CN117327132A - 刺糖松三糖及其提取工艺和应用 - Google Patents
刺糖松三糖及其提取工艺和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及天然产物技术领域,是一种刺糖松三糖及其提取方法和应用,该刺糖松三糖的提取方法,按下述步骤进行:将脱脂处理后的刺糖药材按照所需料液比加入水中进行提取,提取温度为65℃至75℃,多次提取,合并提取液;对合并的提取液进行减压蒸馏,得到浓缩液;向浓缩液中加入乙醇得到浓缩液‑乙醇体系,浓缩液‑乙醇体系于0℃至5℃下静置,收集上清液,上清液于0℃至5℃下继续静置,得到结晶产物;对结晶产物进行脱色纯化处理后即得到纯化后的刺糖松三糖。本发明的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,得到刺糖松三糖纯度可达99.85%,该刺糖松三糖可以通过调节促炎因子与抑炎因子的平衡,调节肠道菌群,以减轻结肠炎小鼠的症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物技术领域,是一种刺糖松三糖及其提取方法和应用。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎是一种由多病因引起的肠道免疫炎症,是一个局限在结肠粘膜和粘膜下层的疾病,病变开始时为粘膜基底Lieberkülin隐窝有圆细胞和中性多核细胞浸润,形成隐窝脓肿,光镜下可见覆盖的上皮细胞染色过浅和空泡形成。电镜中可见线粒体肿胀,细胞间隙增宽以及内浆网质增宽。随着病变进展,隐窝脓肿联合和覆盖上皮脱落,形成溃疡。溃疡性结肠炎的临床表现为多为血性腹泻或脓血便,每日1-4次,严重者血水样便,每日10次以上。可有左下腹或下腹部阵发性痉挛性绞痛,伴有便意或里急后重。偶有恶心、呕吐、上腹不适、发热等症状。2023年,全球溃疡性结肠炎的患病率估计为5万例,全球发病率正在上升。UC的发病机制仍不清楚,据报道许多因素引起的,包括遗传,免疫失调,肠道微生态系统紊乱和环境暴露,溃疡性结肠炎严重的影响了人们的生活质量,随着病情的加重会增加结肠癌的风险,目前,临床上应用的IBD治疗药物主要包括糖皮质激素类、免疫抑制剂等,这些药物都是通过全身免疫途径发挥作用,长期使用此类药物会产生严重的副作用。因此,寻找疗效更高、副作用更小的新型治疗药物具有重要意义和紧迫性。
肠道免疫稳态调节被公认为是目前治疗糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、炎症性肠病的新策略。肠道稳态是宿主肠道免疫屏障、肠道微生态等相互作用所形成的动态平衡。肠道作为机体的一大器官,通过多种细胞因子调控肠道微环境,建立肠道微生态稳态发挥维持机体健康的作用。天然低聚糖糖是一类由2至10个以上单糖通过糖苷键聚合而成的生物活性分子,具有抗炎、免疫调节、调节肠道微生物和代谢产物等多种活性。例如,张萍发现韦兰胶低聚糖对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎模型有着显著性作用,显著的降低了促炎因子(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β)水平。刘瑞雪等发现魔芋低聚糖对TNBS诱导的大鼠结肠炎模型具有显著的干预治疗作用,她通过分析各组肠道菌群,发现KOS干预治疗后,大肠杆菌、肠球菌数量明显降低,乳杆菌、双歧杆菌明显增加;与模型组相比具有显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。将功能性低聚糖作为治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物或者一线药物的佐剂,也许是一种新型有效的治疗策略。
刺糖是骆驼刺枝叶分泌的液体经浓缩凝结而成的淡黄色糖粒,又被称为刺密、洋槐蜜。刺糖在中医用药具有悠久的历史,始载于《本草拾遗》,曰:“主骨热,痰嗽,痢暴下血,开胃,止渴除烦”;《本草纲目》把刺糖列为药中上品,据记载其有“甘平无毒,清热解毒,滋养强健,平衡体液,涩肠止痛,祛痰止咳”之功。现代药理学表明刺糖具有免疫、抗氧化、抗癌、降血糖、保肝保肾等活性。刺糖中富含丰富的天然多糖和低聚糖。
松三糖(Melezitose)为一种非还原三糖,可从数种树的汁液中被萃取出来,如落叶松或是黄杉。松三糖是一些特定微生物必需的碳源;它可以被用作蛋白的赋性剂,松三糖在冻干制剂和溶液中都表现出极好的维持蛋白质活性的能力;松三糖在制药工业中具有广阔的应用前景,如优化药物配方的赋形剂,治疗应用的潜在表面活性剂;同时还具有抗肿瘤,抗感染的生理活性,能量低。目前刺糖药材中松三糖这种天然产物的提取方法并未报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种刺糖松三糖及其提取方法和应用,克服了上述现有技术之不足,其能有效提取高纯度的刺糖松三糖,并通过刺糖松三糖调节肠道菌群的多样性,恢复肠道稳态系统和调节代谢物的水平,改善溃疡性结肠炎。
本发明的技术方案之一是通过以下措施来实现的:一种刺糖松三糖的提取方法,按下述步骤进行:
第一步,将脱脂处理后的刺糖药材按照所需料液比加入水中进行提取,提取温度为65℃至75℃,多次提取,合并提取液;
第二步,对合并的提取液进行减压蒸馏,得到浓缩液;
第三步,向浓缩液中加入乙醇得到浓缩液-乙醇体系,浓缩液-乙醇体系于0℃至5℃下静置20h至30h,收集上清液,上清液于0℃至5℃下继续静置7天后,得到结晶产物;
第四步,对结晶产物进行脱色纯化处理后即得到纯化后的刺糖松三糖。
下面是对上述发明技术方案的进一步优化或/和改进:
上述第一步中,脱脂处理的具体操作为:将刺糖药材按照料液比1:2至4的比例加入石油醚中,浸泡20h至24h,干燥后得到脱脂后的刺糖药材。
上述第四步中,脱色纯化处理的具体操作为:将结晶产物加入60℃至70℃热水溶解,再加入活性炭进行脱色,重复脱色两次,将脱色后的溶液加入95%乙醇至体系醇浓度为75%至85%(体积百分数),静置7天使其重结晶,其中,每200g结晶产物加入4g活性炭。
上述第一步中,脱脂处理后的刺糖药材与水的料液比为1:12至1:16。
上述第一步中,提取时间为1h至3h,提取次数2至4次。
上述第三步中,浓缩液-乙醇体系中乙醇浓度为75%至85%(体积百分数)。
本发明的技术方案之二是通过以下措施来实现的:一种上述刺糖松三糖的提取方法提取得到的刺糖松三糖。
本发明的技术方案之三是通过以下措施来实现的:一种刺糖松三糖在制备预防和/或治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
本发明提供了一种从刺糖药材中提取分离纯化刺糖松三糖的工艺,得到刺糖松三糖纯度可达99.85%,该刺糖松三糖应用于结肠炎小鼠,其可以通过调节促炎因子与抑炎因子的平衡,调节肠道菌群,以减轻结肠炎小鼠的症状。
附图说明
附图1为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖的红外光谱谱图。
附图2-1为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖在ESI-MS正离子模式下的质谱图。
附图2-2为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖在ESI-MS负离子模式下的质谱图。
附图3为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖与文献报道的松三糖的碳谱对比图。
附图4为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖与文献报道的松三糖的氢谱对比图。
附图5为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖的1H-1H COSY谱图。
附图6为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖的HSQC谱图。
附图7为本发明实施例8提取的刺糖松三糖的HMBC谱图。
附图8为本发明纯化后的刺糖松三糖样品的液相色谱图。
附图9为本发明实施例9中小鼠体质量变化示意图。
附图10为本发明实施例9中小鼠DAI评分示意图。
附图11为本发明实施例9中小鼠结肠长度示意图。
附图12为本发明实施例9中小鼠病理切片对比图。
附图13为本发明实施例9中小鼠IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-a、IL-10水平对比图。
附图14为本发明实施例9中小鼠肠道菌群分析韦恩图。
附图15-1为本发明实施例9中小鼠ace、chao1和observed三个指数示意图。
附图15-2为本发明实施例9中小鼠Rank-Abundance曲线图。
附图16为本发明实施例9中小鼠的PCoA图。
附图17为本发明实施例9中小鼠肠道菌群属水平示意图。
附图18为本发明实施例9中非靶向代谢OPLS-DA得分图。
附图19为本发明实施例9中KEGG代谢途径示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制,可根据本发明的技术方案与实际情况来确定具体的实施方式。本发明中所提到各种化学试剂和化学用品如无特殊说明,均为现有技术中公知公用的化学试剂和化学用品;本发明中的溶液若没有特殊说明,均为溶剂为水的水溶液,例如,盐酸溶液即为盐酸水溶液;本发明中的常温、室温一般指15℃到25℃的温度,一般定义为25℃。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1:该刺糖松三糖按下述提取方法得到:
第一步,将脱脂处理后的刺糖药材按照所需料液比加入水中进行提取,提取温度为65℃至75℃,多次提取,合并提取液;
第二步,对合并的提取液进行减压蒸馏,得到浓缩液;
第三步,向浓缩液中加入乙醇得到浓缩液-乙醇体系,浓缩液-乙醇体系于0℃至5℃下静置20h至30h,收集上清液,上清液于0℃至5℃下继续静置7天后,得到结晶产物;
第四步,对结晶产物进行脱色纯化处理后即得到纯化后的刺糖松三糖。
实施例2:作为上述实施例的优化,第一步中,脱脂处理的具体操作为:将刺糖药材按照料液比1:2至4的比例加入石油醚中,浸泡20h至24h,干燥后得到脱脂后的刺糖药材。
实施例3:作为上述实施例的优化,第四步中,脱色纯化处理的具体操作为:将结晶产物加入60℃至70℃热水溶解,再加入活性炭进行脱色,重复脱色两次,将脱色后的溶液加入95%乙醇至体系醇浓度为80%(体积百分数),静置7天使其重结晶,其中,每200g结晶产物加入4g活性炭。
实施例4:作为上述实施例的优化,第一步中,脱脂处理后的刺糖药材与水的料液比为1:12至1:16。
实施例5:作为上述实施例的优化,第一步中,提取时间为1h至3h,提取次数2至4次。
实施例6:作为上述实施例的优化,第三步中,浓缩液-乙醇体系中乙醇浓度为75%至85%(体积百分数)。
实施例7:该刺糖松三糖在制备预防和/或治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
实施例8:该刺糖松三糖按下述提取方法得到:
第一步,将刺糖药材按照料液比1:3的比例加入石油醚中,浸泡24h,干燥后得到脱脂后的刺糖药材,将脱脂后的刺糖药材按照料液比1:14的比例加入水中进行提取,提取时间为2h,提取温度为70℃,提取次数2次,合并提取液;
第二步,对合并的提取液进行减压蒸馏,得到浓缩液;
第三步,向浓缩液中加入95%(体积百分数)的乙醇得到乙醇浓度为80%(体积百分数)的浓缩液-乙醇体系,浓缩液-乙醇体系于4℃下静置24h,收集上清液,将上清液于4℃下继续静置7天,可得到结晶产物;
第四步,将结晶产物加入70℃热水溶解,再加入活性炭进行脱色(每200g结晶加入4g活性炭),重复脱色两次,将脱色后的溶液加入95%乙醇(体积百分数)至体系醇浓度为80%(体积百分数),静置7天使其重结晶,即得到纯化后的刺糖松三糖。
对本发明实施例8得到的刺糖松三糖的结构鉴定:
①红外光谱:
将纯化后的刺糖松三糖干燥后,取约2mg样品,加入约200mg干燥后的KBr,充分研磨后压片,在4000cm-1至400cm-1区域内进行红外光谱的扫描,刺糖松三糖的红外光谱谱图见图1。由图1可知,3200cm-1至3500cm-1的吸收峰峰,为羟基O-H伸缩振动峰,形状宽而钝为对羟基化合物;2900cm-1左右存在吸收峰,为烷基C-H伸缩振动峰;1400cm-1左右存在吸收峰,为羟基O-H面内弯曲振动峰;1125cm-1左右存在吸收峰,含有C-O-C官能团750cm-1至900cm-1存在吸收峰,说明结构中含有不对称环氧环;700cm-1左右存在吸收峰,说明结构中含有a-吡喃糖残基。
②质谱:
精密称定10mg纯化后的刺糖松三糖样品,制成10ug/mL的溶液,采用HPLC-MS-ESI测定样品的分子量,得到的刺糖松三糖在ESI-MS正离子模式和负离子模式下的质谱图见图2-1和图2-2。由ESI-MS正离子模式图看出m/z:505.37是[M+H]+;m/z:522.39是[M+NH4]+;m/z:527.35是[M+Na]+、负离子模式图中503.40是[M-H]—;m/z:504.46是[M+e-]—;m/z:549.44是[M+HCOO—]—,综合确认刺糖松三糖样品的分子量为504.44。
③核磁:
取30mg纯化后的刺糖松三糖样品,用重水充分溶解,利用核磁共振仪(600MHz)进行测定碳谱、氢谱、1H-1H COSY谱、HSQC谱、HMBC谱。本发明提取的刺糖松三糖与文献报道(Seymour F R. 13C-Nuclear magneticresonance spectra of compounds containingβ-D-fructofuranosyl groups or residues. [J]. Carbohydrate Research, 1979, 72(1): 57-69.)的松三糖的碳谱对比图见图3(图中AYC为提取刺糖松三糖样品),本发明提取的刺糖松三糖与文献报道(Anteunis M, Bruyn A D, Verhegge G. The 300-MHz n.m.r.spectra of melezitose and raffinose in deuterium oxide.[J]. CarbohydrateResearch, 1975, 44(1): 101-105.)的松三糖的氢谱对比图见图4(图中AYC为 提取刺糖松三糖样品);本发明提取的刺糖松三糖样品核磁数据与文献报道(MälerL, Lang J,Widmalm G, et al. Multiple-field carbon-13 NMR relaxation investigation onmelezitose. [J]. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 1995, 33(7): 541-548.以及Anteunis M, Bruyn A D, Verhegge G. The300-MHz n.m.r. spectra of melezitoseand raffinose in deuterium oxide. [J].Carbohydrate Research, 1975, 44(1):101-105.)松三糖核磁数据对比见表1(表1中AYC为提取刺糖松三糖样品)。图5至图7分别为本发明提取的刺糖松三糖样品的1H-1H COSY谱图、HSQC谱图、HMBC谱图。其中,HNMR谱的高场区(1.8-2.2ppm)、13C NMR谱的170-180ppm、20-23ppm区域均无信号,表明该结构中不含乙酰基。在1H-13C HSQC谱的糖异头区(90-110ppm)有两个信号,表明该结构中含有二个缩醛氢,通常为糖环的1-H。结合分子量、总氢数以及13CNMR谱中104.60ppm处的信号,该结构应为含一个呋喃糖的三糖。以A、B和C分别代表三糖中的各个单糖,其中A糖的1-H和1-C信号分别为5.33和92.66 ppm,B糖的1-H和1-C信号分别为5.06和101.23ppm,104.60ppm的信号归属为呋喃糖C的2-C(见表1)。使用1H-1HCOSY谱归属单糖A中所有糖环质子的化学位移。A糖的2-H、3-H、4-H和5-H信号分别出现在3.42,3.53,3.30和3.80 ppm。A糖的6-H信号出现在3.66和3.72 ppm处。A糖各个碳的13CNMR信号根据HSQC谱归属。根据1HNMR谱中各个糖环氢的化学位移和偶合常数,判断单糖A为α-D-Glcp。使用1H-1HCOSY谱归属B糖中所有糖环氢的化学位移。B糖的2-H、3-H、4-H和5-H信号分别出现在3.44,3.61,3.31和3.80 ppm处。B糖的6-H信号出现在3.71和3.64 ppm处。B糖各个碳的13C NMR信号根据HSQC谱归属。根据1H NMR谱中各个糖环氢的化学位移和偶合常数,判断B糖为α-D-Glcp。HMBC谱中单糖C的2-C(104.60 ppm)信号与3.53和3.70 ppm的1H NMR信号相关,判断该组信号为单糖C的1-H信号。1H NMR信号位于3.73和3.62 ppm,13C NMR信号位于61.50 ppm的CH2信号被归属为呋喃糖C的6号位信号。根据1H-1H COSY谱相关信号将1H NMR中4.18、4.17、3.80 ppm处信号分别归属为单糖C的3-H、4-H、5-H信号。C糖的13C NMR信号根据HSQC谱完成归属。根据1H NMR和13C NMR谱中各个糖环信号的化学位移和偶合常数,判断单糖C为β-D-Fruf。HMBC谱中α-D-Glcp(B糖)的1-H信号(5.06 ppm)与β-D-Fruf(C糖)的3-C信号(84.19 ppm)相关,且B糖的1-C信号(101.23 ppm)与β-D-Fruf(C糖)的3-H信号(4.18 ppm)相关,表明B糖(α-D-Glcp)的1号位与C糖的3号位相连。HMBC谱中C糖的2-C信号(104.60 ppm)与α-D-Glcp(A糖)的1-H信号(5.33 ppm)有相关性,表明A糖(α-D-Glcp)的1号位与C糖的2号位相连。该化合物的核磁谱图数据与文献报道的松三糖核磁谱图数据对比一致(表1,图2,图3)。根据以上测试数据可确定本发明由刺糖药材中提取的提取物为松三糖(α-D-Glcp-(1→3)-β-D-Fruf-(2→1)-α-D-Glcp)。
对本发明得到的刺糖松三糖的提取得率以及纯度进行测定:
①提取得率:
平行称取三份刺糖药材200g,按实施例8的方法进行提取,计算第三步中结晶产物的平均得率为13.65%。
②纯化得率:
分别取三份100g结晶产物,按实施例8中的脱色纯化处理步骤进行重结晶,平均纯化得率为81.64%。
③纯度测定
精密称定纯化后的刺糖松三糖样品10mg,置于10mL容量瓶中,加入液相用水中溶解并定容至刻度。采用HPLC-ELSD(2424),色谱柱XBridge酰胺柱3.5μm(2.1×150mm),柱温40℃,样品室温度5℃,流速0.3mL/min,流动相:75%乙腈和25%水,进样量10μL,气压:25,雾化器模式:冷却,探测器增益:100,漂流管温度:50±5℃,得到刺糖松三糖的液相色谱图。采用面积归一化法进行定量得到刺糖松三糖的纯度为99.85%。
醇沉乙醇浓度对刺糖松三糖的提取得率的影响的考察:
称取4份刺糖药材各100g,经石油醚脱脂,按照料液比1:14,提取时间为2h,提取温度为70℃,提取次数2次,合并提取液;减压浓缩至合适体积,将4份提取液分别加入95乙醇至浓缩液-乙醇体系中乙醇浓度依次为60%、70%、80%、90%,于4℃静置24h,收集上清液,将上清液于4℃继续静置7天,得到结晶。计算结晶得率依次为0、3.13%、12.39%、4.57%。
实施例9:刺糖松三糖在溃疡性结肠炎预防和治疗方面的应用实验:
对本发明提取的刺糖松三糖进行如下测试实验:
动物实验:取6周龄SPF级雄性c57/BL小鼠48只,体质量20±2g,购自新疆医科大学动物实验中心,适应性喂养一周,试验期间小鼠自由摄食、饮水。每日记录观察小鼠的体质量、粪便、便血的情况。
动物分组与模型构建:将小鼠随机分为6组,包括正常组、DSS模型组、美沙拉秦组[100mg/(kg·d)]、刺糖松三糖低剂量组[20mg/(kg·d)]、刺糖松三糖中剂量组[40mg/(kg·d)]、刺糖松三糖高剂量组[80mg/(kg·d)],每组8只,造模前7天,正常组、DSS模型组、美沙拉秦组灌胃给与生理盐水0.2ml,刺糖松三糖低、中、高剂量组灌胃给与0.2ml不同浓度的松三糖溶液;第8天起除正常组外,各组给与3%的DSS溶液代替饮用水7天,刺糖松三糖各组持续给药,美莎拉秦组给与相应浓度灌胃给药,模型组灌胃生理盐水。实验期间观察小鼠精神状态、大便形状和便血情况,记录每日小鼠体重,进行疾病活动指数(diseaseactivity index,DAI)评估。7天后麻醉进行眼球取血,收集小鼠粪便和肠道内容物,取小鼠结肠组织,测定其长度。取0.5cm结肠置于多聚甲醛溶液用于病理切片。剩余组织于-80℃留存备用。
疾病活动指数(DAI)评分:每天监测小鼠体质量、粪便稠度、直肠出血程度,检查溃疡性结肠炎的发生情况。通过临床评分系统(DAI)评估总体疾病严重程度,公式为DAI评分=(体质量减轻评分+粪便性状评分+便血评分)/3,标准见表2。
HE染色观察小鼠结肠组织病理变化:将小鼠结肠组织固定在4%多聚甲醛24h后,梯度乙醇脱水,石蜡包埋,制成5μm切片,采用HE染色,在光学显微镜下观察其形态结构变化,评估结肠损伤和炎症情况。
ELISA法检测血清中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-a水平:取-80℃保存的血清,按照ELISA试剂盒说明书检测血清抑炎因子IL-10和促炎因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平。
肠道菌群测定:从-80℃冰箱取出样本。按照(TruSeq®DNA PCR-Free)DNA提取试剂盒TruSeq®DNAPCR-Free试剂盒说明进行操作,经PCR扩增后上机进行测序。
非靶向代谢物的测定:从-80℃冰箱取出样本放在冰上解冻,准确称取20mg肠道内容物于离心管中,加入70%甲醇水内标提取液400μL,涡旋3min,冰水浴超声10min,取出样本涡旋1min,-20℃静置30min,在4℃下离心,移取200μL上清液到进样瓶内插管中上机分析。
统计方法:使用spss statistics 25统计软件包对数据进行分析,并以x±s表示。采用student’s t-test检验比较两组数据,采用单因素方差分析分析两组差异。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
实验结果如下:
在实验过程中每日观察小鼠的体质量、粪便稠度、直肠出血程度。发现与正常组比较,模型组、阳性对照组、刺糖松三糖低剂量、中剂量、高剂量组体重都有所下降(见图9),与模型组相比,阳性对照组、刺糖松三糖中、高剂量组显著减轻了小鼠体质量减轻。除正常组外,其余各组的DAI评分有着明显的升高,而阳性对照组、刺糖松三糖中、高剂量组的DAI评分明显低于模型组(图10)。相比于正常组(A)模型组(B)的结肠长度明显缩短,而美拉沙秦组(C)、刺糖松三糖中(E)、高剂量组(F)的结肠长度缩短情况有所改善,刺糖松三糖低剂量组结肠缩短情况改善没有统计学差异(图11,图11中A为正常组、B为模型组、C为美沙拉秦组、D为刺糖松三糖低剂量组、E为刺糖松三糖中剂量组、F为刺糖松三糖高剂量组,与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05、**P<0.01)。通过HE组织染色分析,进一步评估结肠炎的严重程度,对DSS诱导的UC小鼠给与松三糖后,病理情况明显有所改善(见图12)。以上结果表明,刺糖松三糖可以明显减轻DSS诱导的UC(溃疡性结肠炎)。刺糖松三糖对DSS诱导小鼠炎症因子的影响与模型组比较,各实验组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-a水平均有不同程度的下降,IL-10的水平有所升高(见图13,图13中A为正常组、B为模型组、C美沙拉秦组、D为松三糖低剂量组、E为松三糖中剂量组、F为松三糖高剂量组,与正常组比较,##P<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05、**P<0.01),结果表明刺糖松三糖对小鼠的结肠炎症状有所减轻。
肠道菌群分析结果:图14的韦恩图显示,正常组(A)、模型组(B)和刺糖松三糖高剂量组(C)共检测出5281个OTUs,正常组、模型组和刺糖松三糖高剂量组共享920个OTUs,模型组与正常组共享1082个OTUs,正常组与刺糖松三糖高剂量组共享有1297个OTUs,模型组与刺糖松三糖高剂量组共享有1035个OTUs。
Alpha多样性分析:ace、chao1和observed三个指数结果表明,与模型组相比刺糖松三糖高剂量组和正常组有显著性升高(P<0.05)(图15-1);Rank-Abundance曲线(图15-2)相较于模型组,刺糖松三糖高剂量组和正常组的曲线在水平方向的范围更大,在垂直方向曲线的形状更加平滑更平滑。表明刺糖松三糖高剂量组和正常组与模型组相比微生物群落的丰富度和多样性更高,物种均匀度更好。
Beta多样性研究:Unweighted Unifra距离PCoA(图16)分析结果表明刺糖松三糖高剂量组和正常组距离更近,菌落结构组成更相似。
属水平物种组成分析:图17属水平物种组成显示,与正常组比较,模型组的Bacteroides、unidentified_Lachnospiraceae水平升高Mucispirillum、Parabacteroides、Helicobacter、Alistipes水平降低,给与刺糖松三糖后,降低了Bacteroides、unidentified_Lachnospiraceae的水平,升高了Parabacteroides、Alistipes丰度。
非靶向代谢组学分析:图18的OPLS-DA得分图可以看出正常组(A)、模型组(B)、刺糖松三糖高剂量组(C)的非靶向代谢物的组成差异明显,结果表明刺糖松三糖能够调节肠炎小鼠的代谢物组成。与对照组比较,模型组代谢物异常表达,提示UC小鼠体内代谢水平紊乱,经松三糖给药后,发生改变的代谢物水平均有不同程度的回调,主要涉及半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢通路、蛋白质消化和吸收通路、辅因子的生物合成通路、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸合成与降解通路、ABC转运蛋白通路、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成通路、甘油磷脂代谢通路、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸酯相互转化通路(图19)。提示刺糖松三糖能通过调节氨基酸的合成与降解,调节甘油磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸代谢,减轻细胞膜损伤,增强结肠屏障功能,从而改善溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的症状。
以上实验结果表明刺糖松三糖能够升高抑炎因子和降低促炎因子的水平,调节肠道菌群的多样性,恢复肠道稳态系统和调节代谢物的水平,最终达到改善溃疡性结肠炎的效果。
综上所述,本发明的刺糖松三糖提取方法操作简单,提取率高,易于工业化,刺糖松三糖对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎有一定的保护和预防作用,能够升高抑炎因子和降低促炎因子的水平,调节肠道菌群的多样性,恢复肠道稳态系统和调节代谢物的水平,最终达到改善溃疡性结肠炎的效果。
以上技术特征构成了本发明的实施例,其具有较强的适应性和实施效果,可根据实际需要增减非必要的技术特征,来满足不同情况的需求。
Claims (8)
1.一种刺糖松三糖的提取方法,按下述步骤进行:
第一步,将脱脂处理后的刺糖药材按照所需料液比加入水中进行提取,提取温度为65℃至75℃,多次提取,合并提取液;
第二步,对合并的提取液进行减压蒸馏,得到浓缩液;
第三步,向浓缩液中加入乙醇得到浓缩液-乙醇体系,浓缩液-乙醇体系于0℃至5℃下静置20h至30h,收集上清液,上清液于0℃至5℃下继续静置7天后,得到结晶产物;
第四步,对结晶产物进行脱色纯化处理后即得到纯化后的刺糖松三糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,其特征在于第一步中,脱脂处理的具体操作为:将刺糖药材按照料液比1:2至4的比例加入石油醚中,浸泡20h至24h,干燥后得到脱脂后的刺糖药材。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,其特征在于第四步中,脱色纯化处理的具体操作为:将结晶产物加入60℃至70℃热水溶解,再加入活性炭进行脱色,重复脱色两次,将脱色后的溶液加入95%乙醇至体系醇浓度为75%至85%,静置7天使其重结晶,其中,每200g结晶产物加入4g活性炭。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,其特征在于第一步中,脱脂处理后的刺糖药材与水的料液比为1:12至1:16。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,其特征在于第一步中,提取时间为1h至3h,提取次数2至4次。
6.根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法,其特征在于第三步中,浓缩液-乙醇体系中乙醇浓度为75%至85%。
7.一种根据权利要求1至6所述的刺糖松三糖的提取方法提取得到的刺糖松三糖。
8.一种根据权利要求7所述的刺糖松三糖在制备预防和/或治疗溃疡性结肠炎药物中的应用。
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