CN117243050A - Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum - Google Patents
Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117243050A CN117243050A CN202311343569.3A CN202311343569A CN117243050A CN 117243050 A CN117243050 A CN 117243050A CN 202311343569 A CN202311343569 A CN 202311343569A CN 117243050 A CN117243050 A CN 117243050A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ganoderma lucidum
- fungus
- wood
- soil
- bag
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 240000007313 Tilia cordata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219428 Fagaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000142952 Hamamelidaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000301850 Cupressus sempervirens Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001489091 Ganoderma sinense Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222341 Polyporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000044283 Toxicodendron succedaneum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 VYQNWZOUAUKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003648 triterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating linden red ganoderma lucidum by imitating wild, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting site selection: pine tree or Yang Shuchun forest and needle-broad mixed forest land with the altitude of 600-900 m and the canopy density of 0.6-0.8 are selected; the slope of the forest land is required to be not more than 30 degrees, a water source is arranged, and the soil is deep; (2) preparation of cultivars: selecting broad-leaved tree species; cutting the branches; cutting and bundling; filling a culture material; bagging; sterilizing; inoculating; growing bacteria; (3) wild-like cultivation: planting fungus wood; laying drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation pipelines; hanging a hygrothermograph; b, fruiting management; (4) harvesting: collecting ganoderma lucidum spore powder; harvesting fruit bodies. According to the invention, broad-leaved tree branches and filling culture materials are used for replacing broad-leaved forest trunks as basswood ganoderma lucidum growth substrates to carry out ganoderma lucidum production, and accurate grasping and effective adjustment of temperature and humidity during ganoderma lucidum fruiting are realized, so that a proper growth environment is created for ganoderma lucidum growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ganoderma lucidum wild-like cultivation method, in particular to a ganoderma lucidum basswood wild-like cultivation method.
Background
The Ganoderma lucidum (Ganoderma Lucidum (Leys. Ex Fr.) Karst.) is fungus of the genus Ganoderma (Ganoderma Karst.) of the family Polyporaceae, and modern medical research shows that the Ganoderma lucidum has biological active ingredients such as polysaccharide, triterpenes, nucleotide, various amino acids and the like, has better pharmacological activity in the aspects of resisting cancer, resisting oxidation, regulating immunity, reducing blood fat, reducing blood sugar, protecting liver and the like, and has wide market prospect.
Ganoderma lucidum is classified into 6 kinds of Ganoderma lucidum, namely Ganoderma lucidum, ganoderma sinense and Ganoderma alba according to its external shape and color, and the cultivation is most extensive. The cultivation of ganoderma lucidum mainly comprises bag material cultivation and basswood cultivation. The bag material cultivation mainly uses wood dust, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, crop straw and other agricultural and forestry leftovers to cultivate lucid ganoderma, and has the advantages of wide sources of raw materials, low cost and the like, but also has the defects of loose culture medium, large nutrition consumption in the mycelium growth stage, short fruiting body mature time, incapability of forming fruiting bodies with rich active substances and sufficient nutritional ingredients, loose texture of the fruiting bodies after drying, low medicinal effect ingredients and the like. The basswood cultivation is to cut logs of the proper tree species into segments for cultivation, and has the advantages of providing a growth environment for the ganoderma lucidum closer to the wild, along with longer growth and cultivation time, higher nutrient content, larger volume of fruiting bodies, better shape, more compact texture, lighter occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and the like.
The wild-imitating cultivation of the Chinese medicinal materials is to simulate the wild environment and the natural growth state of the Chinese medicinal materials according to the growth and development habit of the Chinese medicinal materials and the requirements of the Chinese medicinal materials on the ecological environment in a natural environment with relatively stable ecological conditions, and reproduce the ecological cultivation mode of the Chinese medicinal materials with good ecological relationship between the plants and the external environment. Modern scientific researches prove that the effective components of the Chinese medicinal materials cultivated by imitating the wild are similar to the wild components, and the method has important significance for improving the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal material industry.
At present, the wild-like cultivation of ganoderma lucidum is mostly carried out under basswood forests, specifically, fungus wood is produced by cutting trunks of suitable broad-leaved tree species, the natural space environment of forests is utilized for cultivating ganoderma lucidum under forests, the growth environment is similar to the wild growth environment of ganoderma lucidum, the active ingredients are similar to the wild ganoderma lucidum ingredients, and the method has important significance for improving the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicinal material industry. However, trunks for basswood cultivation raw materials need to be cut down a large number of broad-leaved tree species in mass production, and under the condition of ecological civilization, the resources are protected, the environmental protection subject is outstanding, and the bacterial contradiction is serious.
In addition, in the production of ganoderma lucidum, temperature and humidity management is important. The prior art relates to temperature and humidity management related to the wild-imitating cultivation technology of the linden of the ganoderma lucidum, generally, the temperature and humidity are required to be controlled to a specific range, but how to monitor the temperature and humidity and how to adjust the temperature and humidity are not provided, so that inaccurate temperature and humidity sensing is caused, and the temperature and humidity control effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wild-like cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum linden, which solves the problem that a large amount of broad-leaved trees are cut due to the adoption of fungus wood made of trunks, utilizes broad-leaved tree branches and filling culture materials to replace broad-leaved wood trunks as a growth matrix of ganoderma lucidum to produce ganoderma lucidum, realizes accurate grasp and effective adjustment of temperature and humidity during the ganoderma lucidum fruiting period, and creates a proper growth environment for the growth of ganoderma lucidum.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a method for cultivating the linden of ganoderma lucidum by imitating wild, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Planting site selection
Pine with an altitude of 600-900 m and a canopy density of 0.6-0.8 or Yang Shuchun forest and needle-wide mixed forest land are selected to be executed according to the requirements of standard NY/T5010-2016 environmental conditions of pollution-free agricultural product planting industry; the slope of the forest land is required to be not more than 30 degrees, water sources are arranged, the soil is deep, and the soil conditions meet the requirements of the standard GB 15618-2018 of soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk management and control standard;
(2) Preparation of cultivars
(2.1) Tree species selection
Selecting broad-leaved tree species;
(2.2) shoot felling
Before tree leaves fall to sprout, broad-leaved tree species on sunny slopes are selected to cut tree branches, and the branches keep the barks intact in the cutting and transportation processes;
(2.3) truncating the strapping
Cutting the branches into branch sections, and bundling the branch sections to prepare basswood;
(2.4) Filler culture Material
The filling culture material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75% of wood dust, 23% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.7% of gypsum powder or calcium carbonate, 0.5% of sucrose and (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.5 percent of calcium superphosphate, 0.2 percent of lime and 0.1 percent of lime, and the feed water ratio is 1: (1.4-1.6) and the pH value is 7.0-7.5, wherein the filling culture material is used for filling gaps when basswood is used for bagging;
(2.5) bagging
Selecting a polyethylene plastic bag or a polypropylene plastic bag as a material belt; matching the bundled wood Duan Liangduan, putting the matched wood Duan Liangduan into a plastic bag, tightly filling the plastic bag with the filling culture material, putting the filling culture material at two ends, and tightly binding the two ends after the filling;
(2.6) Sterilization
The polyethylene plastic bag is sterilized at normal pressure, and the temperature in the normal pressure steam sterilizing pot is raised to 100 ℃ and kept for 18-20 h; keeping sealing for 4-6 h after stopping heating;
the polypropylene plastic bag is sterilized by high pressure, the pressure is maintained at 0.110 Mpa-0.130 Mpa, the temperature is maintained at 121.5-124.5 ℃, and the constant pressure is maintained for 4 hours during the high pressure sterilization; keeping sealing for 4-6 h after stopping heating;
(2.7) inoculation
When the temperature of the material bag is reduced to 50-60 ℃, taking out the material bag and putting the material bag into an inoculation chamber which is fumigated by aerosol disinfectant in advance, inoculating according to a sterile operation rule, putting strains into two ends of the material bag, spreading cross sections of the two ends, and fastening a bag opening after inoculating;
(2.8) fermentation
(2.8.1) sterilizing the fermentation Chamber
The fungus growing room is clean and quiet without sundries, and meets the requirements of ventilation, temperature control and shading; fumigating with aerosol disinfectant before use; the fungus bags are piled in a wall type, preferably 5-8 layers, and a walkway is reserved in the middle; during the fungus growing period, 30% cresol soap solution is sprayed once every 70d in a fungus growing shed, so that the infection of mixed fungus is prevented;
(2.8.2) temperature and humidity control
Keeping light-shielding, and controlling the light below 50 lx; the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃; the relative humidity of air is kept between 60 and 70 percent; keeping the indoor air fresh, inoculating the material bag for 5-10 days, ventilating for 1 time/day in noon for 1 h/time, and gradually increasing the ventilation quantity along with the extension of the bacteria growing time; when hypha grows fully on the section and forms a fungus membrane, the micro-opening bag opening is ventilated and oxygenated;
(2.8.3) mycelium growth management
Inoculating for 25-35 d, wherein hypha grows on the surface layer of the fungus bag, and ventilating and oxygenation are carried out; inoculating for 55-65 d, and performing under-forest field planting when the mycelia on the surface layer of the fungus wood are white and thick, the color of the mycelia is changed from white to light yellow, and bean-shaped white lucid ganoderma primordium appears, and the fungus wood is slightly pressed and has elasticity;
(2.8.4) examination and treatment with infectious agents
Checking during the fungus growing period, observing the growth condition of hyphae, and finding out that the fungus wood infected by the mixed fungus needs to be removed in time.
3. Wild-like cultivation
(3.1) bacterial wood field planting
Planting in the middle of 4 months to 5 months, wherein the average air temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ or above; preparing land according to the topography on a sunny day, digging cultivation furrow under a forest along a slope, leveling the furrow bottom, and scattering lime powder at the furrow bottom for disinfection; placing fungus wood with the outer bags removed in a ditch, filling soil between the fungus wood at intervals of 2 cm-3 cm and row spacing of 6 cm-8 cm, covering the fungus wood with fine soil of 2 cm-3 cm, and scraping the soil with a wood plate to ensure that the thickness of the covering soil on the fungus wood is uniform;
(3.2) drip irrigation and spray irrigation pipe laying
Paving patch type drip irrigation bags along the carriage surface, wherein the drip irrigation bags are arranged on the surface soil in the middle of the fungus wood, 1 drip hole is formed in each fungus wood and corresponds to the fungus wood, and the drip holes are upward; the spray irrigation system utilizes trees in forests, adopts suspension type, the height is preferably 170 cm-180 cm, the spray heads adopt atomization spray heads, and the spray heads are arranged at the density to cover all planting areas;
(3.3) hanging the hygrothermograph
Respectively hanging 1 hygrothermograph at the highest position and the lowest position along the gradient direction of the fixed planting area of the ganoderma lucidum, wherein the hanging height is 15 cm-25 cm away from the ground;
(3.4) management of out-of-sesame
Thinning the ganoderma lucidum: before the differentiation of the ganoderma lucidum covers, 1-2 ganoderma lucidum is reserved on one fungus wood, and the principle of ganoderma lucidum is to remove weakness, leave strong, remove dense and leave sparse;
temperature management: the temperature under the forest is required to be between 25 and 28 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the temperature is reduced by spraying through a spray irrigation system;
humidity management: the water content of the soil in the ganoderma lucidum yielding period is required to be 40-50%; if the soil is in high-temperature drought weather with continuous 10d exceeding 35 ℃ and no rainfall, the soil is planed by hands to a depth of 2 cm-3 cm; if the soil is dry and white, indicating that the soil lacks water, and opening a drip irrigation system to supplement the soil water; in the growth period of ganoderma lucidum primordium and young ganoderma lucidum, the relative humidity of air is kept high and is kept between 85% and 95%; if the relative humidity of the air is lower than 80%, utilizing a spray irrigation system to carry out mist spraying, and paying attention to the relative humidity not to exceed 95%; when the growth of the ganoderma lucidum fungus caps is stopped, the growth period is changed into a thickening growth period, and the relative humidity of air is reduced to 70-85 percent; if the relative humidity of the air is lower than 65%, utilizing a spray irrigation system to carry out mist spraying;
4. harvesting
(4.1) Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collection
Collecting Ganoderma spore powder by small arch canopy mulch film collecting method, stopping outward expansion growth and turning to thickening growth when Ganoderma white growth circle disappears, and collecting bag when brown spore powder appears at the base of the near Ganoderma cover; the ground on the furrow is picked up and leveled 2-3 days before the spore powder is collected, and the ganoderma lucidum fungus cover and the fungus handle are washed clean so as to prevent sediment and impurities from being mixed in the process of collecting the spore powder; firstly spreading a plastic film on a carriage surface which is flattened in advance, separating the plastic film from sediment on the ground, then spreading a powder receiving film on a backing film, building a small arch shed with the height of 0.6-0.7 m on the carriage surface by using a non-drip film, and collecting spore powder ejected by fruiting bodies under the almost closed condition; when the ganoderma lucidum grows into a declining period after the powder collection lasts for a plurality of months, the spore powder is selected to be harvested on a sunny day, and simultaneously, ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are also harvested; the collected spore powder should be dried in time; unless the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the films at the two ends of the small arch shed are required to be lifted for ventilation and cooling, and the films cannot be lifted in other times so as to prevent the loss of spore powder;
(4.2) fruit body harvesting
Harvesting in sunny days, cutting ganoderma lucidum from the base of a ganoderma lucidum stalk, leaving the stalk of 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, harvesting ganoderma lucidum, arranging the ganoderma lucidum in a single way in sunlight, sun-drying or oven-drying, and packaging and storing the ganoderma lucidum in a plastic bag if the moisture content of the ganoderma lucidum is below 13%; after fruiting body harvesting, harvesting can be continued in the following years.
Preferably, the broad-leaved tree species comprises: fagaceae, equidae, hamamelidaceae, rosaceae, betulaceae or Theaceae; the wood chips comprise: the fineness of the hardwood sawdust of the broad-leaved tree is below 0.6 cm.
Preferably, when the broad-leaved tree branches are dried for 15-20 d under natural conditions and have a thin crack at the center of the cross section, the broad-leaved tree branches are cut into branch sections with the length of 25-30 cm, the length is consistent, sharp corners and burrs are removed, and the broad-leaved tree branches are bound into wood sections with the diameter of 15-18 cm by puncture-preventing bags to prepare basswood.
Preferably, the water content is 30-40% when the center of the cross section has a thin crack.
Preferably, the raw materials used for filling the culture materials meet the requirements of NY 5099-2002 on safety technical requirements of edible fungus culture substrates for pollution-free food; the water used for preparing the filling culture material accords with the regulations of GB 5749-2022 sanitary Standard for Drinking Water; the humidity management and water consumption are in accordance with the requirements of GB5084-2021 Water quality Standard for farm irrigation.
Preferably, the filling culture material is used for filling the material bag, and the filling culture material with the thickness of 2cm is placed at two ends.
Preferably, 3 g-4 g/m is used in advance 3 An inoculation or a bacteria-generating chamber for 2h of fumigation of the aerosol sterilizing agent.
Preferably, in the bacteria, the relative humidity of air is kept between 60 and 70 percent, and if the air humidity is high, the air is ventilated or quicklime is placed to reduce the humidity; if the humidity is low, water is sprayed on the indoor ground in a proper amount.
Preferably, in the fungus growing, the fungus is inoculated for 25-35 d, hypha grows up on the surface layer of the fungus bag, the bag opening is loosened to tie ropes or a small opening is cut below the bag opening by a blade, so that ventilation and oxygenation are facilitated.
Preferably, the method is carried out once every 5-7 d during the fungus growing period, the growth condition of hyphae is observed, and the bacteria wood infected by the mixed bacteria is found to be removed in time.
Preferably, the fungus wood is planted in a fixed mode, cultivation furrow is dug under the forest along a slope, the furrow is 150 cm-180 cm wide and 15 cm-25 cm deep, a pavement of 35 cm-40 cm is reserved between the furrow, the length is determined according to the actual condition of the forest, the furrow bottom is flat, and lime powder is scattered at the furrow bottom for disinfection.
The wild-like cultivation method of the red ganoderma lucidum linden wood solves the problem that a great number of broad-leaved tree species are cut down due to the fact that fungus wood is produced from trunks, and has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, broad-leaved tree branches are used for replacing broad-leaved wood trunks as basswood ganoderma lucidum growth matrixes to produce ganoderma lucidum, the branches are needed without cutting down trees, and the forests are not broken, so that the bacterial forest contradiction caused by basswood ganoderma lucidum industrialization is solved, and the wild-like cultivation large-scale and industrialized development of the basswood ganoderma lucidum can be realized;
(2) The method has higher fungus growing speed, only needs 55-65 d, and needs 60-70 d when the trunk is used as a basswood ganoderma lucidum growing matrix, so that the management cost can be reduced;
(3) According to the invention, the temperature and humidity of air are recorded in real time by hanging the hygrothermograph in a planting area, the soil humidity is judged by hand planing soil, the soil humidity is controlled by paving the patch type drip irrigation bag dropper on the planting compartment surface, the air temperature and the relative humidity are regulated by utilizing spray by erecting a spray irrigation system, the accurate grasp and effective regulation of the temperature and the humidity during the ganoderma lucidum fruiting period are realized, the temperature and the humidity are convenient to control, the data are accurate, the temperature and the humidity are convenient to regulate, the small environment is favorably regulated, the ganoderma lucidum growing period is always in relatively proper environmental conditions, and the yield is higher and the quality is better.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for cultivating linden wood of red ganoderma lucidum by imitating wild type comprises the following steps:
1. planting site selection
Pure forest and needle-wide mixed forest lands such as pine, poplar and the like with the altitude of 600-900 m and the canopy density of 0.6-0.8 are selected and executed according to the standard NY/T5010-2016 'pollution-free agricultural product planting industry production environment condition'; the forest land has gentle slope, the slope is not more than 30 degrees, water sources are provided, the soil is deep, and the soil condition accords with the specification of the standard GB 15618-2018 soil pollution risk management and control Standard for agricultural land with soil environmental quality.
2. Preparation of cultivars
(2.1) Tree species selection
Preferably broad-leaved tree species of Fagaceae, equidae, hamamelidaceae, rosaceae, betulaceae, theaceae, etc., needle-leaved trees such as pine, fir, cypress, etc., and trees containing bactericidal substances such as camphor, eucalyptus, lacquer tree, etc., are not used, and mycelium growth is promoted due to aromatic substances contained therein.
(2.2) shoot felling
Before tree leaves fall to sprout, broad-leaved tree seeds on sunny slopes with rich soil are selected to cut tree branches, the tree branches are suitable for cutting at the bottom of 11 months to 1 month in Wanzhou, and the tree branches keep the bark as complete as possible in the cutting and transporting processes.
(2.3) truncating the strapping
Drying the branches under natural conditions for about 15-20 d until the center of the cross section has a thin crack (the water content is 30% -40% when the center of the cross section has a thin crack), cutting the branches into branch sections with the length of 25 cm-30 cm, and keeping the length consistent; sorting the cut branches, and removing sharp corners and burrs by using a firewood knife or an electric planer to prevent puncturing the bag; binding the finished branches into wood sections with the diameter of 15 cm-18 cm to prepare basswood.
(2.4) Filler culture Material
Filling gaps when being used for bagging basswood, and the formula of the filling culture materials is as follows: 75% of wood dust, 23% of rice bran, 0.7% of gypsum powder, 0.5% of sucrose and (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.5 percent of calcium superphosphate, 0.2 percent of lime and 0.1 percent of lime, wherein the ratio of feed to water is 1:1.4-1.6, and the pH value is 7.0-7.5.
The wood chips are mainly hard wood chips of broad-leaved trees, the fineness is below 0.6cm, and the old wood chips are good; the other raw materials need to be fresh, mildew-free, caking-free, peculiar smell-free and greasy dirt-free. The rice bran can be replaced by wheat bran, the gypsum can be replaced by calcium carbonate, the used culture material is in accordance with the specification of NY 5099-2002 'safety technical requirement of edible fungus culture medium for pollution-free food', and the used water is in accordance with the specification of GB 5749-2022 'sanitary Standard for Drinking Water'.
(2.5) bagging
The normal pressure sterilization adopts a polyethylene plastic bag as a material bag, and the high pressure sterilization adopts a polypropylene plastic bag as a material belt; the diameter of the material bag cylinder is 30 cm-35 cm, the length is 60 cm-70 cm, and the thickness is 0.004 cm-0.005 cm; matching the bundled wood Duan Liangduan, placing into a plastic bag, tightly filling the bag with a filling culture material, placing the filling culture material with a thickness of about 2cm at each of the two ends, and binding the two ends with a string after the packaging.
(2.6) Sterilization
Sterilizing at normal pressure, wherein the temperature in a normal pressure steam sterilizing pot is raised to 100 ℃ and kept for 18-20 h; autoclaving can also be adopted, and the pressure is maintained at 0.110 Mpa-0.130 Mpa, the temperature is maintained at 121.5-124.5 ℃, and the constant pressure is maintained for 4h during autoclaving; and keeping sealing for 4-6 h after stopping heating. The bag is prevented from being pierced by hard objects during the sterilization operation.
(2.7) inoculation
When the temperature of the material bag is reduced to 50-60 ℃, the material bag is taken out and put into the material bag for 3-4 g/m in advance 3 The aerosol sterilizing agent (5% peracetic acid or 5% formaldehyde is used as the aerosol sterilizing agent) is fumigated for 2 hours in an inoculation chamber, inoculation is carried out according to a sterile operation rule, strains are put into two ends of a material bag, cross sections of the two ends are paved, and the bag opening is tightly tied after inoculation. The variety of ganoderma lucidum requires good genetic character, pure variety, wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, good stability, large ganoderma lucidum cover, good ganoderma lucidum shape, high yield and large spore yield.
(2.8) fermentation
(2.8.1) sterilizing the fermentation Chamber
The fungus growing room is clean and quiet without sundries, and meets the requirements of ventilation, temperature control and shading. Before use, 3 g-4 g/m 3 Fumigating the aerosol sterilizing agent of (2) for 2h. The fungus bags are piled in wall type, preferably 5-8 layers, and a passage is reserved in the middle. During the fungus growing period, 30% cresol soap solution is sprayed every 70d in the fungus growing shed to prevent the infection of mixed fungus.
(2.8.2) temperature and humidity control
Keeping light-shielding, and controlling the light below 50 lx; the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃; the relative humidity of air is kept between 60 and 70 percent; the indoor air is kept fresh, the material bags are inoculated for 5-10 days, ventilation is carried out for 1 time/day and 1 hour/time in noon, and then ventilation quantity is gradually increased along with the extension of the bacteria growing time. When hypha grows fully on the section and forms a fungus film, the bag opening can be slightly opened to properly ventilate and enrich oxygen, and the bag opening is opened when necessary, so that the ventilation capacity is increased. The air humidity is high, or the quicklime can be placed to reduce the humidity, and when the humidity is low, a proper amount of water can be sprayed on the indoor ground.
(2.8.3) mycelium growth management
Inoculating for 25-35 d, wherein hypha grows on the surface layer of the fungus bag, loosening the bag opening tying rope or cutting a small opening below the bag opening by a blade so as to facilitate ventilation and oxygenation; inoculating for 55-65 d, and when the mycelium on the surface layer of the fungus wood is white and thick, the mycelium is changed from white to light yellow, and the bean-shaped white ganoderma lucidum primordium appears, and the fungus wood is slightly pressed and has elasticity, the under-forest field planting can be carried out.
According to the invention, broad-leaved tree branches and filling culture materials are used for replacing broad-leaved tree trunks as basswood ganoderma lucidum growth matrixes, the fungus growing speed is faster, only 55-65 d is needed, and the trunks as basswood ganoderma lucidum growth matrixes need 60-70 d, so that the management cost can be reduced.
(2.8.4) examination and treatment with infectious agents
During the fungus growing period, the fungus needs to be checked frequently every 5-7 days, the growth condition of hyphae is observed, and the bacteria wood infected by the mixed bacteria needs to be removed in time.
3. Wild-like cultivation
(3.1) bacterial wood field planting
The planting can be performed in the middle of 4 months to the middle of 5 months when the average air temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ or above. The method comprises the steps of selecting sunny days to prepare land according to the topography, digging cultivation furrow under the forest along the slope, keeping the furrow width between 150cm and 180cm and the furrow depth between 15cm and 25cm, keeping a walk between 35cm and 40cm between furrows, keeping the length of the furrow according to the actual condition of the forest, leveling the bottom of the furrow, and scattering lime powder at the bottom of the furrow for disinfection. Placing fungus wood with the outer bags removed in a ditch, wherein the distance between the fungus wood is 2 cm-3 cm, the row spacing is 6 cm-8 cm, filling soil between the fungus wood, covering the fungus wood with fine soil of 2 cm-3 cm, and scraping the soil with a wood plate to ensure that the thickness of the covering soil on the fungus wood is uniform.
(3.2) drip irrigation and spray irrigation pipe laying
And paving patch type drip irrigation bags along the carriage surface, wherein the drip irrigation bags are arranged on the surface soil in the middle of the fungus wood, and each fungus wood is provided with 1 drip hole which is arranged at a corresponding position of the fungus wood and is upward. The spray irrigation system utilizes trees in forests, adopts hanging type, the height is preferably 170 cm-180 cm, the spray heads adopt atomizing spray heads, and the spray heads are preferably arranged at the density to cover all planting areas.
(3.3) hanging the hygrothermograph
Along the gradient direction of the fixed planting area of the ganoderma lucidum, 1 hygrothermograph is hung at the highest position and the lowest position respectively, and can be directly hung on a tree, and the hanging height is preferably 15 cm-25 cm away from the ground.
(3.4) management of out-of-sesame
Thinning the ganoderma lucidum: before the differentiation of the ganoderma lucidum covers, 1-2 ganoderma lucidum is reserved on one fungus wood, and the principle of ganoderma lucidum is weak and strong, and dense and sparse.
Temperature management: the temperature under the forest is required to be 25-28 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the temperature is reduced by spraying through a spray irrigation system.
Humidity management: the water content of the soil in the ganoderma lucidum yielding period is required to be 40% -50%, if the soil is in high-temperature drought weather with the temperature of more than 35 ℃ and no rainfall for 10 days, the soil is planed by hands to be 2 cm-3 cm deep, and if the soil is dry and white, the soil is indicated to be lack of water, and a drip irrigation system can be opened to supplement the soil water. In the growing period of ganoderma lucidum primordium and young ganoderma lucidum, the relative humidity of air is kept high and is generally kept between 85% and 95%, if the relative humidity of air is lower than 80%, a spray irrigation system is used for mist spraying, and the relative humidity is not more than 95%; when the growth of the ganoderma lucidum fungus cover is stopped, the growth is changed into a thickening growth period, the relative humidity of air can be reduced to 70% -85%, if the relative humidity of air is lower than 65%, a spray irrigation system is utilized for mist spraying, and water consumption is required to meet the requirements of GB5084-2021 Water quality Standard for farm irrigation.
4. Harvesting
(4.1) Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collection
Collecting Ganoderma spore powder by small arch canopy mulch film collecting method, stopping outward expansion growth and turning to thickening growth when Ganoderma white growth circle disappears, and collecting bag when brown spore powder appears at the base of the near Ganoderma cover; and (3) collecting and leveling the ground on the furrow 2-3 days before starting to collect the spore powder, and washing the ganoderma lucidum fungus cover and the fungus handle clean to prevent sediment and impurities from being mixed in the process of collecting the spore powder. Firstly spreading a plastic film on a carriage surface which is flattened in advance, separating the plastic film from sediment on the ground, then spreading a powder receiving film on a backing film, building a small arch shed with the height of 0.6-0.7 m on the carriage surface by using a non-drip film, and collecting spore powder ejected by fruiting bodies under the almost closed condition; when the ganoderma lucidum grows into the declining period after the powder collection lasts for more than one month, the spore powder is selected to be harvested on a sunny day, and simultaneously, the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body is also harvested. The collected spore powder should be dried in time; unless the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the films at the two ends of the small arch shed are required to be lifted for ventilation and cooling, and the films cannot be lifted at other times so as to prevent the loss of spore powder.
(4.2) fruit body harvesting
Harvesting in sunny days, cutting Ganoderma from the base of the stalk, leaving stalk base of 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, sun-drying or oven-drying in sunlight, and packaging with plastic bag. After fruiting body harvesting, harvesting can be continued in the following years.
The fruiting body yield is measured to be more than 220kg/666.7m by adopting the method 2 The yield of spore powder exceeds 6.5kg/666.7m 2 . Referring to Table 1, the contents of the produced ganoderma lucidum heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are not higher than the content standard specified in Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020), and the heavy metals are not out of standard; wherein the lead (Pb) is less than 1/40 of the pharmacopoeia standard, and the mercury (Hg) is only 1 +_ of the pharmacopoeia standard20, arsenic (As) is only 1/9 of the pharmacopoeia standard, and the safety is high. Among the effective components, the extract is 2.73 times of the pharmacopoeia standard, the polysaccharide is 2.68 times of the pharmacopoeia standard, and the content of the effective components is high.
Table 1 pharmacopoeia standard and actual measurement values of heavy metals and active ingredients of red ganoderma lucidum
Note that: the execution standard: chinese pharmacopoeia (2020); test report presentation unit: chongqing city Wanzhou food and drug institute.
In conclusion, the method utilizes broad-leaved tree branches and filling culture materials to replace broad-leaved tree trunks as basswood ganoderma lucidum growth matrixes to carry out wild-like cultivation under the basswood ganoderma lucidum, fully utilizes the natural space environment of a woodland to carry out cultivation of the under-forest ganoderma lucidum, accurately grasps and effectively adjusts the temperature and the humidity during the ganoderma lucidum fruiting period, creates superior growth environment conditions for wild-like cultivation of the ganoderma lucidum, has effective components similar to wild components, and has important significance for improving the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and guaranteeing the sustainable development of the traditional Chinese medicinal material industry.
While the present invention has been described in detail through the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting the invention. Many modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for wild-like cultivation of linden of red ganoderma lucidum, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Planting site selection
Pine with an altitude of 600-900 m and a canopy density of 0.6-0.8 or Yang Shuchun forest and needle-wide mixed forest land are selected to be executed according to the requirements of standard NY/T5010-2016 environmental conditions of pollution-free agricultural product planting industry; the slope of the forest land is required to be not more than 30 degrees, water sources are arranged, the soil is deep, and the soil conditions meet the requirements of the standard GB 15618-2018 of soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk management and control standard;
(2) Preparation of cultivars
(2.1) Tree species selection
Selecting broad-leaved tree species;
(2.2) shoot felling
Before tree leaves fall to sprout, broad-leaved tree species on sunny slopes are selected to cut tree branches, and the branches keep the barks intact in the cutting and transportation processes;
(2.3) truncating the strapping
Cutting the branches into branch sections, and bundling the branch sections to prepare basswood;
(2.4) Filler culture Material
The filling culture material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 75% of wood dust, 23% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.7% of gypsum powder or calcium carbonate, 0.5% of sucrose and (NH) 4 ) 2 SO 4 0.5 percent, 0.2 percent of superphosphate and 0.1 percent of lime, wherein the ratio of feed to water is 1: (1.4-1.6), the pH value is 7.0-7.5, and the filling culture material is used for filling gaps when basswood is used for bagging;
(2.5) bagging
Selecting a polyethylene plastic bag or a polypropylene plastic bag as a material belt; matching the bundled wood Duan Liangduan, putting the matched wood Duan Liangduan into a plastic bag, tightly filling the plastic bag with the filling culture material, putting the filling culture material at two ends, and tightly binding the two ends after the filling;
(2.6) Sterilization
The polyethylene plastic bag is sterilized at normal pressure, and the temperature in the normal pressure steam sterilizing pot is raised to 100 ℃ and kept for 18-20 h; keeping sealing for 4-6 h after stopping heating;
the polypropylene plastic bag is sterilized by high pressure, the pressure is maintained at 0.110 Mpa-0.130 Mpa, the temperature is maintained at 121.5-124.5 ℃, and the constant pressure is maintained for 4 hours during the high pressure sterilization; keeping sealing for 4-6 h after stopping heating;
(2.7) inoculation
When the temperature of the material bag is reduced to 50-60 ℃, taking out the material bag and putting the material bag into an inoculation chamber which is fumigated by aerosol disinfectant in advance, inoculating according to a sterile operation rule, putting strains into two ends of the material bag, spreading cross sections of the two ends, and fastening a bag opening after inoculating;
(2.8) fermentation
(2.8.1) sterilizing the fermentation Chamber
The fungus growing room is clean and quiet without sundries, and meets the requirements of ventilation, temperature control and shading; fumigating with aerosol disinfectant before use; the fungus bags are piled in a wall type, preferably 5-8 layers, and a walkway is reserved in the middle; during the fungus growing period, 30% cresol soap solution is sprayed once every 70d in a fungus growing shed, so that the infection of mixed fungus is prevented;
(2.8.2) temperature and humidity control
Keeping light-shielding, and controlling the light below 50 lx; the temperature is controlled between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃; the relative humidity of air is kept between 60 and 70 percent; keeping the indoor air fresh, inoculating the material bag for 5-10 days, ventilating for 1 time/day in noon for 1 h/time, and gradually increasing the ventilation quantity along with the extension of the bacteria growing time; when hypha grows fully on the section and forms a fungus membrane, the micro-opening bag opening is ventilated and oxygenated;
(2.8.3) mycelium growth management
Inoculating for 25-35 d, wherein hypha grows on the surface layer of the fungus bag, and ventilating and oxygenation are carried out; inoculating for 55-65 d, and performing under-forest field planting when the mycelia on the surface layer of the fungus wood are white and thick, the color of the mycelia is changed from white to light yellow, and bean-shaped white lucid ganoderma primordium appears, and the fungus wood is slightly pressed and has elasticity;
(2.8.4) examination and treatment with infectious agents
Checking during the fungus growing period, observing the growth condition of hyphae, and finding out that the fungus wood infected by the mixed fungus needs to be removed in time.
(3) Wild-like cultivation
(3.1) bacterial wood field planting
Planting in the middle of 4 months to 5 months, wherein the average air temperature is stabilized at 20 ℃ or above; preparing land according to the topography on a sunny day, digging cultivation furrow under a forest along a slope, leveling the furrow bottom, and scattering lime powder at the furrow bottom for disinfection; placing fungus wood with the outer bags removed in a ditch, filling soil between the fungus wood at intervals of 2 cm-3 cm and row spacing of 6 cm-8 cm, covering the fungus wood with fine soil of 2 cm-3 cm, and scraping the soil with a wood plate to ensure that the thickness of the covering soil on the fungus wood is uniform;
(3.2) drip irrigation and spray irrigation pipe laying
Paving patch type drip irrigation bags along the carriage surface, wherein the drip irrigation bags are arranged on the surface soil in the middle of the fungus wood, 1 drip hole is formed in each fungus wood and corresponds to the fungus wood, and the drip holes are upward; the spray irrigation system utilizes trees in forests, adopts suspension type, the height is preferably 170 cm-180 cm, the spray heads adopt atomization spray heads, and the spray heads are arranged at the density to cover all planting areas;
(3.3) hanging the hygrothermograph
Respectively hanging 1 hygrothermograph at the highest position and the lowest position along the gradient direction of the fixed planting area of the ganoderma lucidum, wherein the hanging height is 15 cm-25 cm away from the ground;
(3.4) management of out-of-sesame
Thinning the ganoderma lucidum: before the differentiation of the ganoderma lucidum covers, 1-2 ganoderma lucidum is reserved on one fungus wood, and the principle of ganoderma lucidum is to remove weakness, leave strong, remove dense and leave sparse;
temperature management: the temperature under the forest is required to be between 25 and 28 ℃, and if the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, the temperature is reduced by spraying through a spray irrigation system;
humidity management: the water content of the soil in the ganoderma lucidum yielding period is required to be 40-50%; if the soil is in high-temperature drought weather with continuous 10d exceeding 35 ℃ and no rainfall, the soil is planed by hands to a depth of 2 cm-3 cm; if the soil is dry and white, indicating that the soil lacks water, and opening a drip irrigation system to supplement the soil water; in the growth period of ganoderma lucidum primordium and young ganoderma lucidum, the relative humidity of air is kept high and is kept between 85% and 95%; if the relative humidity of the air is lower than 80%, utilizing a spray irrigation system to carry out mist spraying, and paying attention to the relative humidity not to exceed 95%; when the growth of the ganoderma lucidum fungus caps is stopped, the growth period is changed into a thickening growth period, and the relative humidity of air is reduced to 70-85 percent; if the relative humidity of the air is lower than 65%, utilizing a spray irrigation system to carry out mist spraying;
(4) Harvesting
(4.1) Ganoderma lucidum spore powder collection
Collecting Ganoderma spore powder by small arch canopy mulch film collecting method, stopping outward expansion growth and turning to thickening growth when Ganoderma white growth circle disappears, and collecting bag when brown spore powder appears at the base of the near Ganoderma cover; the ground on the furrow is picked up and leveled 2-3 days before the spore powder is collected, and the ganoderma lucidum fungus cover and the fungus handle are washed clean so as to prevent sediment and impurities from being mixed in the process of collecting the spore powder; firstly spreading a plastic film on a carriage surface which is flattened in advance, separating the plastic film from sediment on the ground, then spreading a powder receiving film on a backing film, building a small arch shed with the height of 0.6-0.7 m on the carriage surface by using a non-drip film, and collecting spore powder ejected by fruiting bodies under the almost closed condition; when the ganoderma lucidum grows into a declining period after the powder collection lasts for a plurality of months, the spore powder is selected to be harvested on a sunny day, and simultaneously, ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies are also harvested; the collected spore powder should be dried in time; unless the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the films at the two ends of the small arch shed are required to be lifted for ventilation and cooling, and the films cannot be lifted in other times so as to prevent the loss of spore powder;
(4.2) fruit body harvesting
Harvesting in sunny days, cutting ganoderma lucidum from the base of a ganoderma lucidum stalk, leaving the stalk of 1.0 cm-1.5 cm, harvesting ganoderma lucidum, arranging the ganoderma lucidum in a single way in sunlight, sun-drying or oven-drying, and packaging and storing the ganoderma lucidum in a plastic bag if the moisture content of the ganoderma lucidum is below 13%; after fruiting body harvesting, harvesting can be continued in the following years.
2. The method for wild-like cultivation of basswood of red ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein said broad-leaved tree species comprises: fagaceae, equidae, hamamelidaceae, rosaceae, betulaceae or Theaceae; the wood chips comprise: the fineness of the hardwood sawdust of the broad-leaved tree is below 0.6 cm.
3. The wild-like cultivation method of the ganoderma lucidum linden wood according to claim 1, wherein when the branches of broad-leaved tree species are dried for 15 d-20 d under natural conditions until the center of the cross section has a thin crack, the branches are cut into branch sections with the length of 25 cm-30 cm, the length is consistent, sharp corners and burrs are removed, and the branches are bundled into wood sections with the diameter of 15 cm-18 cm by puncture-proof bags to prepare the linden wood.
4. The method for cultivating basswood of red ganoderma lucidum in a wild-like manner according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials used for filling the culture materials are in accordance with the specification of NY 5099-2002, safety technical requirements for edible fungus culture substrates for pollution-free food; the water used for preparing the filling culture material accords with the regulations of GB 5749-2022 sanitary Standard for Drinking Water; the humidity management and water consumption are in accordance with the requirements of GB5084-2021 Water quality Standard for farm irrigation.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bags are tightly packed with the filler culture material, and the filler culture material is placed at both ends of the bags to a thickness of 2 cm.
6. The method for cultivating basswood of red ganoderma lucidum by imitating wild type according to claim 1, wherein 3 g-4 g/m is used in advance 3 An inoculation or a bacteria-generating chamber for 2h of fumigation of the aerosol sterilizing agent.
7. The method for cultivating basswood wild-like ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein in the fermentation, the relative humidity of air is kept at 60% -70%, and if the air humidity is high, ventilation is performed or quicklime is placed to reduce the humidity; if the humidity is low, water is sprayed on the indoor ground in a proper amount.
8. The wild-like cultivation method of the basswood of ganoderma lucidum according to claim 1, wherein in the fungus growing, the fungus growing bag surface layer is inoculated for 25-35 d, the bag opening tying rope is loosened or a small opening is cut below the bag opening by a blade, so that ventilation and oxygenation are facilitated.
9. The method for cultivating the basswood of ganoderma lucidum by imitating wild type according to claim 1, wherein the growth of hyphae is observed every 5-7 d during the fungus growing period, and the fungus wood infected by the mixed fungus is found to be removed in time.
10. The method for cultivating the basswood of the ganoderma lucidum by imitating the wild type according to claim 1, wherein the fungus wood is planted in a fixed mode, cultivation furrows are dug in a downhill slope, the width of each furrow is 150 cm-180 cm, the depth of each furrow is 15 cm-25 cm, a walk with the depth of 35 cm-40 cm is reserved between furrows, the length is determined according to the actual condition of a forest, the bottom of each furrow is flat, and lime powder is scattered at the bottom of each furrow for disinfection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311343569.3A CN117243050A (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311343569.3A CN117243050A (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117243050A true CN117243050A (en) | 2023-12-19 |
Family
ID=89134983
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311343569.3A Pending CN117243050A (en) | 2023-10-17 | 2023-10-17 | Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117243050A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-10-17 CN CN202311343569.3A patent/CN117243050A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107996288B (en) | Method for ecologically cultivating phellinus igniarius under forest by imitating wild conditions | |
| CN104041330B (en) | Ganoderma tsugae imitates wild juggle cultivation method | |
| CN102812853B (en) | Ganoderma lucidum and its imitative wild cultivation collection method of conidia powder | |
| CN101524035B (en) | Artificial culture method of fuscous dictyostelium boletes | |
| CN108401788B (en) | Cultivation method of poria cocos | |
| CN104145718B (en) | A kind of bamboo grove simulated wild glossy ganoderma culture technique | |
| CN107258324A (en) | A kind of lucidum spore powder cultivating superior high-yield method | |
| CN103222391A (en) | Biomimetic and organic planting method of bamboo fungus by eucalyptus material | |
| CN102550296A (en) | Indoor cultivation method for Ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN103650919A (en) | Full-sun cultivation method of black fungus | |
| CN108781968A (en) | A kind of method of interplanting tea tree and black fungus | |
| CN108887077B (en) | Cultivation method of efficiently-bred wild ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN106718735A (en) | A kind of method for planting dendrobium candidum in the tree | |
| CN106577226A (en) | Special strawberry seedling cultivating substrate | |
| CN112042462A (en) | Wild-imitating planting method for black termitomyces albuminosus and application of wild-imitating planting method | |
| KR101220035B1 (en) | Solid wood for growing mushroom and method thereof | |
| CN107667758A (en) | A kind of implantation methods of blueberry | |
| CN110122172A (en) | A kind of needle mushroom mushroom bran compost and its cultural method for hayashishita ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN111972209A (en) | Cultivation method of semi-wild ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN110150026A (en) | A kind of Dictyophora rubrovalvata industrial planting method | |
| CN113207548B (en) | Method for cultivating dictyophora rubrovolvata by using raw materials in low-altitude field | |
| CN105900685B (en) | Mixed planting method of polyporus umbellatus and fern moss | |
| CN115606449A (en) | Common-shed crop rotation cultivation method for morchella and shiitake mushrooms | |
| CN117243050A (en) | Wild-imitation cultivation method for linden red ganoderma lucidum | |
| CN109548559B (en) | Ganoderma lucidum cultivation method only producing fruiting bodies |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |