CN117304105A - 一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117304105A CN117304105A CN202311048450.3A CN202311048450A CN117304105A CN 117304105 A CN117304105 A CN 117304105A CN 202311048450 A CN202311048450 A CN 202311048450A CN 117304105 A CN117304105 A CN 117304105A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D217/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P‑gp)的化合物及制备方法和应用,属于生物医药技术领域。本发明共设计并合成了6个ABCB1(P‑gp)抑制剂,生物活性评价揭示这些化合物能够有效逆转ABCB1(P‑gp)高表达引起的细胞耐药,并且细胞水平的毒性较第一代P‑gp抑制剂维拉帕米(Verapamil)和第三代P‑gp抑制剂(WK‑X‑34)低,对增强肿瘤药物或者抗生素的疗效具有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
化疗仍然是治疗癌症患者的有效方法,然而大多数最初对化疗有反应的患者最终会产生耐药性。其中,多药耐药(MDR)以对分子结构、细胞内靶点和药理作用不同的药物产生交叉耐药为特征,已成为肿瘤化疗失败的主要原因之一。人们提出了多种机制来解释耐药性,包括谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、细胞色素P4501B1(CYP1B1)以及信号转导子和转录激活子3(STAT3)的异常表达,但ATP结合盒(ABC)转运蛋白的过度表达被广泛认为是MDR表型的关键原因,其中P-糖蛋白(P-gp、ABCB1)是最突出的一个。P-糖蛋白由位于染色体7q21上的MDR1基因编码,可以将广谱化疗药物(如紫杉醇、顺铂和阿霉素)泵出癌细胞,导致细胞内药物水平下降,从而减弱治疗效果。从结构上看,P-gp是一种170kDa的质膜糖蛋白,由1280个氨基酸组成,有两个假对称的半部,每个半部都有一个长跨膜结构域(TMD,六个跨膜片段)和一个细胞质核苷酸结合结构域(NBD)。TMD主要参与底物识别和运输,而NBD负责ATP水解的能量生成步骤,以诱导TMD发生构象变化,从而将底物排出细胞。
P-gp通常分布在正常和健康组织中,包括小肠、胆管、肾近曲小管和血脑屏障内皮细胞中的上皮细胞;然而,它在多种多重耐药恶性癌细胞中过度表达。鉴于ABCB1转运蛋白在临床肿瘤学中的重要性,P-gp抑制剂或化疗增敏剂作为MDR逆转剂已被广泛研究。近三十年来,经过广泛的努力,已开发出三代P-gp抑制剂:(1)第一代P-gp抑制剂包括维拉帕米(VRP)、环孢素A、利血平、奎尼丁和他莫昔芬,虽然它们的临床使用受到低亲和力和有效抑制P-gp所需剂量的高毒性的限制;(2)第一代P-gp抑制剂的结构修饰导致了第二代P-gp抑制剂的发现,包括(R)-维拉帕米、valspodar(PSC 833)和柠檬酸比立考达(VX-710),对P-gp的亲和力明显更高,但它们表现出不可预测的临床问题药代动力学相互作用;(3)通过定量构效关系分析和组合化学获得了第三代P-gp抑制剂(如tariquidar、zosuquidar、laniquidar和elacridar),它们也表现出较高的选择性和效价,但临床疗效仍较差。由于反应不佳或意外的毒副作用,非常有限,据我们所知,目前尚无P-gp抑制剂获批临床应用。因此,设计和开发具有改进的效力和耐受性的新型P-gp抑制剂至关重要。
利用ABCB1(P-gp)蛋白是一个疏水性蛋白,含有大量疏水性氨基酸的特性,并且结合口袋较大,因此我们引入了较大疏水性官能团来占据ABCB1(P-gp)的活性口袋来增加疏水性相互作用和结合亲和力来达到提高ABCB1(P-gp)的抑制活性的目的。
发明内容
针对上述背景中存在的问题,本发明设计的目的在于提供一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物及制备方法和应用,本发明的化合物能够有效抑制ABCB1(P-gp)蛋白,从而逆转肿瘤细胞耐药。
为实现以上发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供式(Ⅰ)所示一种金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或其药理或生理上可接受的盐:
其中:
Linker为连接基团,表示-亚烷基或-烷氧基或-哌嗪基或-1,2,3-三氮唑基,所述-亚烷基或-烷氧基或-哌嗪基选自以下基团中任一个或它们的任意组合,其中,m和n表示1至20的自然数:
-(CH2)n-或-(CH2)n-C(O)NH(CH2CH2O)m-或-(CH2)n-NHC(O)(CH2)m-或-(CH2CH2O)n-C(O)NH(CH2CH2O)m-或
进一步的,本发明提供的化合物,其为如下所示化合物或其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上或生理学可接受的盐或前药;
本发明所述药理或生理上可接受的盐是指,本发明所述的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂与药理或生理上可接受的酸或碱生成的盐。
本发明还提出一种药物组合物,所述的药物组合物包括所述的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或其立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、氮氧化物、水合物、溶剂化物、代谢产物、药学上可接受的盐或前药。
所述的药物组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、辅剂、媒介物或其组合。
所述药物组合物为注射剂、口服剂、黏膜给药剂。
本发明还提供了金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或包含该化合物的药物组合物的应用。具体如下:
所述的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或包含该化合物的药物组合物在逆转抗肿瘤药物(化疗药物、靶向药物以及ADC药物)以及抗生素的耐药方面的应用。
所述的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或包含该化合物的药物组合物在制备治疗ABCB1(P-gp)高表达引起的耐药方面的应用。ABCB1(P-gp)高表达相关疾病为肿瘤、以及微生物引发的感染性疾病。
所述的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或包含该化合物的药物组合物在逆转肿瘤细胞耐药以及细菌耐药中的应用。
所述肿瘤为胃癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠腺癌、肾透明细胞癌、肺腺癌、前列腺癌、直肠腺癌、甲状腺癌以及子宫内膜癌中的任一种。进一步的,所述肿瘤细胞耐药和细菌耐药为ABCB1(P-gp)高表达引起。
本发明还提出了通式所示的金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂的合成路线,具体包括如下步骤:
通式所示的四氢异喹啉类骨架的制备,通过酰胺缩合等多个反应类型与金刚烷官能团偶联,合成路线为:
与现有技术比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:
与第一代ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂相比,本发明涉及的化合物能够明显逆转肿瘤细胞耐药;与第三代ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂相比,提高了逆转肿瘤细胞耐药的效率,并且相比于第三代抑制剂,其细胞毒性也有明显下降。
附图说明
图1为化合物DJYPGP-1~DJYPGP-6的合成路线图;
图2为化合物细胞毒性初步评估。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图对本发明做进一步说明,以便更好地理解本技术方案。
下述各实施例中所使用的技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。基础原料试剂从商业途径获得,纯度均在97%及以上。本发明所述室温为25-30℃。本发明对试验中所用到的材料以及实验方法进行一般性和具体性的描述。
实施例1:金刚烷类ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂的合成与结构确认终产物DJYPGP-1~DJYPGP-6的合成路线,如图1所示。
中间体3的合成:
4-硝基苯乙基溴(1,5.5g,23.94mmol)、6,7-二甲氧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉盐酸盐(2,5.0g,21.77mmol)和碳酸钾(7.52g,54.42mmol)溶解于100mL乙腈中,加热回流12h。反应完成后,降温至室温,过滤有黄色固体沉淀,得5.2g中间体3,无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
中间体4的合成:
将6,7-二甲氧基-2-(4-硝基苯乙基)-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(3,2.4g,7mmol)溶解在EtOH(10mL)中。然后将锌粉(4.6g,70mmol)和饱和氯化铵10mL添加到该溶液中。将系统在80℃下回流8小时,TLC检测原料3完全消耗,此时通过添加10%氢氧化钠水溶液将反应混合物碱化(pH 8)。将所得混合物通过硅藻土垫过滤并用DCM洗涤。收集有机层,减压除去溶剂,得到目标化合物4,为浅橙色固体。按照化合物4的制备方法,得到中间体6和PID-2~3。
中间体5的合成
将4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯胺(4,0.92g,2mmol)添加到含有5mL DCM、2-硝基苯甲酰氯(444mg,2.4mmol)和三乙胺(1mL)的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。反应完全后,将反应液用水稀释,用DCM萃取3次,用盐水洗涤,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤,浓缩。所得残余物用柱色谱法纯化。按照化合物5的制备方法,得到中间体7和PID-1以及终产物DJYPGP-4~6。
酰胺缩合的通法:向含羧酸中间体(1.2倍当量)在DCM中的搅拌溶液中添加HATU(1.2倍当量)、DIPEA(6倍当量)和含氨基中间体(1.2倍当量),并且将反应混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。将反应溶液用水稀释,用DCM萃取3次,用盐水洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并浓缩。所得残余物用柱色谱法纯化。终产物DJYPGP-1~3按照此法合成。
中间体8的合成
向4-((2-((4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯的溶液(将PID-1,1.2g,2mmol)的10mL EtOH溶液加入20%NaOH水溶液中。将混合物在80℃搅拌8小时。反应完成后,将反应混合物用6N HCl酸化至pH 4-5,过滤收集固体,其无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
中间体10的合成
将化合物9溶解于DCM中,将TFA添加至反应混合物中,并将体系在室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,将反应混合物减压浓缩。残余物无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。
终产物表征数据如下:
2-(2-(金刚烷-1-基)乙酰胺基)-N-(4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)苯甲酰胺(DJYPGP-1)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.46(s,1H),8.63(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),8.35(dt,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.53–7.42(m,3H),7.26(ddd,J=8.6,7.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.20–7.14(m,2H),6.92(qd,J=7.5,7.0,1.2Hz,1H),6.52(s,1H),6.46(s,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.74(s,3H),3.59(s,2H),2.90–2.63(m,9H),1.99(s,2H),1.94–1.84(m,3H),1.65–1.57(m,8H),1.52(d,J=3.5Hz,3H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ169.38,166.41,146.47,146.15,137.82,136.06,134.64,131.23,128.34,126.19,125.26,125.00,121.74,120.61,120.54,120.14,110.26,108.39,59.01,54.85,54.81,54.56,52.36,49.94,41.46,35.68,32.35,32.27,27.59,27.53.
2-(3-(2-(金刚烷-1-基)乙酰胺基)丙酰胺基)-N-(4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)苯甲酰胺(DJYPGP-2)1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.60(s,1H),10.37(s,1H),8.20(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.81–7.72(m,2H),7.63(s,1H),7.61(s,1H),7.51(td,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.47–7.29(m,1H),7.26–7.22(m,2H),6.66(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),6.64(s,1H),3.70(d,J=2.6Hz,3H),3.70(s,3H),3.56(s,2H),3.30(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.75–2.64(m,7H),2.47(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),1.78(d,J=15.9Hz,4H),1.57(dd,J=11.6,3.3Hz,4H),1.51–1.43(m,10H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ170.53,169.95,167.27,147.58,147.33,138.35,137.07,136.65,132.08,130.25,129.23,129.11,126.95,126.30,123.57,122.04,121.23,112.16,110.36,60.02,55.92,55.89,55.49,51.02,50.46,42.47,37.69,36.84,35.54,32.86,32.52,28.69,28.47.
N-(2-((4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯基)金刚烷-1-甲酰胺(DJYPGP-3)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.68(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),8.31(dd,J=8.4,1.1Hz,1H),7.60–7.54(m,2H),7.42(dd,J=7.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.28–7.16(m,3H),6.91(td,J=7.6,1.2Hz,1H),6.53(s,1H),6.47(s,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.76(s,3H),3.62(s,2H),2.87(dd,J=10.1,5.9Hz,2H),2.76(ddt,J=16.1,11.1,5.4Hz,6H),2.07–1.99(m,3H),1.90(d,J=3.0Hz,6H),1.68(t,J=3.1Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.53,166.17,146.56,146.23,138.13,135.61,135.02,134.99,130.98,128.31,126.14,124.89,121.76,121.19,121.07,119.80,110.28,108.40,59.40,58.85,54.89,54.85,54.43,49.86,40.84,38.02,35.44,32.24,27.11.
2-(4-(2-(金刚烷-1-基)乙酰胺基)苯甲酰胺基)-N-(4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)苯甲酰胺(DJYPGP-4)1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.67(s,1H),10.52(s,1H),10.11(s,1H),8.48(dd,J=8.3,1.1Hz,1H),7.92(dd,J=7.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.79–7.71(m,2H),7.70–7.56(m,3H),7.28(t,J=7.7Hz,3H),6.73(d,J=12.3Hz,2H),3.72(s,3H),3.72(s,3H),2.94(s,2H),2.86(s,2H),2.10(s,2H),1.97–1.88(m,5H),1.71–1.62(m,10H),1.62–1.56(m,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ170.34,167.87,164.62,148.11,147.66,142.97,139.22,137.11,135.37,132.75,129.75,129.41,129.34,129.02,128.42,125.16,123.66,123.06,121.79,121.70,119.17,112.03,110.21,55.96,55.92,51.31,50.49,48.90,42.46,42.24,36.81,36.75,33.28,28.47,28.41.
2-(4-(4-(2-((1S,3s)-金刚烷-1-基)乙酰基)哌嗪-1-羰基)苯甲酰胺基)-N-(4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)苯甲酰胺(DJYPGP-5)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.82(s,1H),8.63(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.98(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.59(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.43(dd,J=7.5,5.3Hz,3H),7.22(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.04–6.97(m,1H),6.54(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),6.48(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),3.78(d,J=1.8Hz,3H),3.77(s,3H),3.72(s,2H),3.63(d,J=4.1Hz,3H),3.57(d,J=15.3Hz,2H),3.38(d,J=37.7Hz,3H),2.90(q,J=4.9,4.4Hz,2H),2.82–2.74(m,6H),2.12(s,2H),1.91(s,9H),1.64(d,J=12.5Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ166.54,163.70,146.64,146.29,138.50,136.15,134.41,131.86,128.97,128.44,126.79,126.50,126.11,125.93,124.75,122.26,120.86,120.24,110.28,108.38,58.72,54.91,54.87,54.36,49.85,45.01,41.83,35.67,32.73,32.17,28.68,27.61,27.23.
N1-(2-(2-((1S,3s)-金刚烷-1-基)乙酰胺基)乙基)-N4-(2-((4-(2-(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉)-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯基)氨基甲酰基)苯基)对苯二甲酰胺(DJYPGP-6)1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ11.75(s,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.50(dd,J=8.4,1.1Hz,1H),7.94(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.87(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.75(q,J=3.5,2.4Hz,1H),7.62–7.56(m,2H),7.53(dd,J=8.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.30(ddd,J=8.6,7.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.21(s,1H),7.19(s,1H),6.92–6.85(m,1H),6.53(s,1H),6.46(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.38(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.75(s,3H),3.60(s,2H),3.49–3.43(m,2H),3.43–3.36(m,2H),2.86(dd,J=10.2,5.8Hz,2H),2.80–2.71(m,6H),1.86(s,2H),1.78(t,J=3.2Hz,3H),1.55–1.38(m,12H).13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ173.43,167.63,167.25,165.11,147.70,147.37,139.14,137.17,137.08,135.90,132.56,129.49,127.78,127.71,127.57,126.14,126.04,125.24,123.41,121.99,121.95,121.17,111.44,109.55,60.06,56.04,56.00,51.67,51.05,42.71,42.12,39.47,36.72,33.41,32.92,28.63,28.54,22.78。
实施例2:逆转肿瘤细胞耐药效应测定
联合阿霉素(DOX)分别测定在SW620细胞和耐药的SW620/AD300中的抗细胞增殖活性测定:采用CCK8法评估阿霉素与所有目标化合物(5μM)分别在SW620细胞和耐药的SW620/AD300(ABCB1/P-gp高表达)的抗细胞增殖的IC50。简单来说,将细胞以5×103个细胞/孔的细胞密度接种于96孔板中24小时。然后,用不同浓度的阿霉素处理细胞48h。实验组加入5μM合成的ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂以及市售的第一代P-gp抑制剂维拉帕米(Verapamil)和第三代P-gp抑制剂(WK-X-34),阴性对照组只加入相应的阿霉素。随后,在每孔中加入10μL CCK8溶液,培养1.5h后,使用酶标仪(TECAN)检测450nm处的吸光度。吸光度值转化为抑制率后,用Graphpad Prism5计算IC50值。结果如表1所示:
表1逆转肿瘤细胞耐药效应评价
从表1中可以看出化合物DJYPGP-5具有明显的逆转肿瘤细胞耐药的能力,其逆转指数为78.6,明显高于第一代P-gp抑制剂维拉帕米(RF=10.1)。同时,该化合物的逆转效应也较第三代P-gp抑制剂(WK-X-34)增强(RF=45.9)。更重要的是,该化合物表现出的细胞毒性较WK-X-34低,因为WK-X-34与阿霉素联用明显降低了野生型的SW620细胞的阿霉素IC50值,而化合物DJYPGP-5对野生型的SW620细胞的阿霉素IC50值影响较小,表明了WK-X-34有较强的细胞毒性。此外,我们也可以看出在一定范围内,提高化合物的ClogP值有助于提高化合物逆转ABCB1(P-gp)介导的耐药效应。
实施例3:细胞毒性检测
为了再次确定化合物对细胞毒性的影响,我们选择了另外一株耐药的胃癌细胞株-MKN45/R利用MTT法来检测化合物在5μM下的抑制率。基本操作与实施例2基本相似,结果如图2所示,从图2可以看出:所合成的ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂细胞毒性均较阳性对照化合物维拉帕米和WK-X-34低,尤其是化合物DJYPGP-1和DJYPGP-4-6。
Claims (10)
1.一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物为式(Ⅰ)所示的金刚烷偶联的四氢异喹啉类化合物或其药理或生理上可接受的盐,
式(Ⅰ)中,Linker为连接基团,表示-亚烷基或-烷氧基或-哌嗪基或-1,2,3-三氮唑基,所述-亚烷基或-烷氧基或-哌嗪基选自以下基团中任一个或它们的任意组合,其中,m和n表示1至20的自然数:
-(CH2)n-或-(CH2)n-C(O)NH(CH2CH2O)m-或-(CH2)n-NHC(O)(CH2)m-或-(CH2CH2O)n-C(O)NH(CH2CH2O)m-或
2.如权利要求1所述的一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物,其特征在于该化合物为以下DJYPGP-1~DJYPGP-6中的任一种:
3.一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于该类化合物的合成路线为:
4.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,该药物组合物包括权利要求1-2任一项所述的一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物或其药理或生理上可接受的盐,以及药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂、稀释剂、辅剂、媒介物或其组合。
5.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物或其药理或生理上可接受的盐或权利要求4所述的药物组合物在制备ABCB1(P-gp)抑制剂或降解剂药物中的应用。
6.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物或其药理或生理上可接受的盐或权利要求4所述的药物组合物在治疗ABCB1(P-gp)耐药相关性疾病药物中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述ABCB1(P-gp)相关疾病为肿瘤以及微生物感染性疾病。
8.一种权利要求1-2任一项所述的一种靶向抑制ABCB1(P-gp)的化合物或其药理或生理上可接受的盐或权利要求4所述的药物组合物在逆转肿瘤药物耐药或者抗菌药物耐药中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,所述肿瘤药物中肿瘤是指胃癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、结肠腺癌、肾嫌色细胞、肾透明细胞癌、肺腺癌、前列腺癌、直肠腺癌、甲状腺癌以及子宫内膜癌中的任一种;所述抗菌药物是指由细菌感染药物,所述细菌包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤或感染为ABCB1(P-gp)高表达引发的耐药。
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