CN117306263B - 一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117306263B CN117306263B CN202311349182.9A CN202311349182A CN117306263B CN 117306263 B CN117306263 B CN 117306263B CN 202311349182 A CN202311349182 A CN 202311349182A CN 117306263 B CN117306263 B CN 117306263B
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Abstract
本发明属于功能纺织纤维材料技术领域,公开了一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被及其制备方法。所述制备方法为:将远红外粉、负离子粉及抗菌粉与纤维基材经熔融共混纺丝或溶液共混纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维;将所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后梳理成网,然后采用改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂进行柔软整理,将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被。本发明通过采用特定改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂对远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维材料进行柔软整理,经织造成型所得健康被具有显著改善的柔软蓬松特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能纺织纤维材料技术领域,具体涉及一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被及其制备方法。
背景技术
远红外纤维纺织品是指在常温下具有吸收和发射远红外线功能的纺织品,远红外纤维是近年来受到广泛关注并已投入生产使用的新型纤维,是一种积极高效的保温材料,同时辐射的远红外线还具有活化细胞组织、促进血液循环及抑菌防臭的功效。负离子纤维是一种具有负离子释放功能的纤维,由该纤维所释放产生的负离子对改善空气质量、环境具有明显的作用,特别是负离子对人体的保健作用,已越来越多为人们所接受。抗菌纤维面料具有良好的抗菌作用,能够消除因细菌而产生的异味,使织物保持整洁,同时避免细菌的繁殖能够起到降低再次传播的风险。
因上述健康保健功效越来越受到人们的喜爱,具有相应功能的纤维材料及纺织产品也越来越多。如专利CN 115897239 A公开了一种持久释放负离子发射远红外保暖纤维,利用负离子添加剂、分散溶剂和非离子表面活性剂制备负离子功能乳液;再将所述负离子功能乳液与聚丙烯腈纺丝液共混,制备负离子聚丙烯腈纺丝液;最后将所述负离子聚丙烯腈纺丝液喷至化学纤维表面,干燥后制得持久释放负离子发射远红外保暖纤维。该现有技术采用溶剂共混法制备,需要采用大量的有机溶剂,环保性较差。专利CN 114921872 A公开了一种多功能纤维,包括以下组分:太赫兹功能母粒10-15份、多功能纳米粉5-30份、氨纶切片15-45份、聚酯纤维10-20份和恒温纤维15-30份;所述太赫兹母粒由太赫兹矿物材料、载体和助剂制备得到。能够实现负离子、远红外、抗菌防螨、磁性、除甲醛、除异味、防霉等功能。
上述多功能纤维材料的制备原理一般是将具有相应功能的无机材料通过物理共混的方式与纺丝基材相结合,通过熔融或者湿法纺丝的方式制备。而无机功能材料的加入往往会导致相应纺织材料柔软性、蓬松度以及手感的变差。因此在采用上述功能纤维材料来制备不同的纺织产品如被子等产品时,往往需要进行相应的后整理工序来改善其使用感受。
有机硅柔软剂是织物柔软整理常用的功能助剂,能够赋予织物手感柔软、滑爽、丰满,并具有良好的悬垂性和蓬松性。最广泛应用的有机硅柔软剂为氨基硅油乳液柔软剂,但常规氨基硅油乳液柔软剂存在亲水性较差,使用过程中易出现破乳漂油现象。同时大量伯氨基的存在导致整理后的织物易产生黄变。通过相应结构改性可以克服上述缺陷并保持良好的柔软整理效果。如专利CN 109988313 A公开了一种聚醚氨基硅油共聚物柔软整理剂的制备方法,由端环氧基的聚硅氧烷、聚醚胺、交联单体等反应制得,其中的交联单体采用多官能团的八氨基笼形倍半硅氧烷,因此制得的聚醚氨基硅油共聚物具有体型交联结构,由上述聚醚氨基硅油共聚物制得的柔软整理剂可赋予织物厚实挺括、爽滑的手感风格。然而该现有技术采用的原料多官能团的八氨基笼形倍半硅氧烷不易获得,成本较高,产业化困难。同时该共聚物在主链引入了大量的聚醚胺结构,导致相应聚硅氧烷链的柔软整理效果降低。专利CN 114016297A公开了一种低黄变亲水硅油乳液,包括低黄变亲水硅油、咪唑啉环长链不饱和脂肪酸季铵盐阳离子柔软片、溶剂、醋酸和去离子水。通过咪唑啉型嵌段聚醚氨基硅油提供优异平滑手感,咪唑啉季铵盐阳离子柔软片改善相容性。该现有技术采用的低黄变亲水硅油是在聚硅氧烷主链两端引入亲水聚醚链,影响其柔软整理效果,同时极性的胺基和羟基只分布于聚硅氧烷主链两端,与纤维基材的结合力较弱,其效果的持久性有待改善。专利CN 116219756A公开了一种棉用无黄变松软高稳定性柔软剂,利用双环氧基封端的聚醚中的环氧基与氨基硅油进行氨解开环反应,在氨基硅油的氨基上引入含有环氧基的聚醚链段,再利用引入的环氧基与十二烷基二甲基叔胺进行氨基反应,得到季铵盐,制备得到最终的改性硅油。该现有技术对氨基硅油上的伯氨基进行改性后,减少了活泼氢,有效改善氨基硅油的黄变;由于引入了聚醚链段,可以提高硅油的亲水性,使之易于乳化。然而其为了增加胺基位阻采用长碳链的十二烷基二甲基叔胺进行季铵化反应,虽然可以有效降低黄变,但对柔软效果存在不利影响;同时其阳离子特性对于乳化体系的选择受限。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法。本发明通过采用特定改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂对远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维材料进行柔软整理,经织造成型所得健康被具有显著改善的柔软蓬松特性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种采用上述方法制备得到的远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维的制备:
将远红外粉、负离子粉及抗菌粉与纤维基材经熔融共混纺丝或溶液共混纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维;
(2)柔软整理成型:
将步骤(1)所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后梳理成网,然后采用改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂进行柔软整理,将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被;
所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂包括改性氨基硅油、乳化剂和水;其中改性氨基硅油通过如下方法制备得到:
将含氢环硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚加入到醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,氮气保护下升温至70~90℃,然后加入氯铂酸催化剂搅拌反应至烯基反应完全,得到环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷;再降温至30~60℃,加入氨基硅油继续搅拌反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到改性氨基硅油。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述远红外粉优选为远红外陶瓷粉;所述负离子粉优选为电气石负离子粉;所述抗菌粉优选为氧化银粉或氧化锌粉;所述远红外粉、负离子粉及抗菌粉的粒径范围优选为0.01~1μm。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述纤维基材为聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、纤维素、聚乳酸、壳聚糖、粘胶、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述含氢环硅氧烷为2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷或2,4,6,8,10-五甲基环五硅氧烷。
进一步地,所述活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚的平均分子量优选为400~1200。
进一步地,所述含氢环硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚的摩尔比优选为1:2.5~5。
进一步地,所述氨基硅油优选为氨值为0.3~1.0,25℃粘度为500~8000mPa·s的氨基硅油;氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷摩尔含量的2~5倍。
进一步地,所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中各组分质量百分含量为:改性氨基硅油5%~25%、乳化剂1%~5%,余量为水。
进一步地,所述乳化剂为非离子乳化剂与阴离子乳化剂中的一种或两种的组合;如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、烷基苯磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯盐中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述柔软整理过程为:将纤维绵网加入到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中常温浸轧处理,然后在80~100℃烘干,140~180℃定形,得到柔软整理后的纤维绵网。
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被,通过上述方法制备得到。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明采用改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂对远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维材料进行柔软整理,可以改善因无机功能材料(如无机远红外、负离子、抗菌等材料)所导致的纤维材料或纺织产品柔软性及手感变差的缺陷。
(2)本发明的改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂采用环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷对氨基硅油进行交联反应,不影响氨基硅油的柔软整理效果;通过聚醚链段增强亲水性,所得柔软整理剂乳化稳定;通过环硅氧烷的位阻效应改善胺基的抗黄变性,同时环硅氧烷的引入进一步增强了柔软整理效果。
(3)本发明的改性氨基硅油可通过含氢环硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚的摩尔比及环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷与氨基硅油的摩尔比灵活调节交联程度,其柔软整理性能灵活可调。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维的制备:
将远红外陶瓷粉、电气石负离子粉及抗菌氧化锌粉与聚酯切片按质量比为2.5:2.5:2:93加入到挤出机中经熔融共混纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维。
(2)柔软整理成型:
将步骤(1)所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后送至梳理机梳理成网,将所得纤维绵网加入到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中常温浸轧处理,浸渍时间为2h,一浸一轧,轧液率80%,然后在85~90℃烘干,160~170℃定形,得到柔软整理后的纤维绵网。将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被。
本实施例所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)改性氨基硅油的制备:将2,4,6,8,10-五甲基环五硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚(市购,平均分子量为550,环氧值≥1.5eq/1000g,双键含量1.85mmol/g)按摩尔比为1:4加入到乙醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,氮气保护下升温至75~80℃,然后加入氯铂酸催化剂搅拌反应3h至烯基反应完全,得到环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷;再降温至50~55℃,加入氨基硅油(市购,氨值为0.65,25℃粘度为2000mPa·s)继续搅拌反应,氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷摩尔含量的4倍,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油。
2)柔软整理剂的制备:
取15重量份步骤1)所得聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油与3重量份乳化剂AEO-12搅拌混合均匀,然后加入82重量份的去离子水搅拌混合后均质至透明微乳液状,得到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂。
实施例2
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维的制备:
将远红外陶瓷粉、电气石负离子粉及抗菌氧化锌粉加入到腈纶纤维纺丝液中搅拌混合均匀,其中远红外陶瓷粉、电气石负离子粉、抗菌氧化锌粉与腈纶纤维纺丝液中腈纶纤维的质量比为2.5:2.5:2:93,然后通过湿法纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维。
(2)柔软整理成型:
将步骤(1)所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后与植物纤维按质量比为2:1送至梳理机梳理成网,将所得纤维绵网加入到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中常温浸轧处理,浸渍时间为2h,一浸一轧,轧液率80%,然后在85~90℃烘干,160~170℃定形,得到柔软整理后的纤维绵网。将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被。
本实施例所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)改性氨基硅油的制备:将2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚(市购,平均分子量为550,环氧值≥1.5eq/1000g,双键含量1.85mmol/g)按摩尔比为1:3加入到乙醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,氮气保护下升温至75~80℃,然后加入氯铂酸催化剂搅拌反应3h至烯基反应完全,得到环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷;再降温至50~55℃,加入氨基硅油(市购,氨值为0.65,25℃粘度为2000mPa·s)继续搅拌反应,氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷摩尔含量的3倍,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油。
2)柔软整理剂的制备:
取15重量份步骤1)所得聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油与3重量份乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠搅拌混合均匀,然后加入82重量份的去离子水搅拌混合后均质至透明微乳液状,得到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂。
实施例3
一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维的制备:
将远红外陶瓷粉、电气石负离子粉及抗菌氧化锌粉与尼龙6切片按质量比为2.5:2.5:2:93加入到挤出机中经熔融共混纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维。
(2)柔软整理成型:
将步骤(1)所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后与植物纤维按质量比为2:1送至梳理机梳理成网,将所得纤维绵网加入到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中常温浸轧处理,浸渍时间为2h,一浸一轧,轧液率80%,然后在85~90℃烘干,160~170℃定形,得到柔软整理后的纤维绵网。将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被。
本实施例所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)改性氨基硅油的制备:将2,4,6,8,10-五甲基环五硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚(市购,平均分子量为1000,环氧值≥0.8eq/1000g,双键含量1.12mmol/g)按摩尔比为1:3加入到乙醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,氮气保护下升温至75~80℃,然后加入氯铂酸催化剂搅拌反应3h至烯基反应完全,得到环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷;再降温至50~55℃,加入氨基硅油(市购,氨值为0.35,25℃粘度为4000mPa·s)继续搅拌反应,氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷摩尔含量的3倍,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油。
2)柔软整理剂的制备:
取12重量份步骤1)所得聚醚改性环硅氧烷交联改性氨基硅油与3重量份乳化剂AEO-12搅拌混合均匀,然后加入85重量份的去离子水搅拌混合后均质至透明微乳液状,得到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比,远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维未采用改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂进行柔软整理,其余相同。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例1相比,改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂通过如下方法制备得到:
1)改性氨基硅油的制备:将活性双环氧基封端聚醚(市购,平均分子量为550)加入到乙醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,然后升温至50~55℃,加入氨基硅油(市购,氨值为0.65,25℃粘度为2000mPa·s)继续搅拌反应,氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为活性双环氧基封端聚醚摩尔含量的2倍,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到聚醚交联改性氨基硅油。
2)柔软整理剂的制备:
取15重量份步骤1)所得聚醚交联改性氨基硅油与3重量份乳化剂AEO-12经加热搅拌混合均匀,然后加入82重量份的去离子水搅拌混合后均质至透明微乳液状,冷却后得到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂。
其余步骤与实施例1相同。
对以上实施例1及对比例1~2所得产品的手感(用手触摸感受柔软蓬松度,手感最佳为5分,最低为1分,5人同时评价,取平均分)、硬挺度(参考ZB W04003-87《织物挺度测试方法斜面悬臂法》进行测试;硬挺度越小,织物的柔软性越好)、顺滑性(采用摩擦系数仪测定织物静摩擦系数(μs)和动摩擦系数(μd)评价;摩擦系数越低,织物的顺滑性越好)和白度(GB/T 17644-2008)进行测试,结果如下表1所示。
表1
测试样/项目 | 手感评分 | 硬挺度/cm | 静摩擦系数μs | 动摩擦系数μd | 白度W/% |
实施例1 | 5 | 1.45 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 70.2 |
对比例1 | 2.8 | 3.82 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 71.5 |
对比例2 | 4.2 | 2.98 | 0.38 | 0.41 | 61.4 |
通过以上表1中实施例1和对比例1的比较结果可以看出,采用本发明的改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂进行柔软整理,通过手感测试及仪器测试均证明了可以显著改善远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维材料的柔软性、蓬松度和顺滑感。且对织物白度无明显不良影响。通过实施例1和对比例2的比较结果可以看出,单纯的聚醚交联改性氨基硅油其柔软整理效果明显降低,且抗黄变性能降低。说明环硅氧烷的引入进一步显著增强了改性氨基硅油的柔软整理效果和抗黄变效果。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下制备步骤:
(1)远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维的制备:
将远红外粉、负离子粉及抗菌粉与纤维基材经熔融共混纺丝或溶液共混纺丝,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维;
(2)柔软整理成型:
将步骤(1)所得远红外负离子抗菌多功能纤维经开松后梳理成网,然后采用改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂进行柔软整理,将柔软整理后的纤维绵网经多层复合、干燥定型,得到远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被;
所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂包括改性氨基硅油、乳化剂和水;其中改性氨基硅油通过如下方法制备得到:
将含氢环硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚加入到醇溶剂中搅拌溶解均匀,氮气保护下升温至70~90℃,然后加入氯铂酸催化剂搅拌反应至烯基反应完全,得到环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷;再降温至30~60℃,加入氨基硅油继续搅拌反应,反应完成后减压蒸除溶剂,得到改性氨基硅油;
所述含氢环硅氧烷为2,4,6,8-四甲基环四硅氧烷或2,4,6,8,10-五甲基环五硅氧烷;所述活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚的平均分子量为400~1200;所述含氢环硅氧烷和活性烯丙基环氧基封端聚醚的摩尔比为1:2.5~5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述远红外粉为远红外陶瓷粉;所述负离子粉为电气石负离子粉;所述抗菌粉为氧化银粉或氧化锌粉;所述远红外粉、负离子粉及抗菌粉的粒径范围为0.01~1μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述纤维基材为聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、纤维素、聚乳酸、壳聚糖、粘胶、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨基硅油为氨值为0.3~1.0,25℃粘度为500~8000mPa·s的氨基硅油;氨基硅油的加入量以氨基的摩尔含量计,为环氧基聚醚改性环硅氧烷摩尔含量的2~5倍。
5.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,所述改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中各组分质量百分含量为:改性氨基硅油5%~25%、乳化剂1%~5%,余量为水。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳化剂为非离子乳化剂与阴离子乳化剂中的一种或两种的组合;所述非离子乳化剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚或烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚;所述阴离子乳化剂为烷基苯磺酸盐或脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯盐。
7.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被的制备方法,其特征在于,所述柔软整理过程为:将纤维绵网加入到改性氨基硅油乳液柔软整理剂中常温浸轧处理,然后在80~100℃烘干,140~180℃定形,得到柔软整理后的纤维绵网。
8.一种远红外负离子抗菌多功能健康被,其特征在于,通过权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法制备得到。
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