CN117366647A - Solar heat collection heating system - Google Patents
Solar heat collection heating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117366647A CN117366647A CN202311284361.9A CN202311284361A CN117366647A CN 117366647 A CN117366647 A CN 117366647A CN 202311284361 A CN202311284361 A CN 202311284361A CN 117366647 A CN117366647 A CN 117366647A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/72—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with hemispherical reflective surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar heat collection heating system, which comprises a solar heat collection device positioned outdoors and a heat dissipation device positioned indoors, and is characterized in that: the solar heat collection device comprises a focusing reflecting mirror, the whole focusing reflecting mirror is in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collection ball is arranged at a focusing position above the focusing reflecting mirror, the outer surface of the heat collection ball is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the heat collector, a heat collection ball inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet protruding upwards from the evaporation cavity is arranged at the lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet is communicated with a heat dissipation device inlet, the heat dissipation device outlet is communicated with the heat collection ball inlet through a backflow pipeline to form a phase change material circulation system, and a gas-liquid phase change material is arranged in the phase change material circulation system. The invention can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature and supplement heat load requirements of buildings, and has the advantages of simple implementation, stability, reliability and high heat conversion utilization efficiency.
Description
The application is a divisional application of patent application number 202210934387.2 and application date 2022-8-4, which is a solar heat collection heating method.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a solar heat collection heating system.
Background
The building roof is used as a fifth elevation of a building, the area of the building roof is increased along with the increase of the building area along with the continuous development of the city, the area of the building roof in the city accounts for about 25 percent of the total area of the city, and meanwhile, the roof is the most direct part of the building which receives solar radiation, the building roof resource is fully utilized to develop distributed photovoltaic, and the multi-element utilization of solar energy resource is realized, so that the building roof is one of the technical means of building energy conservation and carbon reduction.
Regarding the utilization of building roof solar energy resource, at present, most of the solar collectors are arranged to supply domestic hot water and the photovoltaic array is arranged to generate power, but the guarantee rate of heating by utilizing the solar collectors is lower, the indoor pipeline system is complex, the photovoltaic array is arranged to generate power under the limitation of photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the practical heat conversion utilization efficiency is lower. For the part of cold areas in the north part or mountain area of China, the temperature difference between the morning and evening is large, the temperature can be lower than zero ℃ at night, but the temperature of the outdoor direct solar radiation area in the noon in sunny days can reach twenty-thirty ℃. In such cold areas, the prior art generally can only utilize solar energy to increase indoor temperature by means of windowing ventilation, roof setting with tiles and the like, and the solar energy utilization effect is poor. Therefore, if a scheme capable of better utilizing outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature can be designed, the method has great significance for solar energy utilization, energy conservation and emission reduction in cold areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: how to provide a solar heat collection heating method and a solar heat collection heating system thereof which can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature, supplement building heat load demands and improve solar heat conversion utilization efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar heat collection heating method is characterized in that a focusing reflection mode is adopted outdoors, solar light is utilized to focus and reflect heating liquid phase change materials to gasify the liquid phase change materials, the gasified phase change materials are directly conveyed to indoor liquefaction for heat release, and then the indoor liquefied phase change materials are conveyed to the outdoors again for solar light reflection heating gasification, so that circulation conversion is achieved to indoor heating.
Compared with the solar energy utilization mode which needs to convert hot water or electric energy into energy in the prior art, the method reduces conversion steps, greatly improves solar energy utilization efficiency, can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature, is particularly suitable for being used in cold areas, can better regulate indoor temperature, supplements indoor thermal load requirements, and improves energy conservation and emission reduction effects.
The solar heat collection heating system comprises a solar heat collection device positioned outdoors and a heat dissipation device positioned indoors, wherein the solar heat collection device comprises a focusing reflecting mirror, the whole focusing reflecting mirror is in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collection ball is arranged at a focusing position above the focusing reflecting mirror, the outer surface of the heat collection ball is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the heat collection device, a heat collection ball inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet protruding upwards in the evaporation cavity is arranged at the lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet is communicated with an inlet of the heat dissipation device, the outlet of the heat dissipation device is communicated with the inlet of the heat collection ball through a backflow pipeline to form a phase change material circulation system, and a gas-liquid phase change material is arranged in the phase change material circulation system.
Therefore, the solar heat collection heating system is used for warming the sunny day indoor in the cold region, and can be used only when the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material is higher than the indoor temperature in the working period and lower than the temperature at the focusing position of the focusing reflecting mirror. When the heat-dissipating device works, the liquid phase-change material flows along with the phase-change material circulating system, enters into the evaporating cavity of the heat-collecting ball from the heat-collecting ball inlet, is heated by concentrated irradiation of sunlight reflected by the focusing reflector, is gasified, and then passes through the roof from the heat-collecting ball outlet at the lower end along with the connecting pipeline downwards after being gasified, and enters into the heat-dissipating device. The heat radiator is located in house, the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the phase change material is liquefied again and flows back to the upper part of the heat collecting ball through the return pipeline, and therefore circulating flow is formed. Through the gasification and liquefaction conversion of the phase change material at different positions, solar heat is directly absorbed and released into a room, and intermediate transduction links such as electric energy conversion or hot water conversion are omitted; therefore, the heat conversion utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient implementation, stability, reliability, high heat conversion utilization efficiency and the like.
Further, the periphery of the focusing reflector is obliquely provided with a supporting rod and a heat collecting ball which are fixedly connected.
Thus, the heat collecting ball is supported and fixed conveniently.
Further, the outlet of the heat collecting ball is connected with the inlet of the heat dissipating device through the focusing reflector and the roof by a connecting pipe which is vertically arranged, and an insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
Thus, the phase change material can be more conveniently reflowed, and the heat insulation can be realized at the same time so as to improve the heat conversion efficiency.
Further, the focusing reflector comprises a reflector shell which is integrally in a spherical crown shape, a plurality of lenses which are similar to a fan shape are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and a positioning lantern ring is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each lens along the edge of the reflector shell.
Thus facilitating the production, installation and fixation of the lens.
Further, a drainage groove is formed between the lenses at intervals, and a drainage hole is formed in the drainage groove.
Thus facilitating the drainage of rainwater and avoiding water collection. In practice, the drain hole is preferably arranged at the lower part of the drain groove, so that water can be drained better.
Further, the whole heat dissipating device is in a box shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and a heat radiating plate made of metal is arranged on the lower bottom surface.
In this way, the heat sink better radiates heat into the chamber through the heat radiating plate, causing the gaseous phase change material in the cavity to re-liquefy.
Further, a lower liquid storage tank positioned below the heat dissipating device in an inclined mode and an upper liquid storage tank positioned above the heat collecting ball are further arranged on the backflow pipeline, the lowest end of the inner cavity of the heat dissipating device is communicated with the lower liquid storage tank through the backflow pipeline, and a backflow pump is arranged on the backflow pipeline between the lower liquid storage tank and the upper liquid storage tank.
In this way, flow, storage, transport and reflux control of the liquid phase change material may be better achieved. In the implementation, a liquid level detection sensor can be further arranged in the upper liquid storage tank and connected with the reflux pump. When the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank is detected to be lower than the preset height, the reflux pump is started to pump the liquid phase change material stored in the lower liquid storage tank to the upper liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank can flow downwards into the heat collection ball to be gasified by means of dead weight, so that the control is more convenient. When the liquid phase change material is implemented, the upper end of the upper liquid storage tank is provided with the ventilation pipeline which is communicated with the atmosphere, so that the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank can be more conveniently controlled to flow downwards by means of dead weight. In addition, the reflux pump can be connected with a storage battery in the implementation, and the storage battery is connected with a solar panel or a wind driven generator arranged outdoors. Thus, solar energy or wind energy can be used as energy for backflow of the liquid phase change material. And an external power supply is not needed, so that energy conservation and emission reduction are better realized.
Further, a photosensitive electric valve is also arranged on the pipeline connected above the heat collection ball.
Like this, photosensitive electrically operated valve sets up between heat collecting ball and last liquid reserve tank, relies on photosensitive electrically operated valve to detect outdoor illumination intensity and carries out automatic control to the pipeline flow of heat collecting ball top, and automatic increase flow when illumination is strong, the flow is reduced when illumination is weak, closes the flow when not illumination, makes the flow of the liquid phase change material that gets into heat collecting ball can be better and the corresponding matching of illumination heat absorption evaporation capacity in the heat collecting ball inner chamber. The structure of the photosensitive electric valve comprises a photosensitive sensor part exposed to air and an electric control valve part positioned on a pipeline, and the specific structure is the existing product and is not described in detail herein.
Further, a baffle plate is arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle plate and the inlet of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball; the evaporation cavity inner wall is provided with a liquid suction core which is made of porous foaming materials and the upper end of which is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
Therefore, the liquid phase change material firstly enters the liquid storage cavity from the heat collection ball inlet, then uniformly flows downwards into the liquid absorption core along the peripheral liquid storage cavity outlet, and the liquid absorption core is made of porous foaming material, so that the liquid phase change material can be well absorbed and evaporated to be converted into a gaseous state after being heated, and the liquid-gas conversion efficiency is greatly improved. The phase change material converted into the gas state can not flow upwards due to the isolation of the baffle and the liquid absorption core, and the pressure is difficult to be transmitted to the liquid phase change material above, so that the phase change material can flow downwards under the action of air pressure, enters a heat dissipation device in a room below for reliquefaction, and further the circulating flow of the phase change material is realized. The invention also discloses a phase change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion, which comprises a shell, wherein the outer surface of the shell is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the shell, the upper end of the shell is provided with a shell inlet, the lower end of the shell is provided with a shell outlet protruding upwards from the evaporation cavity, a baffle plate is also arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle plate and the shell inlet, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the shell; the evaporation cavity inner wall is provided with a liquid suction core which is made of porous foaming materials and the upper end of which is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. In this application specifically, the casing is the structure of heat collection ball shell promptly, and the casing is circular promptly and can conveniently concentrate the heating. The phase change material conversion device can skillfully realize the flow of the phase change material from top to bottom while realizing the conversion of the phase change material from liquid state to gas state, and can be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limiting requirements besides the application in the solar heat collection heating system.
Further, an infiltration membrane capable of allowing the liquid phase change material to pass through is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
Therefore, the infiltration membrane can avoid pollution caused by impurities entering the liquid storage cavity into the liquid suction core, and the gasification effect of the liquid suction core is ensured to be stable and reliable. Meanwhile, after the infiltration membrane is soaked by the liquid phase change material, the gas can be better shielded from entering the liquid storage cavity upwards.
Further, the outer end of the percolation film is inclined outwards and upwards.
Therefore, the open width at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity can be reduced by increasing the area of the infiltration membrane, so that the liquid outlet effect of the liquid storage cavity is not influenced while the space of the evaporation cavity is enlarged as much as possible; when the heat-collecting ball is implemented, the outlet position of the liquid storage cavity is the narrowest position of the inner cavity width of the liquid storage cavity (namely the width between the inner wall of the heat-collecting ball and the baffle plate), so that the heat-collecting ball better highlights the effect. Meanwhile, due to the structural mode that the percolation film is obliquely arranged, a liquid suction core area with high liquid content is formed in a space clamped between the inner end position of the percolation film and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball and the lower side of the percolation film, and the liquid suction core in the area cannot directly contact with the evaporation cavity and is high in liquid content, so that gas can be prevented from entering the liquid storage cavity after being heated and expanded, and the gas shielding effect of the percolation film is greatly improved.
Further, the pore density of the junction of the wick at the top and the outlet of the reservoir is greater than the pore density of the lower portion.
Therefore, the density of the lower pore space is small, the pores are larger, the liquid phase change material is easier to gasify, the density of the upper pore space is large, the pores are small, and the gas can be better shielded from entering the liquid storage cavity upwards.
Further, the surface of the wick on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber is provided with a plurality of groove structures.
Thus, the surface area of the liquid suction core can be greatly increased, and the gasification efficiency of the liquid phase change material is improved. Meanwhile, the structure can enable the liquid suction core to be better adapted to the change of thermal expansion and cold contraction, and the stability of the structure is guaranteed.
Further, an opening area is arranged in the middle of the baffle plate, and an elastic membrane is hermetically arranged in the opening area.
Therefore, when the sun light is strong and the air pressure in the evaporation cavity is high, the pressure can be applied to the liquid storage cavity above through the elastic membrane, so that the liquid phase change material in the liquid storage cavity can be better extruded from the outlet of the liquid storage cavity, and the air in the evaporator is not pressed into the liquid storage cavity from the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. Therefore, the liquid outlet efficiency of the liquid storage cavity is improved to be correspondingly matched with the gasification efficiency in the evaporation cavity. The heat exchange efficiency is better improved. Further, a downward one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline above the heat collecting ball inlet. Better ensure that the sun shines strongly, when the internal air pressure of evaporating chamber rises, can extrude liquid phase change material downwards through the elastic membrane effect to stock solution chamber.
Further, the height of the outlet of the heat collecting ball exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is arranged at the position exceeding part of the outlet, and the liquid phase change material detection sensor is connected with an electric control valve in a related control way and arranged on a pipeline above the inlet of the heat collecting ball.
Therefore, after the liquid phase change material detection sensor detects that the liquid phase change material exists, the electric control valve above the liquid phase change material detection sensor can be controlled to be closed, so that the fact that the liquid phase change material which is not vaporized in the evaporation cavity can not exceed the heat collection ball outlet and flows out of the heat collection ball outlet under the condition of abrupt weather changes can be guaranteed, and the smoothness of the whole phase change material circulation system is guaranteed.
Further, a heat absorbing material is smeared on the heating surface at the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball. This allows better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat into the wick.
In summary, the invention can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature and supplement building heat load requirements, has the advantages of simple implementation, stability, reliability and high heat conversion and utilization efficiency, and realizes the maximum utilization of solar energy resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar heat collection heating system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the mirror surface portion of the individual focusing mirror in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat collecting ball of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a single segment of the wick of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Embodiments are described below: a solar heat collection heating method is characterized in that a focusing reflection mode is adopted outdoors, solar light is utilized to focus and reflect heating liquid phase change materials to gasify the liquid phase change materials, the gasified phase change materials are directly conveyed to indoor liquefaction for heat release, and then the indoor liquefied phase change materials are conveyed to the outdoors again for solar light reflection heating gasification, so that circulation conversion is achieved to indoor heating.
Compared with the solar energy utilization mode in which the energy is converted through hot water or electric energy in the prior art, the conversion step is introduced, the solar energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved, the outdoor solar energy can be better utilized to improve the indoor temperature, the method is particularly suitable for being used in cold areas, the indoor temperature can be better regulated, the indoor thermal load requirement is supplemented, and the energy saving and emission reduction effects are improved.
In this embodiment, the method is implemented by a solar heat collection heating system, see fig. 1-4, which includes a solar heat collection device located outdoors and a heat dissipation device 6 located indoors, the solar heat collection device includes a focusing mirror 1, the focusing mirror 1 is in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collection ball 2 is disposed at a focusing position above the focusing mirror, the outer surface of the heat collection ball 2 is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity 3 is disposed inside the heat collection device, a heat collection ball inlet 4 is disposed at the upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet 5 protruding upwards from the evaporation cavity is disposed at the lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet 5 is communicated with the heat dissipation device 6 inlet, the heat dissipation device 6 outlet is communicated with the heat collection ball inlet 4 through a return pipe 7 to form a phase change material circulation system, and a gas-liquid phase change material is disposed in the phase change material circulation system.
Therefore, the solar heat collection heating system is used for warming the sunny day indoor in the cold region, and can be used only when the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material is higher than the indoor temperature in the working period and lower than the temperature at the focusing position of the focusing reflecting mirror. When the heat-dissipating device works, the liquid phase-change material flows along with the phase-change material circulating system, enters into the evaporating cavity of the heat-collecting ball from the heat-collecting ball inlet, is heated by concentrated irradiation of sunlight reflected by the focusing reflector, is gasified, and then passes through the roof from the heat-collecting ball outlet at the lower end along with the connecting pipeline downwards after being gasified, and enters into the heat-dissipating device. The heat radiator is located in house, the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the phase change material is liquefied again and flows back to the upper part of the heat collecting ball through the return pipeline, and therefore circulating flow is formed. Through the gasification and liquefaction conversion of the phase change material at different positions, solar heat is directly absorbed and released into a room, and intermediate transduction links such as electric energy conversion or hot water conversion are omitted; therefore, the heat conversion utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient implementation, stability, reliability, high heat conversion utilization efficiency and the like.
Wherein, the periphery of the focusing reflector 1 is obliquely provided with a supporting rod 8 and a heat collecting ball 2 which are fixedly connected.
Thus, the heat collecting ball is supported and fixed conveniently.
Wherein, the heat collecting ball outlet 5 passes through the focusing reflector 1 and the roof 10 through the connecting pipe 9 arranged vertically and is connected with the inlet of the heat dissipating device 6, and an insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
Thus, the phase change material can be more conveniently reflowed, and the heat insulation can be realized at the same time so as to improve the heat conversion efficiency.
The focusing reflector 1 comprises a reflector shell which is integrally spherical crown-shaped, a plurality of fan-shaped lenses 11 are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and a positioning lantern ring is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each lens 11 along the edge of the reflector shell.
Thus facilitating the production, installation and fixation of the lens.
Wherein, the lenses 11 are separated by a water draining groove 12, and a water draining hole 13 is arranged in the water draining groove 12.
Thus facilitating the drainage of rainwater and avoiding water collection. In practice, the drain hole is preferably arranged at the lower part of the drain groove, so that water can be drained better.
The heat sink 6 is in a box shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and a heat radiation plate made of metal is arranged on the lower bottom surface.
In this way, the heat sink better radiates heat into the chamber through the heat radiating plate, causing the gaseous phase change material in the cavity to re-liquefy.
Wherein, the reflux pipeline 7 is also provided with a lower liquid storage tank 14 positioned below the heat radiator obliquely and an upper liquid storage tank 15 positioned above the heat collecting ball, the lowest end of the inner cavity of the heat radiator 6 is communicated with the lower liquid storage tank 14 by virtue of the reflux pipeline, and a reflux pump 16 is arranged on the reflux pipeline between the lower liquid storage tank 14 and the upper liquid storage tank 15.
In this way, flow, storage, transport and reflux control of the liquid phase change material may be better achieved. In the implementation, a liquid level detection sensor can be further arranged in the upper liquid storage tank and connected with the reflux pump. When the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank is detected to be lower than the preset height, the reflux pump is started to pump the liquid phase change material stored in the lower liquid storage tank to the upper liquid storage tank, and the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank can flow downwards into the heat collection ball to be gasified by means of dead weight, so that the control is more convenient. When the liquid phase change material is implemented, the upper end of the upper liquid storage tank is provided with the ventilation pipeline which is communicated with the atmosphere, so that the liquid phase change material in the upper liquid storage tank can be more conveniently controlled to flow downwards by means of dead weight. In addition, the reflux pump can be connected with a storage battery in the implementation, and the storage battery is connected with a solar panel or a wind driven generator arranged outdoors. Thus, solar energy or wind energy can be used as energy for backflow of the liquid phase change material. And an external power supply is not needed, so that energy conservation and emission reduction are better realized.
Wherein, the pipeline connected above the heat collecting ball 2 is also provided with a photosensitive electric valve 17.
Like this, photosensitive electrically operated valve sets up between heat collecting ball and last liquid reserve tank, relies on photosensitive electrically operated valve to detect outdoor illumination intensity and carries out automatic control to the pipeline flow of heat collecting ball top, and automatic increase flow when illumination is strong, the flow is reduced when illumination is weak, closes the flow when not illumination, makes the flow of the liquid phase change material that gets into heat collecting ball can be better and the corresponding matching of illumination heat absorption evaporation capacity in the heat collecting ball inner chamber. The structure of the photosensitive electric valve comprises a photosensitive sensor part exposed to air and an electric control valve part positioned on a pipeline, and the specific structure is the existing product and is not described in detail herein.
The upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball is also provided with a baffle plate 18, a liquid storage cavity 19 is formed between the upper part of the baffle plate 18 and the inlet of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle plate 18 and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball, and an evaporation cavity 3 is formed between the lower part of the baffle plate 18 and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity 3 is provided with a liquid suction core 20, the liquid suction core 20 is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid suction core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
Therefore, the liquid phase change material firstly enters the liquid storage cavity from the heat collection ball inlet, then uniformly flows downwards into the liquid absorption core along the peripheral liquid storage cavity outlet, and the liquid absorption core is made of porous foaming material, so that the liquid phase change material can be well absorbed and evaporated to be converted into a gaseous state after being heated, and the liquid-gas conversion efficiency is greatly improved. The phase change material converted into the gas state can not flow upwards due to the isolation of the baffle and the liquid absorption core, and the pressure is difficult to be transmitted to the liquid phase change material above, so that the phase change material can flow downwards under the action of air pressure, enters a heat dissipation device in a room below for reliquefaction, and further the circulating flow of the phase change material is realized. The invention also discloses a phase change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion, which comprises a shell, wherein the outer surface of the shell is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the shell, the upper end of the shell is provided with a shell inlet, the lower end of the shell is provided with a shell outlet protruding upwards from the evaporation cavity, a baffle plate is also arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle plate and the shell inlet, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle plate and the inner wall of the shell; the evaporation cavity inner wall is provided with a liquid suction core which is made of porous foaming materials and the upper end of which is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. In this application specifically, the casing is the structure of heat collection ball shell promptly, and the casing is circular promptly and can conveniently concentrate the heating. The phase change material conversion device can skillfully realize the flow of the phase change material from top to bottom while realizing the conversion of the phase change material from liquid state to gas state, and can be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limiting requirements besides the application in the solar heat collection heating system.
Wherein, the outlet of the liquid storage cavity 19 is provided with a infiltration membrane 21 through which the liquid phase change material can pass.
Therefore, the infiltration membrane can avoid pollution caused by impurities entering the liquid storage cavity into the liquid suction core, and the gasification effect of the liquid suction core is ensured to be stable and reliable. Meanwhile, after the infiltration membrane is soaked by the liquid phase change material, the gas can be better shielded from entering the liquid storage cavity upwards.
Wherein the outer end of the infiltration membrane 21 is obliquely arranged outwards and upwards.
Therefore, the open width at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity can be reduced by increasing the area of the infiltration membrane, so that the liquid outlet effect of the liquid storage cavity is not influenced while the space of the evaporation cavity is enlarged as much as possible; when the heat-collecting ball is implemented, the outlet position of the liquid storage cavity is the narrowest position of the inner cavity width of the liquid storage cavity (namely the width between the inner wall of the heat-collecting ball and the baffle plate), so that the heat-collecting ball better highlights the effect. Meanwhile, due to the structural mode that the percolation film is obliquely arranged, a liquid suction core area with high liquid content is formed in a space clamped between the inner end position of the percolation film and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball and the lower side of the percolation film, and the liquid suction core in the area cannot directly contact with the evaporation cavity and is high in liquid content, so that gas can be prevented from entering the liquid storage cavity after being heated and expanded, and the gas shielding effect of the percolation film is greatly improved.
Wherein the pore density of the junction of the wick 20 at the top and the outlet of the reservoir is greater than the pore density of the lower portion.
Therefore, the density of the lower pore space is small, the pores are larger, the liquid phase change material is easier to gasify, the density of the upper pore space is large, the pores are small, and the gas can be better shielded from entering the liquid storage cavity upwards.
Wherein the surface of the wick 20 on the inner wall of the evaporation chamber 3 is provided with a plurality of groove 22 structures.
Thus, the surface area of the liquid suction core can be greatly increased, and the gasification efficiency of the liquid phase change material is improved. Meanwhile, the structure can enable the liquid suction core to be better adapted to the change of thermal expansion and cold contraction, and the stability of the structure is guaranteed.
Wherein, the middle part of the baffle 18 is provided with an opening area, and an elastic membrane 23 is hermetically arranged in the opening area.
Therefore, when the sun light is strong and the air pressure in the evaporation cavity is high, the pressure can be applied to the liquid storage cavity above through the elastic membrane, so that the liquid phase change material in the liquid storage cavity can be better extruded from the outlet of the liquid storage cavity, and the air in the evaporator is not pressed into the liquid storage cavity from the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. Therefore, the liquid outlet efficiency of the liquid storage cavity is improved to be correspondingly matched with the gasification efficiency in the evaporation cavity. The heat exchange efficiency is better improved. Further, a downward one-way valve (not shown) is arranged on the pipeline above the heat collecting ball inlet. Better ensure that the sun shines strongly, when the internal air pressure of evaporating chamber rises, can extrude liquid phase change material downwards through the elastic membrane effect to stock solution chamber.
The height of the heat collecting ball outlet 5 exceeds the thickness of the liquid suction core 20 at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is arranged at the position exceeding part of the liquid suction core, and the liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is connected with an electric control valve (not shown in the figure) arranged on a pipeline above the heat collecting ball inlet in an associated control way.
Therefore, after the liquid phase change material detection sensor detects that the liquid phase change material exists, the electric control valve above the liquid phase change material detection sensor can be controlled to be closed, so that the fact that the liquid phase change material which is not vaporized in the evaporation cavity can not exceed the heat collection ball outlet and flows out of the heat collection ball outlet under the condition of abrupt weather changes can be guaranteed, and the smoothness of the whole phase change material circulation system is guaranteed.
Wherein, the heating surface of the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball 2 is smeared with heat absorbing materials. This allows better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat into the wick.
Claims (10)
1. A solar heat collection heating system, including a solar heat collection device located outdoor and a heat dissipation device located indoor, its characterized in that: the solar heat collection device comprises a focusing reflecting mirror, the whole focusing reflecting mirror is in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collection ball is arranged at a focusing position above the focusing reflecting mirror, the outer surface of the heat collection ball is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the heat collector, a heat collection ball inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet protruding upwards from the evaporation cavity is arranged at the lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet is communicated with a heat dissipation device inlet, the heat dissipation device outlet is communicated with the heat collection ball inlet through a backflow pipeline to form a phase change material circulation system, and a gas-liquid phase change material is arranged in the phase change material circulation system.
2. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 1, wherein: the periphery of the focusing reflecting mirror is obliquely provided with a supporting rod and a heat collecting ball which are fixedly connected.
3. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 2, wherein: the outlet of the heat collecting ball passes through the focusing reflector and the roof through a vertically arranged connecting pipe and is connected with the inlet of the heat radiating device, and an insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
4. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 2, wherein: the focusing reflector comprises a reflector shell which is integrally in a spherical crown shape, a plurality of lenses which are similar to a fan shape are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and a positioning lantern ring is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each lens along the edge of the reflector shell;
the lenses are separated by a drainage groove, and a drainage hole is arranged in the drainage groove.
5. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 1, wherein: the heat radiator is in the shape of a box with narrow upper part and wide lower part, and the lower bottom surface is provided with a heat radiating plate made of metal.
6. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 1, wherein: the lower liquid storage tank positioned obliquely below the heat dissipating device and the upper liquid storage tank positioned above the heat collecting ball are also arranged on the reflux pipeline, the bottommost end of the inner cavity of the heat dissipating device is communicated with the lower liquid storage tank by virtue of the reflux pipeline, and a reflux pump is arranged on the reflux pipeline between the lower liquid storage tank and the upper liquid storage tank;
the pipe connected above the heat collecting ball is also provided with a photosensitive electric valve.
7. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball is also provided with a baffle, a liquid storage cavity is formed above the baffle and between the inlets of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball, and an evaporation cavity is formed below the baffle and between the inner wall of the heat collecting ball; the evaporation cavity inner wall is provided with a liquid suction core which is made of porous foaming materials and the upper end of which is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
8. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 7, wherein: an infiltration membrane through which the liquid phase change material can pass is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity;
the outer end of the infiltration membrane is obliquely arranged outwards and upwards.
9. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 7, wherein: the pore density of the joint part of the liquid suction core, which is positioned above the liquid suction core and at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity, is greater than that of the pore density of the part below the liquid suction core;
the surface of the liquid suction core on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a plurality of groove structures.
10. The solar heat collection heating system of claim 7, wherein: an opening area is arranged in the middle of the baffle plate, and an elastic membrane is hermetically arranged in the opening area;
the height of the outlet of the heat collecting ball exceeds the thickness of the liquid suction core at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is arranged at the position exceeding part of the outlet of the heat collecting ball and is connected with an electric control valve in a related control way, wherein the electric control valve is arranged on a pipeline above the inlet of the heat collecting ball;
the heating surface of the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball is coated with a layer of heat absorbing material.
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| CN202311284361.9A CN117366647A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating system |
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| CN202311284361.9A CN117366647A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating system |
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| CN202311284361.9A Pending CN117366647A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating system |
| CN202210934387.2A Active CN115234969B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating method |
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| US7694673B2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2010-04-13 | Brown Jr Joseph Francis | Combination heat recovery—solar collector |
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| DE102009024498A1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-01 | Joachim Falkenhagen | Method for heat supply using solar power, involves utilizing solar radiation from sun, for heating heat transfer medium in climate zone, and transporting medium to heat consumers in region with low degree of exposure to sun |
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