CN117281868B - 一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物及其制备方法和用途，属于中兽药领域。该中兽药组合物是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成：黄芪4‑6份、白术2‑4份、黄芩2‑4份、黄精4‑6份、麦冬3‑5份、女贞子4‑6份、吴茱萸2‑4份、五味子1‑3份、炙甘草1‑2份。本发明还提供了该中兽药组合物的制备方法和用途。本发明中兽药组合物，能应对各种原因诱发的繁殖障碍，特别是传染性因素和过劳诱发的繁殖损伤，且加工工艺简单，原料易得，且方便使用，成本低，适于规模化猪场使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物及其制备方法和用途，属中兽药领域。
背景技术
母猪繁殖障碍是母猪在生育年龄期间无法正常发情或发情延迟、受胎率下降或妊娠期间突然流产、产死胎、产弱仔胎或木乃伊胎等。引发母猪繁殖障碍的原因很多，主要包括先天遗传（基因突变）、母猪个体机能性繁殖障碍（由于过度繁殖诱发过劳）、后天营养和疾病性繁殖障碍（如蓝耳病、伪狂犬、乙型脑炎等）等。母猪出现繁殖障碍症状后到生育年龄会出现不发情、不孕、早产、流产等情况。规模化养殖过程中，由于生理因素、环境、遗传背景、疾病等多种原因，母猪经常出现发情异常、屡配不孕、流产死胎和弱仔等繁殖障碍，又称母猪繁殖障碍综合征(SRDS)，严重影响了养殖业的可持续发展和经济效益（何晨鹏等. 母猪繁殖障碍综合征的主要发病原因及机制研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(8):3139-3151.）。目前，猪繁殖障碍综合征是困扰猪养殖业发展的重大疾病，对养殖户和养殖企业造成了巨大的经济损失，严重影响了养殖业的健康发展。
目前，传染性因素和过劳是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要原因，目前除了针对病原进行治疗，缺乏对本已受损的机体和过劳状态进行调理。母猪繁殖障碍综合征原因多种多样、纷繁复杂，有疾病因素、营养因素、环境因素、遗传繁育因素，甚至还有饲养管理因素等等。中兽医学与中医学一脉相承，其对生命有机体生殖繁衍有着系统而完整的认识。中（兽）医学认为，生命有机体的生殖活动以肾为中枢，以精、血为物质基础，以气血正常运行为保证。按中兽医辨证理论，母猪繁殖障碍综合征主要是由于疫毒内侵、正气受损致猪体脾肾双虚、精气不足、冲任脉虚、气滞血瘀，故表现发情、胎产异常及全身损害。其基本证型表现为正气不足、精亏血虚与经血不调、血脉瘀阻两大类。正气不足、精亏血虚，则冲任不足，胎元失养，故母猪表现不发情、假发情、屡配不孕，流产、弱仔、死胎，生产无力、产程长，奶水不足、奶液稀薄，甚而蹄裂、消瘦等症；气滞血瘀、经血不调，气血津液不得输布， 六淫疫疠内蕴为热毒、外泄为毒火，则母猪表现便秘、尿黄、泪斑、皮肤红疹、皮毛焦躁，不食甚至拒食，发情紊乱，子宫内膜炎、乳房炎、无乳，断奶不发情，生产效率低下，甚而突然死亡等病候。而这两类证型常同时或交叉出现，难以截然分开，所以就形成了临床表现复杂多样的繁殖障碍（汪德刚，等，中兽医学对母猪繁殖障碍综合征的认识与防治，中兽医，中国动物保健 2015年（第17 卷）第 3期）。
由于母猪繁殖障碍的病因、病机复杂，治法也各不相同，如许美解，等，中草药方剂预防母猪繁殖障碍性疫病的研究，湖南生态科学学报，2016年6月第 3 卷第 2 期，研究中草药方剂预防母猪繁殖障碍性疫病的确切效果，其配方组成是：配方一：淫羊藿、益母草、阳起石、菟丝子、肉苁蓉、当归、黄芩、川芎、蒲公英、杜仲、熟地、玄参、甘草；配方二：淫羊藿、益母草、巴戟天、补骨脂、肉苁蓉、忍冬藤、菟丝子、杜仲、枸杞、党参、黄芪、熟地、甘草。CN201210075553.4，发明名称：用于改善妊娠母猪繁殖性能的中药组合物，涉及用于改善妊娠母猪繁殖性能的中药组合物，所述中药组合物由以下成分组成：黄芪15-18重量份，党参10-12重量份，白术10-13重量份，黄芩10-13重量份，蒲公英9-12重量份，木香5-7重量份，香附3-5重量份，银花3-5重量份，连翘3-6重量份。用于调节妊娠母猪内分泌功能、清热养阴和增强抗病力从而改善妊娠母猪的繁殖性能。CN201010274463.9，发明名称：一种促情助孕的畜用中药组合物，一种促情助孕的畜用中药组合物,属于兽药技术领域,主要包括下述重量份的中药材：枸杞子12～18份、女贞子20～36份、续断12～18份、当归8～12份、狗脊15～25份、巴戟天8～15份、淫羊藿15～25份、炒杜仲8～15份、炒菟丝子20～36份、川芎12～18份、熟地黄12～18份。该中药组合物从动物机体的根本—肾上进行调理，可以较好的改变母畜不孕症的恶性循环，对牛、羊、驴、猪等母畜的幼稚型不孕症、发情不稳、经线清稀、屡配不孕等症均有较好的疗效。现有技术主要针对特定的病因，对症治疗，不能完全满足兽医领域的需求。此外，目前公开的技术多以补肾、强肾为治疗目标，通过增强肾气提高配种能力，未考虑到动物传染性疾病发生时对机体正气的损伤。
发明内容
针对目前母猪由于传染性和非传染性因素诱发的繁殖障碍，本发明通过中兽药辨证论治，提出了一种绿色的中兽药物组合物。本发明的另一技术方案是提供了该中兽药组合物的制备方法和用途。
本发明提供了一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物，它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成：
黄芪4-6份、白术2-4份、黄芩2-4份、黄精4-6份、麦冬3-5份、女贞子4-6份、吴茱萸2-4份、五味子1-3份、炙甘草1-2份。
进一步优选地，它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成：
黄芪5份、白术3份、黄芩3份、黄精5份、麦冬4份、女贞子5份、吴茱萸3份、五味子2份、炙甘草1份。
本发明中兽药组合物是由所述的原料药的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分，加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
其中，所述的制剂是散剂、颗粒剂、汤剂。
本发明还提供了一种制备所述的中兽药组合物的方法，它包括如下步骤：
a、称取各重量配比的原料药；
b、打粉，或加水或有机溶剂提取，加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
其中，所述的打粉方法为：置于超微粉设备中，粉碎至粒径为300-500目。
本发明还提供了所述的中兽药组合物在制备防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药中的用途。
其中，所述的中兽药是具有健脾补肾，肝脾肾同调功能的中兽药。
其中，所述的中兽药是用于治疗母猪传染病、应激、过劳引起的肝脾不和，肝肾亏虚而诱发的繁殖性障碍病。
其中，所述的中兽药是治疗母猪配种困难、易流产、木乃伊胎的中兽药。
母猪繁殖障碍一般表现为几个方面：后备母猪应该发情阶段迟迟不发情；初产和经产母猪断奶后存在发情间隔延长或不发情的情况；母猪配种失败；母猪妊娠期间存在胚胎死亡、流产、产弱胎、木乃伊或死胎等情况；母猪产后泌乳不足甚至无乳。规模化养殖场母猪存在繁殖频率较高、应激状态、长期情志不畅，易导致母猪出现肾气虚弱，冲任不固，肝气不舒，脾虚乏力，胞宫不固，易发生繁殖障碍。
本发明中兽药组方中黄芪，健脾补气，辅以白术提升健脾效果，再辅以黄芩共使安胎之效，黄芪、白术、黄芩共为君药；黄精润肺滋肾，麦冬滋补阴液，女贞子滋补肝肾，吴茱萸开郁化滞，五味子养阴固精，几味药共使滋阴、散结、补肾的作用，黄精、麦冬、女贞子、吴茱萸、五味子共为臣药；炙甘草益气和中，调和诸药；诸药配伍可达健脾补肾、肝脾肾同调之效，能使母猪气血旺盛，冲任安固，维持高水平的繁殖性能。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明中兽药原料配伍充分考虑肝、脾、肺、肾在中兽医理论中的协同关系，通过补益肾气，培补脾气，平衡肝气，解除母猪的繁殖疲劳，增强对传染性疾病的抵抗能力，提高恢复水平，达到高效的繁殖状态。本发明原料中所选药材都有一定的种植规模，因此价格平稳，保证了药物的低成本持续生产。本发明中兽药组合物，能应对各种原因诱发的繁殖障碍，特别是传染性因素和过劳诱发的繁殖损伤，且加工工艺简单，原料易得，且方便使用，成本低，适于规模化猪场使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1 本发明中兽药的制备
称取原料药：黄芪5kg、白术3 kg、黄芩3 kg、黄精5 kg、麦冬4 kg、女贞子5 kg、吴茱萸3 kg、五味子2 kg、炙甘草1 kg；
制备方法：取以上九味，充分烘干后，置于超微粉设备，充分粉碎，使粒径达到300-500目，弃去较粗的颗粒即得。
实施例2 本发明中兽药制备
称取原料药：黄芪6 kg、白术4 kg、黄芩4 kg、黄精6 kg、麦冬5 kg、女贞子6 kg、吴茱萸4 kg、五味子3 kg、炙甘草2 kg。
制备工艺：加水煎煮、浓缩成浸膏，干燥，整粒，即得散剂。
实施例3 本发明中兽药制备
称取原料药：黄芪4kg、白术2 kg、黄芩2 kg、黄精4 kg、麦冬3 kg、女贞子4 kg、吴茱萸2 kg、五味子1 kg、炙甘草1 kg。
制备方法：取以上九味，充分烘干后，置于超微粉设备，充分粉碎，使粒径达到300目，弃去较粗的颗粒即得。
以下通过临床试验证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1 本发明中兽药对母猪繁殖性能的提升效果
1、供试母猪来源：四川某猪场母猪存栏500头，猪场生产成绩不佳，仔猪生产成本较高，母猪年提供仔猪数量偏少，利润率低。
2、供试母猪选取：选取胎次相近，同期发情配种的母猪40头，平均分为两组。
3、喂法及喂量：用药组（20头）在饲料中添加实施例1制备的中兽药，另一组不添加作为对照组（20头），分别在断奶后至配种前，妊娠中期进行添加饲喂，剂量为5kg/吨饲料，单次使用时间7天。
4、数据收集、统计：逐窝统计母猪的生产情况，用药组产数据明显改善，结果见表1。
表1 药物对母猪生产成绩的影响
| 生产数据 | 用药组 | 对照组 |
| 母猪分娩仔猪数（头） | 228 | 196 |
| 母猪平均分娩时间（h） | 4.4 | 6.7 |
| 产房存活仔猪数（头） | 220 | 165 |
| 保育猪存活数（头） | 217 | 144 |
| 母猪断奶后7天发情头数（头） | 18 | 13 |
5、试验结果分析：用药后，母猪的产子数得到显著提升，活仔数明显高于未用药组；同时缩短分娩时间和发情间隔，提高了生产效率。
试验例2 本发明中兽药对病毒性繁殖障碍的治疗效果
1、供试母猪来源：四川某猪场母猪存栏约2000头，上市育肥猪约4.2万头。猪场多批次母猪出现流产、死胎和木乃伊胎，损失较大；返情、空怀、淘汰率明显升高。
2、诊断：本场蓝耳病抗原和抗体均为阳性，为病毒性繁殖障碍。
临床表现：怀孕母猪相继出现体温升高、精神沉郁、采食量下降的现象，部分母猪于怀孕后消瘦等症状，死淘率达5%以上，远超生产要求。断奶仔猪出现大面积腹泻、体温升高、关节肿大、呼吸道问题突出、苍白、消瘦，死亡率达15%。
3、喂法及喂量：妊娠母猪用药组使用实施例1制备的中兽药6kg散剂拌料一吨饲喂；用药组妊娠母猪全群首次用药20天，间隔10天后，每个月连续用药15天，用药三个月。
4、试验结果：用药三个月后，猪场生产数据明显改善，统计结果见表2。母猪的配种率，育肥猪的上市率显著提升；减少了母猪流产，增加了母猪生产的活仔数目，达到了良好的治疗效果。
表2 猪场生产数据统计表
| 生产数据 | 用药前 | 用药后 |
| 母猪配种率% | 72 | 86 |
| 母猪流产率% | 12 | 2 |
| 产房仔猪腹泻率% | 25 | 12 |
| 保育猪死淘率% | 15 | 3 |
| 育肥猪上市率% | 87 | 97 |
Claims (7)
1.一种防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药组合物，其特征在于：它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成：
黄芪4-6份、白术2-4份、黄芩2-4份、黄精4-6份、麦冬3-5份、女贞子4-6份、吴茱萸2-4份、五味子1-3份、炙甘草1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中兽药组合物，其特征在于：它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成：
黄芪5份、白术3份、黄芩3份、黄精5份、麦冬4份、女贞子5份、吴茱萸3份、五味子2份、炙甘草1份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中兽药组合物，其特征在于：它是由所述的原料药的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分，加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的中兽药组合物，其特征在于：所述的制剂是散剂、颗粒剂、汤剂。
5.一种权利要求1-4任意一项所述的中兽药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
a、称取各重量配比的原料药；
b、打粉，或加水或有机溶剂提取，加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的中兽药组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的打粉方法为：置于超微粉设备中，粉碎至粒径为300-500目。
7.权利要求1-4任意一项所述的中兽药组合物在制备防治母猪繁殖障碍的中兽药中的用途。
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