controlled.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a shaft forging equipment, includes the platform, there is the forging platform at the top of platform through slide rail sliding connection, the both ends of slide rail all are equipped with the stopper, the top of forging platform is through the bolt detachable has the bed die, the top of bed die is equipped with the mould, the bottom both sides of going up the mould have all welded a plurality of slide bars, and the bottom slip of slide bar extends to in the bed die, the top welding of platform has the portal frame, the top inner wall of portal frame is fixed with first pneumatic cylinder through the bolt, the output shaft of first pneumatic cylinder is fixed with the forging head through the bolt;
the overturning forging structure is arranged at the top of the platform and is used for forging different surfaces and different distances of the shaft forging piece;
the driving structure is arranged at the top of the upper die and is used for driving the overturning forging structure when the first hydraulic cylinder knocks the upper die;
and the cutting structure is arranged at the top of the forging table and is used for cutting the forged shaft forging into specified lengths.
In one possible design, the turnover forging structure comprises a moving table slidingly connected to the top of the platform, the top of the platform is rotationally connected with a reciprocating screw rod in threaded connection with the moving table, two ends of the reciprocating screw rod are rotationally connected with a first base plate and a second base plate respectively, one side of the forging table is provided with a sliding groove slidingly matched with the first base plate, the second base plate is fixed to the top of the platform, a rotating ring penetrates through the moving table in a rotating way, one side of the rotating ring far away from the forging table is fixedly provided with a toothed ring through a bolt, the outer wall of the reciprocating screw rod is slidingly connected with a rotating pipe through a sliding block and a sliding groove, one end of the rotating pipe is rotationally connected with one side of the moving table, and the outer wall of the rotating pipe is slidingly connected with a first gear through the sliding block and the sliding groove and is meshed with the toothed ring; the rotating ring drives the reciprocating screw rod to rotate through the meshing of the toothed ring and the first gear, and then when the faces of the shaft forge piece, which are different, are forged, the moving table drives the shaft forge piece to move for a certain distance, so that the faces of the shaft forge piece, which are different, can be forged, are simple to operate, do not need manual operation, and not only the working strength of workers is reduced, but also the risk of the workers from being injured is reduced.
In one possible design, the driving structure comprises a round sleeve fixed at the top of the upper die through bolts, a plurality of first springs are fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve, a lifting plate is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the round sleeve, the bottom of the lifting plate is fixedly connected with the top end of the first springs, a plurality of supporting blocks limiting the lifting plate are welded on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve, a connecting hose communicated with the round sleeve is arranged on one side of the round sleeve, an air inflation cavity is arranged in the moving table, the other end of the connecting hose is communicated with the air inflation cavity, a support plate is fixedly connected in the portal frame and guides the connecting hose, a piston plate is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the air inflation cavity, a tension spring is fixedly connected at the bottom of the piston plate, the bottom end of the tension spring is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the air inflation cavity, a rack is fixed on the top of the piston plate through bolts, a base is welded on the top of the moving table, a rotating shaft penetrates through the base, a third gear is fixed on one end of the rotating shaft, the third gear is meshed with a toothed ring, the outer wall of the moving table is provided with a unidirectional bearing, and the second gear is meshed with the second gear; when the forging head moves downwards to knock the upper die, the forging head knocks the lifting plate at first, the lifting plate extrudes air in the round sleeve, the air in the round sleeve is injected into the air filling cavity through the connecting hose, the air pushes the piston plate and the rack to move upwards, the rack drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the second gear and the one-way bearing, at the moment, the one-way bearing and the rotating shaft are in a locking state, and the rotating shaft drives the overturning forging structure through the third gear.
In one possible design, the cutting structure comprises two fixing seats fixedly connected to the top of the forging table, fixing rods are welded to the tops of the two fixing seats, the same cutter is sleeved on the outer walls of the two fixing rods in a sliding mode, one side of the cutter is in sliding connection with one side of the upper die, a second spring fixedly connected with the top of the fixing seat is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixing rod, the top end of the second spring is fixedly connected with the bottom of the cutter, a second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the top of the platform through bolts, and an output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with one side of the forging table; starting the second hydraulic cylinder, the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder drives the forging platform to slide to the right side until the forging platform is limited by the limiting block, the cutter is positioned under the forging head at the moment, then the forging head repeatedly knocks the lifting plate and the cutter again, the cutter can cut one end of the shaft forging, the lifting of the lifting plate can control the rotating ring and the shaft forging to turn over, the cutter can cut the rotating shaft forging, the rotating rod is fixed with the moving position of the forging platform, the rotating rod limits the toothed ring, the position of the forging platform relative to the cutter is fixed, and therefore the cutting length of the shaft forging is fixed every time under the cooperation of the forging platform and the rotating rod.
In one possible design, a plurality of electric push rods are fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring through bolts, arc-shaped clamping plates are fixed at one ends of output shafts of the electric push rods, and limiting rods for limiting shaft forgings are fixed in the rotating ring through bolts; the shaft forging can be clamped through the cooperation of the electric push rod and the arc clamping plate, and the shaft forging can be turned over in the later period.
In one possible design, an annular electromagnet is fixedly embedded on one side, close to the second substrate, of the mobile station, an annular magnet is arranged on one side, close to the mobile station, of the first gear, the annular magnet is matched with the annular electromagnet, and a limiting ring for limiting the first gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating tube; the magnetism of the annular electromagnet can be changed through changing the anode and the cathode of the annular electromagnet, when magnetic attraction force is generated between the annular electromagnet and the first gear, the first gear is meshed with the toothed ring, further, forging can be performed on different faces and different distances of the shaft forging, when magnetic repulsion force is generated between the annular electromagnet and the first gear, the first gear is disengaged from the toothed ring, the rotary ring belt shaft forging is turned over, cutting of the shaft forging in the later period is facilitated, and the rotary ring shaft forging can be used for forging steps of the shaft forging.
In one possible design, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the top of the second substrate, and a pressure sensor is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating rod; and the dwang can change different length, rotates the dwang, makes the dwang be the horizontality, and when the movable table drove the ring gear and removed, the ring gear touched pressure sensor, can start the second pneumatic cylinder at this moment and to forge the platform and stimulate, be convenient for later stage counter shaft forging tailor, and change the length of dwang, can control the length of counter shaft forging tailorring.
In one possible design, a first connecting frame and a second connecting frame are welded on two sides of the upper die respectively, a forging cross rod penetrates through the upper die, one end of the forging cross rod extends into the first connecting frame, the other end of the forging cross rod penetrates through the second connecting frame, and a nut limiting the forging cross rod is connected with the second connecting frame in a threaded manner; when the step is forged to the axle forging, insert the forging horizontal pole in the mould, limit the forging horizontal pole through first link, second link and nut, then through the repulsion between annular electromagnet and the annular magnet, remove the meshing between first gear and the ring gear, with the continuous striking to lifter plate and the last mould of forging head, the forging horizontal pole forms the recess to the outer wall of axle forging, then produce magnetic attraction between first gear and the ring gear, so with the recess limit, forge continuously to axle forging part gradually, and then make the axle forging forge the step, can change the lower mould and the last mould of different diameters in addition, forge the axle forging of different diameters with this.
A method of forging a shaft forging, comprising the steps of:
s1, clamping a shaft forging through the cooperation of an electric push rod and an arc clamping plate, then placing the shaft forging between a lower die and an upper die, starting a first hydraulic cylinder, pushing a forging head to move downwards by the first hydraulic cylinder, and knocking and forging the upper die by the forging head through knocking a lifting plate and a round sleeve, wherein the shaft forging in the upper die can be forged through the cooperation of the lower die and the upper die, so that the shaft forging is relatively round;
s2, when the forging head knocks the lifting plate, the lifting plate extrudes air in the round sleeve, the air in the round sleeve is injected into the air filling cavity through the connecting hose, the air pushes the piston plate and the rack to move upwards, the rack drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the second gear and the one-way bearing, at the moment, the one-way bearing and the rotating shaft are in a locking state, the rotating shaft drives the toothed ring and the rotating ring to rotate through the third gear, and then the shaft forging can be driven to overturn for a certain angle, and when the shaft forging is overturned, the shaft forging pushes the upper die upwards for a certain distance due to the fact that the shape of the shaft forging is not round enough, so that other surfaces of the shaft forging can be forged in the later period;
s4, when the toothed ring drives the shaft forging to rotate, the toothed ring drives the reciprocating screw to rotate through the first gear, at the moment, the reciprocating screw drives the moving table to move, the moving table drives the shaft forging to move for a small distance, in addition, in the process of forging the shaft forging, the shaft forging is extruded, and the length of the shaft forging can be prolonged, so that different surfaces of the shaft forging can be forged at different distances along with the knocking of the forging head on the upper die, and further, the shaft forging can be effectively forged;
s5, when the shaft forging needs to be cut, rotating the rotating rod to enable the rotating rod to be in a horizontal state, driving the moving table to move rightwards by rotation of the reciprocating screw until the toothed ring contacts the pressure sensor, switching on opposite currents to the annular electromagnet at the moment, generating repulsive force between the annular electromagnet and the annular magnet, enabling the first gear to be disengaged from the toothed ring, starting the second hydraulic cylinder, enabling an output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder to drive the forging table to slide rightwards until the forging table is limited by the limiting block, enabling the cutter to be located right below the forging head, repeatedly knocking the lifting plate and the cutter by the forging head, enabling one end of the shaft forging to be cut by the cutter, enabling the lifting of the lifting plate to control the rotating ring and the shaft forging to be overturned, enabling the cutter to cut the rotating shaft forging to be cut, enabling the rotating rod to limit the toothed ring due to the fact that the moving position of the rotating rod and the forging table is fixed, enabling the position of the forging table to be fixed relative to the cutter, and enabling the cutting length of the shaft forging to be fixed each time under the matching of the forging table and the rotating rod;
s6, when a step is required to be forged on the shaft forging piece, the forging cross rod is inserted into the upper die, the forging cross rod is limited through the first connecting frame, the second connecting frame and the nut, then the meshing between the first gear and the toothed ring is relieved through repulsive force between the annular electromagnet and the annular magnet, the outer wall of the shaft forging piece is formed into a groove along with the continuous knocking of the forging head on the lifting plate and the upper die, then magnetic attraction is generated between the annular electromagnet and the annular magnet, the first gear and the toothed ring are meshed again, so that the step is limited by the groove, the shaft forging piece is gradually forged continuously, the shaft forging piece is further forged on the step, and in addition, the lower die and the upper die with different diameters can be replaced, so that shaft forging pieces with different diameters are forged.
The shaft forging is manufactured by the forging method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the rotating ring drives the reciprocating screw to rotate through the meshing of the toothed ring and the first gear, and then when different surfaces of the shaft forging piece are forged, the moving table drives the shaft forging piece to move for a certain distance, so that the different surfaces of the shaft forging piece can be forged at different distances, the operation is simple, manual operation is not needed, the working strength of workers is reduced, and the risk of work injury of the workers is reduced;
according to the invention, the output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder drives the forging table to slide rightwards, the forging head repeatedly knocks the lifting plate and the cutter, the lifting of the lifting plate can control the rotating ring and the shaft forging to turn over, the cutter can cut the rotating shaft forging, and the length of the shaft forging cut can be controlled by the cooperation of the movement of the rotating rod and the forging table;
according to the invention, when magnetic attraction is generated between the annular electromagnet and the first gear, the first gear is meshed with the toothed ring, forging is performed on different surfaces and different distances of the shaft forging, when magnetic repulsion is generated between the annular electromagnet and the first gear, the first gear is disengaged from the toothed ring, and the shaft forging is turned over by rotating the annular belt, so that the shaft forging can be conveniently cut in the later stage, and the shaft forging can be used for forging steps;
according to the invention, the rotating rod is in a horizontal state, the toothed ring contacts the pressure sensor, the second hydraulic cylinder can be started to pull the forging table at the moment, the shaft forging piece can be conveniently cut in the later period, the length of the rotating rod is replaced, and the cutting length of the shaft forging piece can be controlled.
In the invention, when the forging head moves downwards to knock the lifting plate, air in the round sleeve is injected into the air filling cavity through the connecting hose and pushes the piston plate and the rack to move upwards, the rack drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the second gear and the one-way bearing, at the moment, the one-way bearing and the rotating shaft are in a locking state, and the rotating shaft drives the overturning forging structure through the third gear.
According to the invention, the first hydraulic cylinder pushes the forging head to knock the lifting plate, so that the shaft forging can be automatically forged on different surfaces and different distances, the operation is simple, manual operation is not needed, the working strength of workers is reduced, the risk of work injury of the workers is reduced, in addition, the shaft forging can be cut to the designated length after the forging is finished, and the non-uniform length of the shaft forging is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a shaft forging apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second perspective three-dimensional structure of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional explosion structure of a lower die, an upper die and a cutter of a shaft forging apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing three-dimensional sectional structures of a forging stage, a lower die and an upper die of a shaft forging apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional exploded structure of a round sleeve and a lifter plate of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of a moving table, a rotating ring and a toothed ring of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of a part of a moving stage of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional exploded structure of a rotary tube, a first gear and an annular electromagnet of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic side sectional view of the lower and upper dies of a forging apparatus for shaft forgings according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of a axial forging of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a platform; 2. a portal frame; 3. a first hydraulic cylinder; 4. forging a head; 5. a forging stage; 6. a lower die; 7. an upper die; 8. a slide bar; 9. a sliding groove; 10. a first substrate; 11. a reciprocating screw; 12. a second substrate; 13. a mobile station; 14. a rotating ring; 15. an electric push rod; 16. an arc clamping plate; 17. a limit rod; 18. a toothed ring; 19. a rotary tube; 20. an annular electromagnet; 21. a first gear; 22. a ring magnet; 23. a limiting ring; 24. a round sleeve; 25. a lifting plate; 26. a first spring; 27. a support block; 28. a connecting hose; 29. an air-filling cavity; 30. a piston plate; 31. a tension spring; 32. a rack; 33. a base; 34. a rotating shaft; 35. a one-way bearing; 36. a second gear; 37. a third gear; 38. a rotating lever; 39. a pressure sensor; 40. a second hydraulic cylinder; 41. a fixing seat; 42. a fixed rod; 43. a cutter; 44. a second spring; 45. a support plate; 46. a first connection frame; 47. a second connecting frame; 48. forging a cross bar; 49. a nut; 50. and (5) shaft forgings.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-8, a shaft forging apparatus is used in the field of shaft forging apparatus, including platform 1, there is forging platform 5 at the top of platform 1 through slide rail sliding connection, the both ends of slide rail all are equipped with the stopper, the top of forging platform 5 can be dismantled through the bolt and have bed die 6, the top of bed die 6 is equipped with mould 7, a plurality of slide bars 8 have all been welded to the bottom both sides of mould 7, and the bottom slip of slide bar 8 extends to in the bed die 6, the top welding of platform 1 has portal frame 2, the top inner wall of portal frame 2 is fixed with first pneumatic cylinder 3 through the bolt, the output shaft of first pneumatic cylinder 3 is fixed with forging head 4 through the bolt.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 6 and fig. 8, this equipment still includes the upset forging structure of setting at the top of platform 1, be used for forging the different face, different distances of counter shaft forging, upset forging structure includes the movable table 13 of sliding connection at platform 1 top, the top rotation of platform 1 is connected with the reciprocating screw 11 with movable table 13 threaded connection, the both ends of reciprocating screw 11 are rotated respectively and are connected with first base plate 10 and second base plate 12, one side of forging platform 5 is equipped with the sliding tray 9 with first base plate 10 sliding fit, the top at platform 1 is fixed to the second base plate 12, the movable table 13 internal rotation runs through there is swivel ring 14, swivel ring 14 keeps away from the one side of forging platform 5 and has toothed ring 18 through the bolt fastening, the outer wall of reciprocating screw 11 has the dwang 19 through slider, spout sliding connection, and the one end of dwang 19 is connected with one side rotation of movable table 13, the outer wall of dwang 19 has first gear 21 through the slider, spout sliding connection, and first gear 21 and toothed ring 18 looks meshing with toothed ring 14, the meshing of toothed ring 14 and first gear 21 drives reciprocating screw 11 through toothed ring 18 and rotates, and then the face is different face and then the movable table 13 carries out the manual work has reduced the distance to the forging, the different face does not need the manual work to hinder the distance to the face to move, therefore the counter shaft forging has no need to be reduced, the manual work to move the face to the worker to the distance to can be moved.
Referring to fig. 6, the inner wall of the rotating ring 14 is fixed with a plurality of electric push rods 15 through bolts, one ends of output shafts of the electric push rods 15 are all fixed with arc clamping plates 16, limiting rods 17 for limiting shaft forgings are fixed in the rotating ring 14 through bolts, and the shaft forgings can be clamped through the cooperation of the electric push rods 15 and the arc clamping plates 16, so that the shaft forgings can be turned over in later periods.
Referring to fig. 6, the top of the second substrate 12 is rotatably connected with a rotating rod 38, the top end of the rotating rod 38 is fixedly connected with a pressure sensor 39, and the rotating rod 38 can be replaced with different lengths, the rotating rod 38 is rotated to enable the rotating rod 38 to be in a horizontal state, when the moving table 13 drives the toothed ring 18 to move, the toothed ring 18 contacts the pressure sensor 39, at this time, the second hydraulic cylinder 40 can be started to pull the forging table 5, so that later-stage shaft forgings can be cut conveniently, the length of the rotating rod 38 is replaced, and the cutting length of the shaft forgings can be controlled.
Referring to fig. 2-7, the device further comprises a driving structure arranged at the top of the upper die 7 and used for driving the overturning forging structure simultaneously when the first hydraulic cylinder 3 knocks the upper die 7, the driving structure comprises a round sleeve 24 fixed at the top of the upper die 7 through bolts, a plurality of first springs 26 are fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve 24, a lifting plate 25 is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the round sleeve 24, the bottom of the lifting plate 25 is fixedly connected with the top end of the first springs 26, a plurality of supporting blocks 27 limiting the lifting plate 25 are welded on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve 24, a connecting hose 28 communicated with one side of the round sleeve 24 is arranged, an air charging cavity 29 is arranged in the mobile station 13, the other end of the connecting hose 28 is communicated with the air charging cavity 29, a supporting plate 45 is fixedly connected in the portal frame 2 and guides the connecting hose 28, a piston plate 30 is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the air charging cavity 29, the bottom of the piston plate 30 is fixedly connected with a tension spring 31, the bottom end of the tension spring 31 is fixedly connected with the bottom inner wall of the inflation cavity 29, a rack 32 is fixed at the top of the piston plate 30 through a bolt, a base 33 is welded at the top of the moving table 13, a rotating shaft 34 is penetrated through the base 33 in a rotating way, a third gear 37 is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft 34, the third gear 37 is meshed with the toothed ring 18, a one-way bearing 35 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34, a second gear 36 is fixed on the outer wall of the one-way bearing 35, the second gear 36 is meshed with the rack 32, when the forging head 4 moves downwards to strike the upper die 7, the forging head 4 strikes the lifting plate 25 at first, the lifting plate 25 presses air in the round sleeve 24, the air in the round sleeve 24 is injected into the inflation cavity 29 through a connecting hose 28, the air pushes the piston plate 30 and the rack 32 to move upwards, the rotating shaft 34 is driven by the rack 32 through the second gear 36 and the one-way bearing 35, at this time, the one-way bearing 35 and the rotating shaft 34 are in a locking state, and the rotating shaft 34 drives the overturning forging structure through the third gear 37.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 3 and fig. 4, this equipment is still including setting up the structure of tailorring at forging stage 5 top for cut out into appointed length to the axle forging that forges the completion, cut out the structure and include two fixing bases 41 of fixed connection at forging stage 5 top, the top of two fixing bases 41 all welds dead lever 42, the outer wall slip cap of two dead levers 42 is equipped with same cutter 43, and one side sliding connection of cutter 43 and one side of last mould 7, the outer wall of dead lever 42 overlaps and is equipped with the second spring 44 with fixing base 41 top fixed connection, and the top of second spring 44 and the bottom fixed connection of cutter 43, the top of platform 1 is fixed with second pneumatic cylinder 40 through the bolt, and the output shaft of second pneumatic cylinder 40 and one side fixed connection of forging stage 5, start second pneumatic cylinder 40, the output shaft of second pneumatic cylinder 40 drives stage 5 to slide to the right side, and until cutter stage 5 receives the spacing of stopper, and cutter 43 is in at this moment under forging head 4, then forge head 4 repeatedly and strike lifter plate 25 and cutter 43 again, one end that can forge the forging piece is cut out, lifter plate one end, and lifter plate top and second spring 44 are fixed connection, the top is fixed connection with the bottom of cutter 43, the top is fixed length is cut out to the axle forging stage 14 because of the rotation of forging stage is fixed to the rotation of the axle forging stage 5, and the axial forging stage is moved, and the fixed position is fixed for the forging stage is moved.
Referring to fig. 6 and 8, an annular electromagnet 20 is fixedly embedded on one side of the moving table 13, which is close to the second substrate 12, an annular magnet 22 is arranged on one side of the first gear 21, which is close to the moving table 13, and the annular magnet 22 is matched with the annular electromagnet 20, a limiting ring 23 limiting the first gear 21 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating tube 19, the magnetism of the annular electromagnet 20 can be changed by changing the anode and the cathode of the annular electromagnet 20, when magnetic attraction force is generated between the annular electromagnet 20 and the first gear 21, the first gear 21 is meshed with the toothed ring 18, further forging can be performed on different surfaces and different distances of the shaft forging, when magnetic repulsion force is generated between the annular electromagnet 20 and the first gear 21, the first gear 21 is disengaged from the toothed ring 18, and the rotating ring 14 drives the shaft forging to turn over, so that the shaft forging can be conveniently cut later and can be used for forging steps.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 9, the improvement is based on example 1: the two sides of the upper die 7 are respectively welded with a first connecting frame 46 and a second connecting frame 47, a forging cross rod 48 penetrates through the upper die 7, one end of the forging cross rod 48 extends into the first connecting frame 46, the other end of the forging cross rod 48 penetrates through the second connecting frame 47, a nut 49 limiting the forging cross rod 48 is connected with the second connecting frame 47 in an internal thread mode, when a step is required to be forged on a shaft forging piece, the forging cross rod 48 is inserted into the upper die 7, the forging cross rod 48 is limited through the first connecting frame 46, the second connecting frame 47 and the nut 49, then the meshing between the first gear 21 and the toothed ring 18 is relieved through repulsive force between the annular electromagnet 20 and the annular magnet 22, a groove is formed on the outer wall of the shaft forging piece along with the continuous knocking of the lifting plate 25 and the upper die 7 by the forging head 4, and then a magnetic attraction force is generated between the annular electromagnet 20 and the annular magnet 22, so that the first gear 21 and the toothed ring 18 are meshed again, the step is continuously forged on the shaft forging piece part by taking the groove as a limit, and the step is further forged on the shaft forging piece, and the lower die 6 and the upper die 7 with different diameters can be replaced.
A method of forging a shaft forging, comprising the steps of:
s1, clamping a shaft forging through the cooperation of an electric push rod 15 and an arc clamping plate 16, then placing the shaft forging between a lower die 6 and an upper die 7, starting a first hydraulic cylinder 3, pushing a forging head 4 to move downwards by the first hydraulic cylinder 3, knocking and forging the upper die 7 by the forging head 4 through knocking a lifting plate 25 and a round sleeve 24, and forging the shaft forging in the upper die through the cooperation of the lower die 6 and the upper die 7, so that the shaft forging is relatively round;
s2, when the forging head 4 knocks the lifting plate 25, the lifting plate 25 extrudes air in the round sleeve 24, the air in the round sleeve 24 is injected into the air filling cavity 29 through the connecting hose 28, the air pushes the piston plate 30 and the rack 32 to move upwards, the rack 32 drives the rotating shaft 34 to rotate through the second gear 36 and the one-way bearing 35, at the moment, the one-way bearing 35 and the rotating shaft 34 are in a locking state, the rotating shaft 34 drives the toothed ring 18 and the rotating ring 14 to rotate through the third gear 37, and then the shaft forging can be driven to overturn for a certain angle, and when the shaft forging is overturned, the shaft forging pushes the upper die 7 upwards for a certain distance due to the fact that the shape of the shaft forging is not round enough, so that other surfaces of the shaft forging can be forged in later period;
s4, when the toothed ring 18 drives the shaft forging to rotate, the toothed ring 18 drives the reciprocating screw 11 to rotate through the first gear 21, at the moment, the reciprocating screw 11 drives the moving table 13 to move, the moving table 13 drives the shaft forging to move for a small distance, in addition, in the process of forging the shaft forging, the shaft forging is extruded, and the length of the shaft forging can be prolonged, so that different surfaces of the shaft forging can be forged at different distances along with the knocking of the upper die 7 by the forging head 4, and further, the shaft forging can be effectively forged;
s5, when the shaft forging needs to be cut, rotating the rotating rod 38 to enable the rotating rod 38 to be in a horizontal state, rotating the reciprocating screw 11 to drive the moving table 13 to move to the right until the toothed ring 18 contacts the pressure sensor 39, switching on opposite currents to the annular electromagnet 20 at the moment, generating repulsive force between the annular electromagnet 20 and the annular magnet 22, disengaging the first gear 21 and the toothed ring 18, starting the second hydraulic cylinder 40, enabling an output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder 40 to drive the forging table 5 to slide to the right side until the forging table 5 is limited by the limiting block, enabling the cutter 43 to be located right below the forging head 4, repeatedly knocking the lifting plate 25 and the cutter 43 again by the forging head 4, enabling the cutter 43 to cut one end of the shaft forging, enabling the lifting plate 25 to control the rotating ring 14 and the shaft forging to turn over, enabling the cutter 43 to cut the rotating shaft forging, and enabling the position of the rotating rod 38 to be fixed by the moving position of the rotating rod 38 and the forging table 5, limiting the toothed ring 18, enabling the position of the table 5 to be fixed relative to the cutter 43, and enabling the length of each cut shaft forging to be fixed under the cooperation of the forging table 5 and the rotating rod 38;
s6, when a step is required to be forged on the shaft forging, the forging cross rod 48 is inserted into the upper die 7 (the other shaft forging equipment of the lower die 6 and the upper die 7 with different diameters), the forging cross rod 48 is limited by the first connecting frame 46, the second connecting frame 47 and the nut 49, then the meshing between the first gear 21 and the toothed ring 18 is relieved through repulsive force between the annular electromagnet 20 and the annular magnet 22, the forging cross rod 48 forms a groove on the outer wall of the shaft forging along with the continuous knocking of the lifting plate 25 and the upper die 7 by the forging head 4, then magnetic attraction is generated between the annular electromagnet 20 and the annular magnet 22, the first gear 21 is meshed with the toothed ring 18 again, so that the shaft forging part is gradually forged continuously by the groove, the step is further forged on the shaft forging part, and the lower die 6 and the upper die 7 with different diameters can be replaced, so that the shaft forging with different diameters is forged.
The shaft forging of the present embodiment is forged by the forging method described above (the shaft forging 50 shown in fig. 10 may be used).
However, as well known to those skilled in the art, the working principles and wiring methods of the first hydraulic cylinder 3, the second hydraulic cylinder 40, the electric push rod 15, the ring electromagnet 20 and the pressure sensor 39 are well known, which are all conventional means or common general knowledge, and will not be described herein in detail, and any choice can be made by those skilled in the art according to their needs or convenience.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a shaft forging equipment, includes platform (1), its characterized in that, there is forging platform (5) at the top of platform (1) through slide rail sliding connection, the both ends of slide rail all are equipped with the stopper, the top of forging platform (5) can be dismantled through the bolt and have bed die (6), the top of bed die (6) is equipped with mould (7), the bottom both sides of mould (7) all weld a plurality of slide bars (8), and the bottom slip of slide bar (8) extends to in bed die (6), the top welding of platform (1) has portal frame (2), the top inner wall of portal frame (2) is fixed with first pneumatic cylinder (3) through the bolt, the output shaft of first pneumatic cylinder (3) is fixed with forging head (4) through the bolt;
the overturning forging structure is arranged at the top of the platform (1) and is used for forging different surfaces and different distances of the shaft forging;
the driving structure is arranged at the top of the upper die (7) and is used for driving the overturning forging structure when the first hydraulic cylinder (3) knocks the upper die (7);
the cutting structure is arranged at the top of the forging table (5) and is used for cutting the forged shaft forging into specified lengths;
the turnover forging structure comprises a moving table (13) which is slidingly connected to the top of a platform (1), a reciprocating screw (11) which is in threaded connection with the moving table (13) is rotationally connected to the top of the platform (1), a first base plate (10) and a second base plate (12) are rotationally connected to two ends of the reciprocating screw (11) respectively, a sliding groove (9) which is slidingly matched with the first base plate (10) is formed in one side of the forging table (5), the second base plate (12) is fixed to the top of the platform (1), a rotating ring (14) is rotationally penetrated in the moving table (13), a toothed ring (18) is fixedly arranged on one side, far away from the forging table (5), of the rotating ring (14) through a bolt, a rotating pipe (19) is rotationally connected to one side of the reciprocating screw (11) through a sliding block and a sliding groove, a first gear (21) is slidingly connected to one side of the rotating pipe (19) through the sliding block and the sliding groove, and the first gear (21) is meshed with the toothed ring (18);
the driving structure comprises a round sleeve (24) fixed at the top of an upper die (7) through bolts, a plurality of first springs (26) are fixed on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve (24), a lifting plate (25) is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the round sleeve (24), the bottom of the lifting plate (25) is fixedly connected with the top end of the first springs (26), a plurality of supporting blocks (27) for limiting the lifting plate (25) are welded on the inner wall of the bottom of the round sleeve (24), a connecting hose (28) communicated with the lifting plate (25) is arranged on one side of the round sleeve (24), an air charging cavity (29) is arranged in a moving table (13), the other end of the connecting hose (28) is communicated with the air charging cavity (29), a supporting plate (45) is fixedly connected in the portal frame (2), the supporting plate (45) guides the connecting hose (28), a piston plate (30) is connected in a sealing sliding manner in the air charging cavity (29), a piston plate (31) is fixedly connected with the bottom of a tension spring, the bottom end of the piston plate (30) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (33) and the bottom of the tension spring (31) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the air charging cavity (29), a rotating shaft (33) through bolts (33) and the rotating shaft (33) is fixedly connected with the top of the rotating table (33), a third gear (37) is fixed at one end of the rotating shaft (34), the third gear (37) is meshed with the toothed ring (18), a one-way bearing (35) is sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (34), a second gear (36) is fixed on the outer wall of the one-way bearing (35), and the second gear (36) is meshed with the rack (32);
the cutting structure comprises two fixing seats (41) fixedly connected to the top of a forging table (5), fixing rods (42) are welded to the tops of the two fixing seats (41), one cutter (43) is sleeved on the outer wall of each fixing rod (42) in a sliding mode, one side of each cutter (43) is connected with one side of an upper die (7) in a sliding mode, a second spring (44) fixedly connected with the top of each fixing seat (41) is sleeved on the outer wall of each fixing rod (42), the top of each second spring (44) is fixedly connected with the bottom of each cutter (43), a second hydraulic cylinder (40) is fixed to the top of the platform (1) through bolts, and an output shaft of each second hydraulic cylinder (40) is fixedly connected with one side of the forging table (5);
a plurality of electric push rods (15) are fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring (14) through bolts, arc clamping plates (16) are fixed at one ends of output shafts of the electric push rods (15), and limiting rods (17) for limiting shaft forgings are fixed in the rotating ring (14) through bolts;
annular electromagnet (20) is fixedly embedded in one side, close to the second substrate (12), of the moving table (13), annular magnet (22) is arranged in one side, close to the moving table (13), of the first gear (21), the annular magnet (22) is matched with the annular electromagnet (20), and a limiting ring (23) limiting the first gear (21) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating tube (19).
2. The shaft forging apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein a rotating rod (38) is rotatably connected to a top of the second base plate (12), and a pressure sensor (39) is fixedly connected to a top end of the rotating rod (38).
3. The shaft forging device according to claim 2, wherein a first connecting frame (46) and a second connecting frame (47) are welded on two sides of the upper die (7) respectively, a forging cross rod (48) penetrates through the upper die (7), one end of the forging cross rod (48) extends into the first connecting frame (46), the other end of the forging cross rod (48) penetrates through the second connecting frame (47), and a nut (49) limiting the forging cross rod (48) is connected with the second connecting frame (47) in an internal thread mode.
4. A forging method of a shaft forging apparatus according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, clamping a shaft forging through the cooperation of an electric push rod (15) and an arc clamping plate (16), then placing the shaft forging between a lower die (6) and an upper die (7), starting a first hydraulic cylinder (3), pushing a forging head (4) to move downwards by the first hydraulic cylinder (3), and knocking and forging the upper die (7) through a knocking lifting plate (25) and a round sleeve (24) by the forging head (4), wherein the shaft forging in the shaft forging can be forged through the cooperation of the lower die (6) and the upper die (7);
s2, when the forging head (4) knocks the lifting plate (25), the lifting plate (25) extrudes air in the round sleeve (24), the air in the round sleeve (24) is injected into the air filling cavity (29) through the connecting hose (28), the air pushes the piston plate (30) and the rack (32) to move upwards, the rack (32) drives the rotating shaft (34) to rotate through the second gear (36) and the one-way bearing (35), at the moment, the one-way bearing (35) and the rotating shaft (34) are in a locking state, the rotating shaft (34) drives the toothed ring (18) and the rotating ring (14) to rotate through the third gear (37), so that the shaft forging can be driven to overturn for a certain angle, and the shaft forging is not round enough in shape, so that the shaft forging pushes the upper die (7) upwards for a certain distance;
s4, when the toothed ring (18) drives the shaft forging to rotate, the toothed ring (18) drives the reciprocating screw (11) to rotate through the first gear (21), at the moment, the reciprocating screw (11) drives the moving table (13) to move, the moving table (13) drives the shaft forging to move for a small distance, in addition, in the process of forging the shaft forging, the shaft forging is extruded, and the length of the shaft forging can be prolonged;
s5, when the shaft forging needs to be cut, rotating the rotating rod (38), enabling the rotating rod (38) to be in a horizontal state, enabling the reciprocating screw (11) to rotate to drive the moving table (13) to move to the right side until the toothed ring (18) touches the pressure sensor (39), switching on opposite currents to the annular electromagnet (20), generating repulsive force between the annular electromagnet (20) and the annular magnet (22), enabling the first gear (21) to be disengaged from the toothed ring (18), starting the second hydraulic cylinder (40), enabling an output shaft of the second hydraulic cylinder (40) to drive the forging table (5) to slide to the right side until the forging table (5) is limited by the limiting block, enabling the cutter (43) to be located right below the forging head (4), enabling the forging head (4) to repeatedly strike the lifting plate (25) and the cutter (43) again, enabling lifting of the lifting plate (25) to control the rotating ring (14) and the shaft forging to be overturned, enabling the rotating shaft forging to be cut, enabling the rotating rod (38) and the position of the forging table (18) to be fixed relative to the forging table (18), the cutting length of the shaft forging piece is fixed each time under the cooperation of the forging table (5) and the rotating rod (38);
s6, when a step is required to be forged on the shaft forging, the forging cross rod (48) is inserted into the upper die (7), the forging cross rod (48) is limited through the first connecting frame (46), the second connecting frame (47) and the nut (49), then the meshing between the first gear (21) and the toothed ring (18) is relieved through repulsive force between the annular electromagnet (20) and the annular magnet (22), the forging cross rod (48) forms a groove on the outer wall of the shaft forging along with the continuous knocking of the lifting plate (25) and the upper die (7) by the forging head (4), then magnetic attraction is generated between the annular electromagnet (20) and the annular magnet (22), and the first gear (21) is meshed with the toothed ring (18) again, so that the shaft forging part is continuously forged with the limitation of the groove, and the step is further forged on the shaft forging part.
5. A shaft forging comprising the shaft forging produced by the forging method of claim 4.
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| CN118180314B (en) * | 2024-05-16 | 2024-07-12 | 山西东皇风电法兰制造有限公司 | Clamping and rotating device for processing material forgings and using method |
| CN118180312B (en) * | 2024-05-20 | 2024-09-10 | 溧阳市金昆锻压有限公司 | Forging equipment and forging method for copper piece |
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