CN117342997A - 一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备及固化方法 - Google Patents
一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备及固化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备及固化方法,其化学结构通式如下:其中R1为: R2为:H,烷基,芳香烃。该单体溶于大多数有机溶剂中,具有优良的加工性能,可直接加热熔融固化成型或通过流延法制备聚酰亚胺薄膜,固化后得到的聚酰亚胺材料具有优良的热稳定性,高透明度,优良的介电性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及了一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备及固化方法,属于高分子材料领域。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺是指主链含有酰亚胺环的一类聚合物,刚性酰亚胺结构赋予聚酰亚胺独特的性能,使它具有很好的耐热性及优异的力学、电、耐辐照、耐溶剂等性能。聚酰亚胺的制备有缩合型和加成型两种方式。缩合型聚酰亚胺制备,有一步氯苯/间甲酚溶剂法,或两步法:先在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/N-甲基吡咯烷酮/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中生成聚酰胺酸,再经热亚胺化(约300℃),或经乙酸酐/乙酰氯/二氯亚砜试剂化学亚胺化。在热亚胺化或化学亚胺化过程中水分的逸出会使薄膜发生较大的收缩率。而加成型聚酰亚胺的制备,环境友好,不生成小分子,热固成型简便。苯并环丁烯基团具有优异的加工性能,其在200℃以上热开环,可与亲二烯单体发生Diels-Alder反应加成形成六元环结构,反应过程中无需催化剂且不产生小分子,产物纯净且收缩率小。因此,苯并环丁烯基团与碳-碳双键可用于制备加成型聚酰亚胺材料。由此发明一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备及固化方法非常有益。
发明内容
本发明目的就是提供一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体、该单体的制备及固化方法,该单体溶于大多数有机溶剂中,具有优良的加工性能。可直接加热熔融固化成型或通过流延法制备聚酰亚胺薄膜,且固化过程仅需加热,无小分子放出。固化后得到的聚酰亚胺材料具有优良的热稳定性,高透明度,优良的介电性能等特点。
一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体,其化学结构通式如下:
其中R1为: R2为:H,烷基,芳香烃。
优选的单体结构式如下:
本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在有机溶剂中加入4-氨基苯并环丁烯和偏苯三酸酐,进行反应制备含有羧基的苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺,结构式为:
(2)在有机溶剂中加入步骤(1)制备的含有羧基的苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺,二氯亚砜,酸吸收剂,进行反应,制备苯并环丁烯的酰氯,结构式为:
(3)在有机溶剂中加入步骤(2)制备的苯并环丁烯的酰氯,酚类化合物和酸吸收剂,进行反应,将反应产物进行分离得到含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体,其化学结构通式如下:
本发明较好的的制备方法是:所述的有机溶剂为冰醋酸,甲苯或四氢呋喃。所述的酸吸收剂为吡啶或三乙胺。其中步骤(1)反应的摩尔比为:4-氨基苯并环丁烯:偏苯三酸酐:溶剂=1:1:40-50,反应在120℃下反应20-28h。步骤(2)反应的摩尔比为:(1)制备的酰亚胺:二氯亚砜:酸吸收剂:溶剂=1:3:1:40-50,在60℃下反应4-6h。步骤(3)反应的摩尔比为:(2)制备的酰氯:酚类化合物:酸吸收剂:溶剂=1:1:1:50-100,在60℃下反应20-28h,其中使用的酚类化合物结构优选如下:
步骤(3)中反应完后,向反应物中加入体积3-4倍的无水甲醇,析出白色固体,抽滤得到产物。
本发明还提供一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的固化方法,其特征在于:它是直接加热熔融固化成型或溶于溶剂后在基片上旋转涂膜固化,在250℃-280℃发生交联固化形成聚酰亚胺材料。
本发明提出了一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,继而通过热固化制备加成型聚酰亚胺材料。制备的聚酰亚胺材料具有优良的热稳定性,高透明度,优良的介电性能等特点,可作为热固性高分子材料应用于5G通信,微电子,封装材料等领域
附图说明
图1是本发明方法制备的含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的核磁氢谱。
图2是本发明方法制备的含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的DSC图谱。
图3是本发明方法制备的含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的TGA图谱。
具体实施方式
一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)在无水试剂中加入4-氨基苯并环丁烯和偏苯三酸酐,加入的摩尔比为:4-氨基苯并环丁烯:偏苯三酸酐:试剂=1:1:40-50,在120℃下反应20-28h,制备的含有羧基,苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺的结构式为:
(2)在无水试剂中加入步骤(1)制备的酰亚胺,二氯亚砜,酸吸收剂,加入的摩尔比为:(1)制备的酰亚胺:二氯亚砜:吡啶:试剂=1:3:1:40-50,在60℃下反应4-6h,制备的酰氯的结构式为:
(3)在无水的试剂中加入步骤(2)制备的酰氯,各种不同的酚类化合物和酸吸收剂,加入的摩尔比为:(2)制备的酰氯:酚类化合物:酸吸收剂:试剂=1:1:1:50-100,在60℃下反应20-28h,其中使用的酚类化合物结构如下:
(4)向上述步骤(3)中的反应物中加入体积3-4倍的无水甲醇,析出白色固体,抽滤得到产物。其具有下列化学式:
其中R1为: 等。其中R2为:H,烷基,芳香烃。
以下列举本发明含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的特定示例:
2,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-2-(二环[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-3-基)-1H-异吲哚-5-羧酸2-甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯-1-基)-苯酚酯(化合物BBIA-X1)
2,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-2-(二环[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-3-基)-1H-异吲哚-5-羧酸2-甲氧基-4-烯丙基-苯酚酯(化合物BBIA-X2)
2,3-二氢-1,3-二氧-2-(二环[4.2.0]辛-1,3,5-三烯-3-基)-1H-异吲哚-5-羧酸2-烯丙基-苯酚酯(化合物BBIA-X3)
【实施例1】本发明含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的合成1化合物BBIA-X1
将1.904g(16.0mmol)的4-氨基苯并环丁烯和3.070g(16.0mmol)的偏苯三酸酐置于200mL的圆底烧瓶中。在氮气环境下,加入40mL的冰醋酸。在120℃下搅拌回流24h,冷却至室温,加入120mL去离子水,有黄色固体析出,减压过滤,去离子水洗涤三次,得到含有羧基,苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺。如图1所示,本发明的核磁氢谱图分析如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):13.75(s,1H),8.41(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.30(s,1H),8.07(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.23(s,2H),7.15(s,1H),3.20(s,4H).
取上述产物1.173g(4.00mmol),甲苯20mL和两滴N,N-二甲基甲酰胺于200mL圆底烧瓶中。在氮气环境下,冰水浴中,加入二氯亚砜1.0mL(1.64g,13.8mmol)。10min后,加入吡啶0.5mL(0.49g,6.2mmol),在60℃下搅拌回流4h。冷却至室温,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,即得到酰氯。
向上述装有酰氯的圆底烧瓶中加入0.664g(4.04mmol)的2-甲氧基-4-丙-1-烯-1-基)苯酚。在氮气环境下,依次加入20mL无水四氢呋喃,0.5mL(0.49g,6.2mmol)吡啶,在65℃下搅拌回流24h。冷却至室温,加入60mL无水甲醇,搅拌0.5h,有大量白色固体析出,减压抽滤,无水甲醇洗涤3次,得化合物BBIA-X1为1.040g,产率为58.9%,外观为白色固体。由图2中实施例1的DSC图谱表明本发明通过熔融后固化了。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.77(s,1H),8.63(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.24-6.80(m,6H),6.41(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),6.24(dd,J=15.4,6.8Hz,1H),3.84(d,J=1.4Hz,3H),3.24(s,4H),1.91(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).
反应流程图如下:
【实施例2】本发明含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的合成2
化合物BBIA-X2
含有羧基,苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺的合成同【实施例1】。
酰氯的合成同【实施例1】。
向上述装有酰氯的圆底烧瓶中加入0.669g(4.07mmol)的4-烯丙基-2-甲氧基苯酚。在氮气环境下,依次加入20mL无水四氢呋喃,0.5mL(0.49g,6.2mmol)吡啶,在65℃下搅拌回流24h。冷却至室温,加入60mL无水甲醇,搅拌0.5h,有大量白色固体析出,减压抽滤,无水甲醇洗涤3次,得化合物BBIA-X2为1.547g,产率为87.7%,外观为白色固体。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.77(s,1H),8.63(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.24-6.74(m,6H),6.18-5.81(m,2H),5.24-5.05(m,2H),3.82(d,J=1.7Hz,3H),3.43(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),3.24(s,4H).
反应流程图如下:
【实施例3】本发明含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的合成3
化合物BBIA-X3
含有羧基,苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺的合成同实施例1。
酰氯的合成同实施例1。
向上述装有酰氯的圆底烧瓶中加入0.668g(4.98mmol)的2-烯丙基苯酚。在氮气环境下,依次加入20mL无水四氢呋喃,0.5mL(0.49g,6.2mmol)吡啶,在65℃下搅拌回流24h。冷却至室温,加入60mL无水甲醇,搅拌0.5h,有大量白色固体析出,减压抽滤,无水甲醇洗涤3次,得化合物BBIA-X3为1.332g,产率为81.3%,外观为白色固体。由图3中实施例1的TGA图谱,表明本发明成型后的热稳定性非常好。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.76(s,1H),8.63(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.11(dd,J=7.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=17.5,7.0Hz,3H),7.26-7.04(m,4H),6.07-5.74(m,1H),5.17-4.83(m,2H),3.38(d,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.24(s,4H).
反应流程图如下:
【实施例4】本发明【实施例1】制备的BBIA-X1的固化
取一定质量的苯并环丁烯封端的双酯双酰亚胺单体BBIA-X1末于一块表面清洁的玻璃基片上,加热至120℃使粉末熔化为淡黄色低粘度液体。趁热流延铺平,然后放入烘箱中在氮气氛围下固化,升温程序为在150℃下加热0.5小时,180℃下加热0.5小时,210℃下加热0.5小时,240℃下加热0.5小时,270℃下加热1.5小时,300℃下加热0.5小时,得到表面光滑的淡黄色透明固化膜。DSC固化行为分析:BBIA-XI的熔点为118℃,271℃交联固化。热重分析:初始分解温度(失重5%)为402℃,800℃时的残碳量为42%。
固化流程图下:
其中n为大于1的正整数。其理论数量无上限,具体取值由上一步固化的原料单体的量来决定。优选n为10000。
Claims (8)
1.一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体,其化学结构通式如下:
其中R1为: R2为:H,烷基,芳香烃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体,其结构如下:
3.一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:
(1)在有机溶剂中加入4-氨基苯并环丁烯和偏苯三酸酐,进行反应制备含有羧基的苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺,结构式为:
(2)在有机溶剂中加入步骤(1)制备的含有羧基的苯并环丁烯的酰亚胺,二氯亚砜,酸吸收剂,进行反应,制备苯并环丁烯的酰氯,结构式为:
(3)在有机溶剂中加入步骤(2)制备的苯并环丁烯的酰氯,酚类化合物和酸吸收剂,进行反应,将反应产物进行分离得到含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体,其化学结构通式如下:
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,所述的步骤(3)的酚类化合物结构如下:
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,所述的有机溶剂为冰醋酸,甲苯或四氢呋喃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,所述的步骤(3)中的反应物中加入体积3-4倍的无水甲醇,析出白色固体,然后抽滤得到产物。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的制备方法,所述的酸吸收剂为吡啶。
8.一种如权利要求1所述的含苯并环丁烯的不饱和酯酰亚胺单体的固化方法,其特征在于:直接加热熔融固化成型或溶于溶剂后在基片上旋转涂膜固化,在250℃-280℃发生交联固化形成聚酰亚胺材料。
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