CN115234969A - Solar heat collection heating method - Google Patents
Solar heat collection heating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115234969A CN115234969A CN202210934387.2A CN202210934387A CN115234969A CN 115234969 A CN115234969 A CN 115234969A CN 202210934387 A CN202210934387 A CN 202210934387A CN 115234969 A CN115234969 A CN 115234969A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 39
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/72—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with hemispherical reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar heat collection and heating method which is characterized in that a focusing and reflecting mode is adopted outdoors, liquid phase-change materials are heated and gasified by utilizing sunlight focusing and reflecting, the phase-change materials in a gasified state are directly conveyed to the indoor to be liquefied and release heat, and the phase-change materials liquefied indoors are conveyed to the outdoor again to be heated and gasified by sunlight reflecting, so that circulation is formed and converted into indoor heating. The invention can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature and supplement building heat load requirements, has the advantages of simple implementation, stability, reliability and high heat conversion utilization efficiency, and realizes the maximum utilization of solar energy resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, in particular to a solar heat collection and heating method.
Background
Measured by the inter-government climate change special committee (IPCC) of the United nations, the target temperature control of 2 ℃ to 1.5 ℃ specified in Paris's agreement is realized. Meanwhile, the building industry, as a large energy and carbon consumption household of the whole society, according to the research report of energy consumption of Chinese buildings, the total energy consumption of the whole national building process in 2018 is 21.47 hundred million tons of standard coal equivalent, the proportion of the total energy consumption of the whole national building process is 46.5%, the total carbon emission of the whole national building process in 2018 is 49.3 hundred million tons of CO2, and the proportion of the carbon emission of the whole national building process is 51.3%, so that the energy conservation and carbon reduction in the whole life cycle of the building are realized.
The building roof is used as a fifth vertical surface of the building, the area of the building roof is increased along with the increase of the building area along with the continuous development of urbanization, the area of the building roof in the city accounts for about 25 percent of the total area of the city, and meanwhile, the roof is the most direct part of the building which receives the most intense solar radiation, the building roof resources are fully utilized to develop distributed photovoltaic, the multiple utilization of solar energy resources is realized, and the building roof is one of the technical means for saving energy and reducing carbon of the building.
Regarding the utilization of building roof solar energy resources, most of the existing solar energy resources are provided with a heat collector for supplying domestic hot water and a photovoltaic array for power generation, but the guarantee rate of heating by using the heat collector is low, an indoor pipeline system is complex, the photovoltaic array for power generation is limited by photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the actual heat conversion utilization efficiency is low. The temperature of the cold area in northern China or in mountain areas is low to below zero degrees centigrade at night, but the temperature of the outdoor direct solar radiation area in the noon of a sunny day can reach twenty to thirty degrees centigrade. In such cold areas, in the prior art, solar energy can be utilized to increase indoor temperature only by means of window ventilation, roof arrangement of bright tiles and the like, and the solar energy utilization effect is poor. Therefore, if a scheme capable of better utilizing outdoor solar energy to increase indoor temperature can be designed, the solar energy utilization and energy saving and emission reduction in cold regions have great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a solar heat collection heating method which can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature, supplement building heat load requirements and improve solar heat conversion utilization efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solar heat collection and heating method is characterized in that a focusing and reflecting mode is adopted outdoors, liquid phase-change materials are heated and gasified by utilizing sunlight in a focusing and reflecting mode, the phase-change materials in a gasified state are directly conveyed to the indoor to be liquefied and release heat, and the phase-change materials liquefied indoors are conveyed to the outdoor again to be heated and gasified by sunlight in a reflecting mode, so that circulation is formed and converted into indoor heating.
Compared with the solar energy utilization mode in the prior art which needs to convert energy through hot water conversion or electric energy conversion, the mode of directly converting heat has the advantages that conversion steps are reduced, the solar energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved, outdoor solar energy can be better utilized to improve the indoor temperature, the solar energy utilization mode is particularly suitable for being used in cold regions, the indoor temperature can be better adjusted, the indoor heat load requirement is supplemented, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing effects are improved.
The solar heat collection and heating system comprises a solar heat collection device and a heat dissipation device, wherein the solar heat collection device is located outdoors, the heat dissipation device is located indoors, the solar heat collection device comprises a focusing reflector, the focusing reflector is integrally in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collection ball is arranged at a focusing position above the focusing reflector, the outer surface of the heat collection ball is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is formed in the heat collector, a heat collection ball inlet is formed in the upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet protruding upwards into the evaporation cavity is formed in the lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet is communicated with a heat dissipation device inlet, the heat dissipation device outlet is communicated with the heat collection ball inlet through a backflow pipeline to form a phase change material circulation system, and gas-liquid phase change materials are arranged in the phase change material circulation system.
Therefore, the solar heat collection heating system is used for indoor heating in cold areas on sunny days, and can be used only by the condition that the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material is higher than the indoor temperature of a waiting working period and lower than the temperature of a focusing position of the focusing reflector. When the heat collector works, liquid phase-change materials flow along with the phase-change material circulating system and enter the evaporation cavity of the heat collecting ball from the inlet of the heat collecting ball, the heat collecting ball is heated by the concentrated irradiation of sunlight reflected by the focusing reflector, the phase-change materials are gasified, and the gasified phase-change materials downwards pass through the roof along with the connecting pipeline from the outlet of the heat collecting ball at the lower end and enter the heat radiator. The heat radiating device is positioned in a room, the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the phase change material is liquefied again and flows back to the upper part of the heat collecting ball through the backflow pipeline, and therefore the circulating flow is formed. The phase-change material is gasified and liquefied at different positions, so that the solar heat is directly absorbed and released to enter the room, and an energy conversion link through electric energy conversion, hot water conversion and the like is omitted; therefore, the heat conversion and utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the heat conversion and utilization device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in implementation, stability, reliability, high heat conversion and utilization efficiency and the like.
Furthermore, the periphery of the focusing reflector is obliquely provided with support rods and heat collecting balls which are fixedly connected inwards and upwards.
Therefore, the supporting and fixing of the heat collecting balls are conveniently realized.
Furthermore, the outlet of the heat collecting ball passes through the focusing reflector and the roof through a vertically arranged connecting pipe to be connected with the inlet of the heat radiating device, and a heat insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
Therefore, the phase change material can be conveniently refluxed, and the heat insulation effect is improved to improve the heat conversion efficiency.
Furthermore, the focusing reflector comprises a reflector shell which is integrally in a spherical crown shape, a plurality of fan-shaped similar lenses are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and the upper end and the lower end of each lens are respectively provided with a positioning lantern ring along the edge of the reflector shell.
This facilitates production, mounting and fixing of the lenses.
Furthermore, water drainage grooves are formed between the lenses at intervals, and water drainage holes are formed in the water drainage grooves.
Make things convenient for the outer row of rainwater like this, avoid catchmenting. In practice, the drain hole is preferably arranged at the lower part of the drain tank, so that better water drainage can be realized.
Further, the heat dissipation device is integrally in a box shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and a heat radiation plate made of metal is arranged on the bottom surface.
In this way, the heat sink can better dissipate heat to the room through the heat radiation plate, so that the gaseous phase-change material in the inner cavity is liquefied again.
Furthermore, a lower liquid storage tank located below the heat dissipation device and an upper liquid storage tank located above the heat collection ball are further arranged on the backflow pipeline, the lowest end of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation device is arranged by means of the backflow pipeline and the lower liquid storage tank in a communicated mode, and a backflow pump is installed on the backflow pipeline from the lower liquid storage tank to the upper liquid storage tank.
In this way, flow, storage, transport and backflow control of the liquid phase change material can be better achieved. During implementation, a liquid level detection sensor can be further arranged in the upper liquid storage tank and connected with the reflux pump. When detecting liquid phase change material in the liquid reserve tank like this and being less than and predetermineeing the height, open the backwash pump promptly and take out supreme liquid reserve tank with the liquid phase change material of saving in the liquid reserve tank down, go up the liquid phase change material in the liquid reserve tank and can rely on dead weight downflow gasification in going into thermal-arrest ball, more convenient control. When the device is implemented, the upper end of the upper liquid storage tank is provided with a vent pipeline communicated with the atmosphere, so that the liquid phase-change material in the upper liquid storage tank can be controlled to flow downwards better by means of dead weight. In addition, the reflux pump can be connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with a solar cell panel or a wind driven generator arranged outdoors. Thus, solar energy or wind energy can be used as the energy for the backflow of the liquid phase change material. An external power supply is not needed, and energy conservation and emission reduction are better realized.
Furthermore, a photosensitive electric valve is arranged on a pipeline connected above the heat collecting ball.
Like this, photosensitive electric valve sets up between heat collection ball and last liquid reserve tank, relies on photosensitive electric valve can detect outdoor illumination intensity and carry out automatic control to the pipeline flow of heat collection ball top, increases the flow when illumination is strong automatically, reduces the flow when illumination is weak, closes the flow when not illumination, makes the flow that gets into the liquid phase change material of heat collection ball can correspond the matching better with heat collection ball inner chamber in illumination heat absorption evaporation capacity. The photosensitive electrically operated valve has a structure including a photosensitive sensor portion exposed to air and an electrically operated valve portion on a pipe, and the structure is an existing product and will not be described in detail.
Furthermore, a baffle is arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collection ball, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collection ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collection ball, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collection ball; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a liquid absorption core which is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid absorption core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
Like this, liquid phase change material enters into the stock solution intracavity from the thermal-arrest ball import earlier, then flows in the imbibition core downwards along peripheral stock solution chamber export uniformly, and the lotion core is porous expanded material, can absorb liquid phase change material well and turn into the gassiness with its evaporation after being heated, has greatly improved liquid-gas conversion efficiency. The phase-change material converted into the gaseous state can not flow upwards due to the separation of the baffle and the liquid absorption core, and the pressure is difficult to transfer to the liquid phase-change material above, so the phase-change material can flow downwards under the action of air pressure, enters the heat dissipation device in a room below and is liquefied again, and the circulating flow of the phase-change material is further realized. The heat collecting ball structure of the invention is also equivalent to disclosing a phase-change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion, the phase-change material conversion device comprises a shell, the outer surface of the shell is a heated surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the shell, the upper end of the shell is provided with a shell inlet, the lower end of the shell is provided with a shell outlet which protrudes upwards into the evaporation cavity, the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell is also provided with a baffle, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the shell inlet, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the shell; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a liquid absorption core which is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid absorption core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. Specifically in this application, the casing is the structure of heat collection ball shell promptly, and the casing can conveniently be heated in the concentration for circular promptly. The phase-change material conversion device can realize the conversion of the phase-change material from a liquid state to a gaseous state and skillfully realize the flow of the phase-change material from top to bottom, and can be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limiting requirements besides the application in the solar heat collection heating system.
Further, the outlet of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a seepage membrane through which the liquid phase-change material can pass.
Therefore, the percolation film can prevent impurities in the liquid storage cavity from entering the liquid absorption core to cause pollution, and the gasification effect of the liquid absorption core is stable and reliable. Meanwhile, after the percolation membrane is soaked by the liquid phase-change material, the percolation membrane can better shield gas from upwards entering the liquid storage cavity.
Further, the outer end of the percolation membrane is obliquely arranged outwards and upwards.
Therefore, the slit width at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity can be reduced by increasing the area of the infiltration membrane, so that the liquid outlet effect of the liquid storage cavity is not influenced while the space of the evaporation cavity is enlarged as much as possible; when the liquid storage device is implemented, the outlet position of the liquid storage cavity can be the narrowest position of the width of the inner cavity of the liquid storage cavity (namely the width between the inner wall of the heat collecting ball and the baffle), so that the effect can be better highlighted. The structure mode that infiltration membrane slope set up simultaneously still makes the space that presss from both sides between the membrane lower side of the outside and heat collection ball inner wall of infiltration membrane inner position level and infiltration membrane, forms the imbibition core region of a high liquid content, because this regional imbibition core can not be direct and evaporation chamber contact and contain the liquid height, so can avoid gas to be heated to expand the back and enter into the stock solution intracavity better, has greatly improved the gas shielding effect of infiltration membrane.
Further, the pore density of the joint part of the upper part and the outlet of the liquid storage cavity in the liquid absorption core is larger than that of the lower part.
Like this, the below pore density is little, and the hole is bigger, makes liquid phase change material gasification more easily, and top pore density is big, and the hole is little, can shield gas upwards to enter into the stock solution intracavity better.
Furthermore, a plurality of groove structures are arranged on the surface of the liquid absorption core on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity.
Therefore, the surface area of the liquid absorption core can be greatly increased, and the gasification efficiency of the liquid phase-change material is improved. Meanwhile, the structure can enable the liquid absorption core to better adapt to the change of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, and the stability of the structure is ensured.
Furthermore, an opening area is arranged in the middle of the baffle, and an elastic membrane is arranged in the opening area in a sealing mode.
Like this, when solar illumination is strong, when evaporation intracavity atmospheric pressure is higher, can exert pressure through the stock solution chamber of elastic membrane top to the top for the liquid phase-change material in the stock solution intracavity can be extruded from stock solution chamber export better, rather than the evaporimeter in the gas from stock solution chamber export by being impressed into in the stock solution intracavity. Thus improving the liquid outlet efficiency of the liquid storage cavity and correspondingly matching the liquid outlet efficiency with the gasification efficiency in the evaporation cavity. The heat exchange efficiency is better improved. Furthermore, a downward one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline above the inlet of the heat collecting ball. Better guarantee that solar radiation is strong, when the atmospheric pressure rose in the evaporation chamber, can extrude liquid phase-change material downwards through the action of elastic membrane to the stock solution chamber.
Furthermore, the height of the outlet of the heat collection ball exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is arranged at the position exceeding the position, and the liquid phase change material detection sensor is in associated control connection with an electric control valve arranged on a pipeline above the inlet of the heat collection ball.
Like this, liquid phase change material detection sensor detects liquid phase change material back, can control the electric control valve of top and close, can guarantee under the weather sudden change condition that the liquid phase change material that comes too late vaporization in the evaporation cavity can not surpass thermal-arrest ball export and flow from the export, guarantees unobstructed of whole phase change material circulation system.
Furthermore, a layer of heat absorbing material is coated on the heating surface at the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball. This allows for better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat into the wick.
In conclusion, the solar energy heat pump system can better utilize outdoor solar energy to improve indoor temperature and supplement building heat load requirements, has the advantages of simplicity in implementation, stability, reliability and high heat conversion utilization efficiency, and realizes the maximum utilization of solar energy resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a solar heat collection heating system used in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the mirror portion of the single focusing mirror in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the heat collecting ball in fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a single segment of wick in figure 3.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The implementation mode is as follows: a solar heat collection and heating method is characterized in that a focusing and reflecting mode is adopted outdoors, liquid phase-change materials are heated and gasified by utilizing sunlight focusing and reflecting, the phase-change materials in a gasified state are directly conveyed to the indoor to be liquefied and release heat, and the phase-change materials liquefied indoors are conveyed to the outdoor again to be heated and gasified by sunlight reflecting, so that circulation is formed and converted into indoor heating.
Compared with the solar energy utilization mode in the prior art which needs to convert energy through hot water conversion or electric energy conversion, the conversion step is introduced, the solar energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved, outdoor solar energy can be better utilized to improve the indoor temperature, the solar energy utilization method is particularly suitable for being used in cold regions, the indoor temperature can be better adjusted, the indoor heat load requirement can be supplemented, and the energy-saving and emission-reducing effects can be improved.
In this embodiment, the above method is implemented by a solar heat collection and heating system, referring to fig. 1-4, the solar heat collection and heating system includes a solar heat collection device located outdoors and a heat dissipation device 6 located indoors, the solar heat collection device includes a focusing mirror 1, the focusing mirror 1 is in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening as a whole, a heat collection ball 2 is disposed at a focusing position above the focusing mirror, an outer surface of the heat collection ball 2 is a heated surface, an evaporation cavity 3 is disposed inside the heat collector, a heat collection ball inlet 4 is disposed at an upper end of the heat collection ball, a heat collection ball outlet 5 protruding upwards in the evaporation cavity is disposed at a lower end of the heat collection ball, the heat collection ball outlet 5 is communicated with an inlet of the heat dissipation device 6, an outlet of the heat dissipation device 6 is communicated with the heat collection ball inlet 4 through a backflow pipeline 7 to form a phase change material circulation system, and a gas-liquid phase change material is disposed in the phase change material circulation system.
Therefore, the solar heat collection heating system is used for indoor heating in cold areas on sunny days, and can be used only by the condition that the phase change temperature of the gas-liquid phase change material is higher than the indoor temperature of a waiting working period and lower than the temperature of a focusing position of the focusing reflector. When the heat collector works, liquid phase-change materials flow along with the phase-change material circulating system and enter the evaporation cavity of the heat collecting ball from the inlet of the heat collecting ball, the heat collecting ball is heated by the concentrated irradiation of sunlight reflected by the focusing reflector, the phase-change materials are gasified, and the gasified phase-change materials downwards pass through the roof along with the connecting pipeline from the outlet of the heat collecting ball at the lower end and enter the heat radiator. The heat radiating device is positioned in a room, the temperature is higher than the phase change temperature, the phase change material is liquefied again and flows back to the upper part of the heat collecting ball through the backflow pipeline, and therefore the circulating flow is formed. The phase-change material is gasified and liquefied at different positions, so that the solar heat is directly absorbed and released to enter the room, and an energy conversion link through electric energy conversion, hot water conversion and the like is omitted; therefore, the heat conversion and utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the heat conversion and utilization device has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in implementation, stability, reliability, high heat conversion and utilization efficiency and the like.
Wherein, the periphery of the focusing reflector 1 is obliquely provided with a support rod 8 and a heat collecting ball 2 which are fixedly connected inwards and upwards.
Therefore, the supporting and fixing of the heat collecting balls are conveniently realized.
Wherein, the outlet 5 of the heat collecting ball passes through the focusing reflector 1 and the roof 10 through the vertically arranged connecting pipe 9 to be connected with the inlet of the heat radiating device 6, and a heat insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
Therefore, the phase change material can be conveniently reflowed, and the heat is insulated and preserved to improve the heat conversion efficiency.
The focusing reflector 1 comprises a spherical-crown-shaped reflector shell, a plurality of fan-shaped lenses 11 are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and the upper end and the lower end of each lens 11 are respectively provided with a positioning sleeve ring along the edge of the reflector shell.
This facilitates production, mounting and fixing of the lenses.
Wherein, water drainage grooves 12 are formed between the lenses 11 at intervals, and water drainage holes 13 are arranged in the water drainage grooves 12.
Thus, rainwater is conveniently discharged outside, and water collection is avoided. In practice, the drain hole is preferably arranged at the lower part of the drain tank, so that better water drainage can be realized.
The heat sink 6 is a box with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and a heat radiation plate made of metal is arranged on the bottom surface.
In this way, the heat sink can better dissipate heat to the room through the heat radiation plate, so that the gaseous phase-change material in the inner cavity is liquefied again.
Wherein, still be provided with one on the return line 7 and be located the oblique lower liquid reserve tank 14 of heat abstractor and one and be located the last liquid reserve tank 15 of thermal-arrest ball top, 6 inner chambers of heat abstractor lower extreme department rely on return line and lower liquid reserve tank 14 intercommunication to set up, install backwash pump 16 on the return line between lower liquid reserve tank 14 to last liquid reserve tank 15.
In this way, flow, storage, transport and backflow control of the liquid phase change material can be better achieved. During implementation, a liquid level detection sensor can be further arranged in the upper liquid storage tank and connected with the reflux pump. When detecting liquid phase change material in the liquid reserve tank like this and being less than and predetermineeing the height, open the backwash pump promptly and take out supreme liquid reserve tank with the liquid phase change material of saving in the liquid reserve tank down, go up the liquid phase change material in the liquid reserve tank and can rely on dead weight downflow gasification in going into thermal-arrest ball, more convenient control. When the device is implemented, the upper end of the upper liquid storage tank is provided with a vent pipeline communicated with the atmosphere, so that the liquid phase-change material in the upper liquid storage tank can be controlled to flow downwards better by means of dead weight. In addition, the reflux pump can be connected with a storage battery, and the storage battery is connected with a solar cell panel or a wind driven generator arranged outdoors. Thus, solar energy or wind energy can be used as the energy for the backflow of the liquid phase change material. An external power supply is not needed, and energy conservation and emission reduction are better realized.
Wherein, a photosensitive electric valve 17 is also arranged on the pipeline connected above the heat collecting ball 2.
Like this, photosensitive electrically operated valve sets up between thermal-arrest ball and last liquid reserve tank, relies on photosensitive electrically operated valve can detect outdoor illumination intensity and carries out automatic control to the pipeline flow of thermal-arrest ball top, and the automatic flow that increases when illumination is strong reduces the flow when illumination is weak, closes the flow when not illuminating, makes the flow that gets into the liquid phase change material of thermal-arrest ball can correspond the matching better with thermal-arrest evaporation capacity of illumination in the thermal-arrest ball inner chamber. The photosensitive electrically operated valve has a structure including a photosensitive sensor portion exposed to air and an electrically operated valve portion on a pipe, and the structure is an existing product and will not be described in detail.
A baffle plate 18 is further arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collection ball, a liquid storage cavity 19 is formed between the upper part of the baffle plate 18 and the inner wall of the heat collection ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle plate 18 and the inner wall of the heat collection ball, and an evaporation cavity 3 is formed between the lower part of the baffle plate 18 and the inner wall of the heat collection ball; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity 3 is provided with a liquid absorption core 20, the liquid absorption core 20 is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid absorption core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
Like this, liquid phase change material enters into the stock solution intracavity from the thermal-arrest ball import earlier, then flows in the imbibition core downwards along peripheral stock solution chamber export uniformly, and the lotion core is porous expanded material, can absorb liquid phase change material well and turn into the gassiness with its evaporation after being heated, has greatly improved liquid-gas conversion efficiency. The phase-change material converted into the gaseous state can not flow upwards due to the separation of the baffle and the liquid absorption core, and the pressure is difficult to transfer to the liquid phase-change material above, so the phase-change material can flow downwards under the action of air pressure, enters the heat dissipation device in a room below and is liquefied again, and the circulating flow of the phase-change material is further realized. The heat collecting ball structure of the invention is also equivalent to disclosing a phase-change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion, the phase-change material conversion device comprises a shell, the outer surface of the shell is a heated surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the shell, the upper end of the shell is provided with a shell inlet, the lower end of the shell is provided with a shell outlet which protrudes upwards into the evaporation cavity, the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell is also provided with a baffle, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the shell inlet, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the shell, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the shell; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a liquid absorption core which is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid absorption core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity. Specifically in this application, the casing is the structure of heat collection ball shell promptly, and the casing can conveniently be heated in the concentration for circular promptly. The phase-change material conversion device can realize the conversion of the phase-change material from the liquid state to the gas state and skillfully realize the flow of the phase-change material from top to bottom, and can be applied to other heat conversion systems with similar flow direction limiting requirements besides the application in the solar heat collection heating system.
Wherein, the outlet of the liquid storage cavity 19 is provided with a seepage membrane 21 through which the liquid phase-change material can pass.
Therefore, the percolation film can prevent impurities in the liquid storage cavity from entering the liquid absorption core to cause pollution, and the gasification effect of the liquid absorption core is stable and reliable. Meanwhile, after the percolation film is soaked by the liquid phase-change material, the percolation film can better shield gas from upwards entering the liquid storage cavity.
Wherein, the outer end of the infiltration membrane 21 is obliquely arranged outwards and upwards.
Therefore, the width of the slit at the outlet of the liquid storage cavity can be reduced by increasing the area of the infiltration membrane, so that the liquid outlet effect of the liquid storage cavity is not influenced while the space of the evaporation cavity is expanded as much as possible; when the liquid storage device is implemented, the outlet position of the liquid storage cavity can be the narrowest position of the width of the inner cavity of the liquid storage cavity (namely the width between the inner wall of the heat collecting ball and the baffle), so that the effect can be better highlighted. The structure mode that infiltration membrane slope set up simultaneously still makes the space that presss from both sides between the membrane lower side of the outside and heat collection ball inner wall of infiltration membrane inner position level and infiltration membrane, forms the imbibition core region of a high liquid content, because this regional imbibition core can not be direct and evaporation chamber contact and contain the liquid height, so can avoid gas to be heated to expand the back and enter into the stock solution intracavity better, has greatly improved the gas shielding effect of infiltration membrane.
Wherein, the pore density of the joint part of the upper part and the outlet of the liquid storage cavity in the liquid absorbing core 20 is larger than that of the lower part.
Like this, the below pore density is little, and the hole is bigger, makes liquid phase change material gasification more easily, and top pore density is big, and the hole is little, can shield gas upwards to enter into the stock solution intracavity better.
Wherein, a plurality of grooves 22 are arranged on the surface of the liquid absorption core 20 on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity 3.
Therefore, the surface area of the liquid absorption core can be greatly increased, and the gasification efficiency of the liquid phase-change material is improved. Meanwhile, the structure can enable the liquid absorbing core to better adapt to the change of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, and the stability of the structure is ensured.
Wherein, the middle part of the baffle 18 is provided with an opening area, and an elastic membrane 23 is sealed in the opening area.
Like this, when solar illumination is strong, when evaporation intracavity atmospheric pressure is higher, can exert pressure through the stock solution chamber of elastic membrane top to the top for liquid phase change material in the stock solution intracavity can be better extruded from stock solution chamber export, rather than the interior gas of evaporimeter from stock solution chamber export in being impressed the stock solution intracavity. Thus, the liquid outlet efficiency of the liquid storage cavity is improved to be correspondingly matched with the gasification efficiency in the evaporation cavity. The heat exchange efficiency is better improved. Furthermore, a downward one-way valve (not shown) is arranged on the pipeline above the inlet of the heat collecting ball. Better guarantee that solar radiation is strong, when the atmospheric pressure rose in the evaporation chamber, can extrude liquid phase-change material downwards through the action of elastic membrane to the stock solution chamber.
The height of the outlet 5 of the heat collection ball exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core 20 at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is arranged at the position exceeding the position, and the liquid phase change material detection sensor 24 is connected with an electric control valve (not shown in the figure) arranged on a pipeline above the inlet of the heat collection ball in a related control way.
Therefore, after the liquid phase-change material detection sensor detects that the liquid phase-change material exists, the electric control valve above the evaporation cavity can be controlled to be closed, the situation that the liquid phase-change material which is not vaporized in the evaporation cavity can not exceed the outlet of the heat collection ball and flow out of the outlet under the condition of sudden change of weather can be guaranteed, and the smoothness of the whole phase-change material circulating system is guaranteed.
Wherein, a layer of heat absorbing material is coated on the heating surface at the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball 2. This allows for better absorption of solar radiation reflected from the focusing mirror and transfer of heat into the wick.
Claims (10)
1. A solar heat collection heating method is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a focusing reflection mode is adopted outdoors, liquid phase-change materials are heated by utilizing sunlight focusing reflection to be gasified, the phase-change materials in a gasified state are directly conveyed to the indoor to be liquefied and release heat, and the phase-change materials liquefied indoors are conveyed to the outdoor again to be heated and gasified by sunlight reflection, so that circulation is formed and converted into indoor heating.
2. The solar thermal collection heating method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is realized by a solar heat collecting and heating system which comprises a solar heat collecting device positioned outdoors and a heat radiating device positioned indoors, wherein the solar heat collecting device comprises a focusing reflector, the focusing reflector is integrally in a spherical crown shape with an upward opening, a heat collecting ball is arranged at a focusing position above the focusing reflector, the outer surface of the heat collecting ball is a heating surface, an evaporation cavity is arranged in the heat collector, the upper end of the heat collecting ball is provided with a heat collecting ball inlet, the lower end of the heat collecting ball is provided with a heat collecting ball outlet which protrudes upwards into the evaporation cavity, the heat collecting ball outlet is communicated with the heat radiating device inlet, the heat radiating device outlet is communicated with the heat collecting ball inlet through a return pipeline to form a phase change material circulating system, and a phase change material gas and liquid is arranged in the phase change material circulating system.
3. The solar heat collection heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the periphery of the focusing reflector is obliquely provided with support rods and heat collecting balls which are fixedly connected inwards and upwards;
the outlet of the heat collecting ball passes through the focusing reflector and the roof through a vertically arranged connecting pipe to be connected with the inlet of the heat radiating device, and a heat insulating layer is arranged outside the connecting pipe.
4. The solar heat collection heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the focusing reflector comprises a spherical-crown-shaped reflector shell, a plurality of fan-shaped reflectors are uniformly distributed in the reflector shell along the circumferential direction, and the upper end and the lower end of each reflector are respectively provided with a positioning lantern ring along the edge of the reflector shell;
a drainage groove is formed between the lenses at intervals, and a drainage hole is arranged in the drainage groove.
5. The solar heat collection heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the heat dissipation device is integrally in a box body shape with a narrow top and a wide bottom, and a heat radiation plate made of metal materials is arranged on the bottom surface.
6. The solar heat collection heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the backflow pipeline is also provided with a lower liquid storage tank positioned below the heat dissipation device and an upper liquid storage tank positioned above the heat collection ball, the lowest end of the inner cavity of the heat dissipation device is communicated with the lower liquid storage tank through the backflow pipeline, and a backflow pump is arranged on the backflow pipeline between the lower liquid storage tank and the upper liquid storage tank;
a photosensitive electric valve is also arranged on the pipeline connected above the heat collecting ball.
7. The solar heat collection heating method according to claim 2, characterized in that: a baffle is further arranged at the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity is formed between the upper part of the baffle and the inlet of the heat collecting ball, a liquid storage cavity outlet is formed between the periphery of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball, and an evaporation cavity is formed between the lower part of the baffle and the inner wall of the heat collecting ball; the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a liquid absorption core which is made of porous foaming materials, and the upper end of the liquid absorption core is connected with the outlet of the liquid storage cavity.
8. The solar thermal collection heating method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the outlet of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a seepage membrane through which the liquid phase-change material can pass;
the outer end of the infiltration membrane is obliquely arranged towards the upper part.
9. The solar thermal collection heating method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the pore density of the joint part of the upper part of the liquid suction core and the outlet of the liquid storage cavity is greater than that of the lower part of the liquid suction core;
the surface of the liquid absorption core on the inner wall of the evaporation cavity is provided with a plurality of groove structures.
10. The solar thermal collection heating method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the middle part of the baffle is provided with an opening area, and an elastic film is hermetically arranged in the opening area;
the height of the outlet of the heat collection ball exceeds the thickness of the liquid absorption core at the position, and a liquid phase change material detection sensor is arranged at the position of the exceeding part, and the liquid phase change material detection sensor is in associated control connection with an electric control valve arranged on a pipeline above the inlet of the heat collection ball;
a layer of heat absorbing material is coated on the heating surface at the lower part of the outer surface of the heat collecting ball.
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| CN202311432227.9A CN117419373A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Phase change material conversion device for realizing liquid-gas conversion |
| CN202210934387.2A CN115234969B (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating method |
| CN202311284361.9A CN117366647A (en) | 2022-08-04 | 2022-08-04 | Solar heat collection heating system |
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| CN115234969B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
| CN117366647A (en) | 2024-01-09 |
| CN117419373A (en) | 2024-01-19 |
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