CN1173116A - 糖溶液中冰晶悬浮液的制备方法及其用于制作甜食的用途 - Google Patents
糖溶液中冰晶悬浮液的制备方法及其用于制作甜食的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
将浓缩糖溶液与稀释糖溶液混合,在混合之前将两溶液自恰好高于各溶液的亚稳定极限温度冷却至恰好高于各溶液的熔点,从而得到糖溶液中一种含大量极小冰晶的悬浮液。
Description
发明领域
在冷冻甜食,如冰冻餐后甜食、粗粒冰糕,冰淇淋和冰泥的生产中,冰晶悬浮液的制备是一普通步骤。这些甜食是由可包含如风味剂、脂肪、乳蛋白、乳化剂、气体、色素和果浆等配料的糖水溶液形成的。
发明背景
人们希望能生产一种平均晶粒尽可能小的冰晶悬浮液。
通常冰晶悬浮液是在刮板式热交换器(SSHF)中生产出的。这种方法是同时进行糖水溶液的混合与冷却。这种方法的缺点是在SSHE的壁与中心有一温度差,这样在SSHE壁上发生结晶,使得结晶分布不均。
使用SSHE生产冰晶悬浮液的另一个缺点是SSHE的价格昂贵。
也可通过在如硬糖模具(lolly mould)中静态冷冻来制备冰晶悬浮液。在模具壁上形成结晶,同时大的枝晶向产品中心生长。
我们发明了一个制备冰晶悬浮液的简单方法,用这种方法可以制出具有所需晶体大小的微小晶体。此外还能形成许多均匀分布的晶核。这种方法包括最初在将冷却溶液混合之前逐一冷却浓缩糖第一溶液和水或稀释糖的第二溶液。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种在糖溶液中制备含冰晶悬浮液的方法,其中在混合之前分别将浓缩糖第一溶液和稀释糖或水的第二溶液自各个溶液的恰好高于亚稳定极限温度冷却至恰好高于各溶液的熔点温度。如果一种或两种溶液从溶液的恰好高于亚稳定极限温度冷却至溶液的熔点之下,则溶液过冷却。
本发明提供了一种制备含有大量相当小的冰晶的简便方法。如果至少一种溶液在混合之前过冷却,则冰晶的大小能进一步减小。
术语“恰好高于熔点之上”指高于溶液中冰的熔点的温度,最高至约为5℃的范围。
术语“恰好高于亚稳定极限温度”指在溶液的亚稳定极限温度之上,约为0.5℃。
术语“亚稳定极限温度”是本领域的公知术语。用于测量亚稳定极限温度的方法已在“Crystallization”,J Mullin Butterworth 1972,p178 & 179 & Fig6.4中公开。
第一溶液为浓缩糖溶液,这种溶液的浓度优选约为45%w/w,更优选大于约55%。
第二溶液可以是水或稀释糖溶液。第二溶液优选为水,因为这在商业上是最有效的方法。稀释糖溶液的浓度优选低于约20%w/w,更优选低于约10%。
糖通常为蔗糖,但也可用其它糖,如葡萄糖右旋糖和果糖。在一些加工生产中,两种溶液中溶入不同的糖会产生有益效果。
溶液中可含有少量风味剂,柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、脂肪、乳蛋白、乳化剂、气体、果浆、果汁或稳定剂。
使用糖浓度相同或不同的两种以上溶液时,在混合之前分别将每个溶液自其恰好高于亚稳定温度冷却至恰好高于溶液的熔点,很明显这是可以做到的,并且这种方法在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。假设至少一种溶液是浓缩糖溶液,至少一种溶液是稀释糖溶液或水。
一般情况下,用本发明方法可制成糖溶液中含0.5-10wt%冰晶的冰冻悬浮液。这种冰冻悬浮液形成得很快。对于商业用途,如冰淇淋或冰冻餐后甜食来讲,所形成的冰含量太低了。因此第二制冷步骤需要增加悬浮液中冰的相体积(phase volume)。第二制冷步骤可与混合步骤同时进行。按照本发明方法,也可先制备冰悬浮液,然后再将其送入适合的制冷系统内。
可以使用任何混合冷却溶液的简便方法。利用不同的混合方法会改变生成晶体的大小和/或形状。
可以使用使液流通过一个能将液流汇集在一起并可将其迅速混合的非运动机械装置的静态混合器。一个实例是Kenics混合器。这种方法制出含有细冰晶悬浮液的液流。本发明方法中还包括将液流注入一容器内,如一个模具中,容器中可有一搅拌器。这种方法可使悬浮液在容器内的冷却液中形成,悬浮液可接着进行静态冷冻。
也可在一个能进行动态冷冻的容器内进行混合,如在刮板式热交换器(SSHE)或空腔传送混合器。在这种方法中,冰晶悬浮液在能进行第二冷冻步骤的设备内形成。
用此方法可在水中而不是在容器的表面形成大量小晶体。
液流态的悬浮液制备好后,可将其加入SSHE中,在SSHE内完成冷冻加工。在此阶段可进行充气处理。
在混合之前,可对一种或两种溶液进行过冷处理。过冷处理可产生特别小的冰晶。
过冷指溶液被冷却至溶液中冰的熔点温度之下,但溶液没有结冰。为了将溶液过冷,缓慢冷却溶液。可用任何公知技术进行过冷处理,也可在一系统中冷却溶液,其中冷却液的温度不会低于溶液的亚稳定极限温度。
为了制备出所需的冰冻甜食终产品,如冰冻餐后甜食、冰淇淋、粗粒冰糕、冰泥,可将所得的冰晶悬浮液与冷冻甜食中的组分混合。优选将冷冻甜食中的组分加入用于制备起始冰冻悬浮液的一种或两种溶液中。冷冻甜食中的附加组分一般包括在水或稀释糖溶液中。也可在混合阶段加入冷冻甜食组分。
本发明的具体描述
下面将用实施例进行说明,但对本发明方法不起任何限定作用。
将两种溶液混合制成水冰泥。
将浓缩蔗糖液流A(30-62%w/w蔗糖)冷却至高于其平衡熔点0-4℃的温度范围内。将稀液流B(0-15%w/w蔗糖)冷却至高于其平衡熔点0-4℃的温度范围内,将液流A与液流B混合。每一液流中含少量风味剂、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、果汁或稳定剂,如瓜儿胶和LBG。浓缩液流(A)与稀释液流(B)以8∶1-1∶2的重量比进行混合。总流速为300kg/hr。这样得到了温度低于液体平衡熔点温度的混合液流,其中的一些水形成结晶。液流的温度为-18℃--3.0℃。
所用的混合器为kenics静态管式混合器(由Chemineer Ltd.Derby.,England购得),包括有一长30cm,直径2.5cm的管。管内沿着与液流平行的方向有12个弯曲零件,还有与周围零件垂直的零件。每个弯曲零件转动,使得液体以不同方向流动。
也可用Sulzer型混合器(由Sulzer-Chemtech,Winterhur,Switzerland购得)。
经混合产生可自然形成冰晶的物理环境。形成了水冰泥,其中含0.5%-15%w/w的冰。进行了4个实施例,其操作条件如表I和II所示。所得冰泥中的质量分率为1%-5%。
经过第二冷冻阶段后的终产品的结构松软,与由静态冷冻得到的技状结构不同。表I
*计算值。表II
实施例 | 液流A | 液流B | ||||
蔗糖浓度(%w/w) | 温度(℃) | 蔗糖浓度(%w/w) | 温度(℃) | 流量比(A/B) | 冰含量*(质量分率) | |
I | 62 | -13.5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.05 |
II | 50 | -7.1 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 0.01 |
III | 62 | -13.5 | 15 | -1.1 | 0.5 | 0.02 |
IV | 55 | -9.2 | 15 | -1.1 | 0.67 | 0.01 |
所用溶液的熔点:
蔗糖(%w/w) ℃
- 0°
15 -1℃
50 -7.5℃
55 -9.3℃
62 -13.8℃
然后在第二阶段中将这种含有许多极细小冰晶的冰泥在气流冷冻器或相似的设备中进一步冷冻,使得水冰具有能够保持大量小晶体的独特结构。将冰泥进行后续冷冻,以生产可在商业上使用的冰冻餐后甜食。这种后续(即后混合)冷冻可以是静态的,如在模具中通过冷冻区,也可是运动的,如在刮板式热交换器中进行冷冻。用于静态冷冻的冷冻区的实例是将模具放置于其中的盐水浴,用非常冷的气体冷冻隧道。根据所需的终产品的结构和形状来确定所用的适当的冷冻方法。
用与前述相同的方法来制备充气冰冻餐后甜食。在进行混合之前对浓缩液流或稀释液流用空气(或用任何适合的气体)充气。小空气泡分布在悬浮液中,被截留在冰冻产品中。
这种方法可特别用于制备冰冻餐后甜食,但也可用来制备含冰的其它食品。因此这种方法可用来制作冰淇淋。实施例5
将两种溶液混合形成水冰泥。
将浓缩蔗糖液流A(62wt%)冷却至-10.9℃。将其与冷却至0.3℃,加入了1.4wt%柠檬酸、0.7wt%柠檬酸钠、0.3wt%柠檬风味剂的水混合。两液流的混合重量比为1∶1。总流速为3.3kg/min。所用的混合器为有12个元件的Kenics混合器。检测温度为-2.1℃的流出液中的冰晶。实施例6
将两种溶液混合得到冰冻餐后甜食溶液。
将0.45kg 55wt%的蔗糖溶液(熔点为-9.2℃)冷却至-7.5℃。将其与0.5kg已过冷至-1.7℃的水混合。在转速为200rpm的Rushton涡轮机中进行混合。可以观测到冰晶立即在混合物中形成。实施例7
-12.8℃的蔗糖溶液(60wt%)与0.1℃的水以3∶2的重量比在转速为240rpm的Rushton涡轮混合器中混合,形成含有冰晶泥的液流A。
液流B的组分如下,以重量表示:
水 53.8%
脱脂奶粉 25.0%
奶油 20.0%
角豆菜胶 0.4%
乳化剂 0.8%将液流B巴氏杀菌并均质。将液流A和B(-2.6℃)以1∶1的重量比混合,同时向所得液流中充氮气,进行剪切,从而得到粘稠产品。将这种产品在-16℃下静态硬化制成冰淇淋甜食。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备在糖溶液中的含冰晶悬浮液的方法,其中在混合之前分别将浓缩糖第一溶液和稀释糖或水的第二溶液自每一溶液的恰好高于亚稳定极限温度冷却至恰好高于每一溶液的熔点;如果将一种或两种溶液自每一溶液的恰好高于亚稳定极限温度冷却至每一溶液的熔点之下,则每一溶液是过冷却的。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中第一溶液为浓缩糖溶液,糖浓度为约45%w/w,优选高于约55%w/w。
3.如权利要求1或2所述方法,其中第二溶液为水或稀释糖溶液,糖浓度低于约20%w/w,优选低于约10%w/w。
4.如前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中第二溶液为水。
5.如前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中至少一种溶液的温度在恰好高于溶液的亚稳定极限温度至低于溶液熔点之间。
6.如前述任何权利要求所述的方法,其中第一溶液和第二溶液均分别在恰好高于各溶液的亚稳定极限温度与低于各溶液熔点之间。
7.如权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中至少一种溶液的温度为其熔点或恰好高于其熔点。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一权利要求所述的方法,其中第一和第二溶液的温度均为其熔点或恰好高于各溶液的熔点。
9.一种制备含有冰冻悬浮液产品的方法,其中前述任何权利要求中的悬浮液在进行第一步冷冻操作的同时被搅拌。
10.一种制备含有冰冻悬浮液的产品的方法,其中将前述权利要求1-8中任何一权利要求中的悬浮液混合之后进行冷冻。
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CN1080095C (zh) | 1996-05-31 | 2002-03-06 | 尤尼利弗公司 | 包衣的冷冻糖食制品及其制造方法 |
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1995
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