CN1172079C - 对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法 - Google Patents

对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法 Download PDF

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CN1172079C
CN1172079C CNB008067678A CN00806767A CN1172079C CN 1172079 C CN1172079 C CN 1172079C CN B008067678 A CNB008067678 A CN B008067678A CN 00806767 A CN00806767 A CN 00806767A CN 1172079 C CN1172079 C CN 1172079C
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storage catalyst
desulfurization
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埃克哈德・波特
埃克哈德·波特
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
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    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1461—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine
    • F02D41/1462—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases emitted by the engine with determination means using an estimation
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    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0818—SOx storage amount, e.g. for SOx trap or NOx trap
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法，其中为实现脱硫对在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低温度进行调整并将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1以及对至少一个内燃机的工作参数进行至少暂时的影响，以便实现该工作模式和/或最低温度。其中根据实际的λ值和/或取决于存储在NOx-存储催化剂上的NOx-质量(硫化度)的在NOx-存储催化剂上游和下游的NOx浓度的比例和/或NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实时温度开始脱硫。

Description

对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的 NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法。
背景技术
对NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法是公知的。其中在脱硫时必须对诸如在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低温度和将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1等所谓的再生参数进行调整。
在内燃机的工作模式为λ＜1时，尾气中诸如CO、HC或H2等还原的气体组分的浓度超过氧的浓度(富空气)。在λ＞1时，氧浓度占绝大比重(贫空气)。在内燃机以贫空气的情况下工作时，除了NOx，由于在燃油混合物中的变化的硫分量的燃烧生成SO2。该SO2与在贫空气时的NOx相同同样被NOx-存储催化剂吸收，其中由于硫酸盐颗粒的形成，因而对SO2-吸收将造成局部的不均匀性。该过程将导致NOx-存储催化剂的催化活性表面的缩小和NOx-存储催化剂容量的降低并构成腐蚀过程的侵蚀点，该腐蚀将会带来对NOx-存储催化剂的持续的损伤。
已知根据对NOx还原(转化反应)效率的检定可测出NOx-存储催化剂的硫化度。例如在DE 197 47 222 C1中披露了通过对NOx存储催化剂下游的贫相的迅速升高的NOx的浓度可以确定出由于硫中毒而减低的NOx-存储能力。
另外还已知，当硫化度达到一阈值时，通过至少暂时对内燃机的一个工作参数施加影响(措施)启动脱硫。这些措施包括例如推迟点火、在一燃烧过程前或在燃烧过程中延后喷油或对内燃机进行汽缸选择平衡，但因此势必导致燃料的过量消耗。为了提高NOx-存储催化剂前的尾气温度并以此达到在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低温度，要频繁地采取这些措施。这些已知的方法的缺点是，仅根据转化反应的效率，即在达到阈值之后才启动脱硫并因此对在实际中出现的内燃机的较为有利的工作状况，其中并未达到阈值，但NOx-存储催化剂的温度已接近最低温度，并未得到利用。此点将导致燃油的过量消耗。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于对NOx-存储催化剂的脱硫进行更为动态的设计，即为对是否需要脱硫进行判定，除了催化剂的硫化度外，还要对再生参数加以考虑。
实现该目的的技术方案如下：
一种用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法，其中根据取决于在NOx-存储催化剂中存储的NOx-质量(硫化度)的在NOx-存储催化剂的上游和下游的NOx-的浓度的比例开始脱硫并且为了实现脱硫对在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低脱硫温度进行调整并将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1以及对至少一个内燃机的工作参数进行影响，以便实现该工作模式和/或最低温度，其特征在于，另外根据实际的λ值和NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度开始脱硫；
一种用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法，其中根据取决于在NOx-存储催化剂中存储的NOx-质量(硫化度)的在NOx-存储催化剂的上游和下游的NOx-的浓度的比例开始脱硫并且为了实现脱硫对在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低脱硫温度进行调整并将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1以及对至少一个内燃机的工作参数进行的影响，以便实现该工作模式和/或最低温度，其特征在于，另外根据实际的λ值或NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度开始脱硫。
其中除了硫化度外还根据实际的λ值和/或NOx-存储催化剂的实际温度启动脱硫，因而可以更为有效地，即更节省燃油地实现脱硫。另一个优点是，由于从整体上更为频繁地进行脱硫，因而可以将因脱硫而形成的硫酸盐颗粒的粒度保持在较小的程度。
根据本方法的一优选的设计，为对脱硫必要性进行判定求出由硫化度、λ值和NOx-存储催化剂温度构成的参数。该参数在以内燃机的负载与转速的比例关系为特征的特性范围内。所述特性范围可以分成任意数量的分范围，在这些范围中例如随着温度的升高，脱硫的阈值下降。采取此方式可以非常动态地对实际的工作状况就脱硫的启动作出反应。
附图说明
下面将以一实施例为例对照附图对本发明做进一步的说明。图中示出：
图1示出在内燃机的排气管路中催化剂系统的配置和
图2为内燃机的负载与转速的比例关系图。
具体实施方式
图1中示意示出设置在内燃机14排气管路12中的催化剂系统10。催化剂系统10包括NOx-存储催化剂16和前置催化剂18以及相应的气体传感器20和温度传感器22。
可以利用马达控制器24对内燃机14的工作模式进行调整。当需要λ＜1(富空气)的工作模式时，则必须在燃油-空气-混合物燃烧前降低抽气管26内的氧的浓度。随之与氧分量相比将相应提高在尾气中的还原的气体成分的分量。例如这种工作模式是利用一节流阀28减少抽吸的空气流量并同时通过一尾气回流阀30馈送贫氧尾气实现的。
在λ＞1(贫空气)的工作模式时，除了对NOx，还将SO2吸收在NOx-存储催化剂16上，同时少量的还原的气体成分在前置催化剂18上几乎被完全转换。根据NOx-存储催化剂16的容量和解吸温度必须以λ≤1对内燃机进行调整控制，以便进行再生。在这样一种工作模式时，预先被吸收在NOx-存储催化剂16的催化活性表面上的NOx将被还原。
同样被吸收的SO2以硫酸盐形式被储存在NOx-存储催化剂16上，其中当然这种储存过程的可逆性与对NOx的储存相比需要高得多的温度。所以为实现脱硫必须达到最低脱硫温度和λ≤1(再生参数)。
根据NOx-存储催化剂16的转化反应的效率、NOx-存储催化剂16的实际温度和/或实际λ值判定脱硫的必要性。可以利用气体传感器20对所述效率进行检测，该传感器对NOx-存储催化剂16下游的NOx-浓度进行测量。可根据经验值或通过在NOx-存储催化剂16上游对NOx-浓度的测量以此方式非常简单地实现对硫化度和随之对效率进行的测定。通过温度传感器22可以测出在NOx-存储催化剂16上的实际的温度，同时通过气体传感器20又可以确定出实际λ值。以此得出的每一时刻的硫化度、温度和λ值被综合，导出判定脱硫所需的参数。
图2示出负载W与内燃机14转速U的关系的特性曲线。如果在负载W不变的情况下提高转速U，则将会导致燃油的过量消耗，其中将因此使λ值降低并且尾气的温度升高。根据负载W和内燃机14转速U的可能的参数在此被分成四个任意的应用范围。其中在范围32内以如下方式对脱硫的必要性进行选择，即脱硫的必要性基本由硫化度确定，这意味着，在达到预给定硫化度的阈值时开始脱硫。在范围34内，与此相比除硫化度外，还要考虑NOx-催化剂16的实际温度对脱硫的必要性进行判定。例如在达到阈值的70％并且在温度高于400℃时开始脱硫。阈值100％系指其伴随的NOx-活性干扰同样尚能满足标准验收检验中法律允许的有害物质-极限值的硫化度。
当温度上升到550℃时，则仅达到阈值50％时即被判定为有必要脱硫(范围36)，而在范围38中既存在λ值又存在温度，它们与硫化度无关，构成对NOx-存储催化剂16当然的脱硫。
通过对所示的脱硫过程的控制，一方面由于要将NOx-存储催化剂16加热到最低温度而减少对燃油的过量消耗并且另一方面通过在温度较高时降低阈值可以提前开始脱硫，以致形成的硫酸盐颗粒的粒度较小。因而可避免锈蚀，例如避免生成裂纹。
替代举例示出的分范围的对脱硫必要性的判定，也可以利用一个将用于脱硫的能量需求量与脱硫的必要性进行对照的判断矩阵进行连续的判定。能量需求量取决于NOx-存储催化剂温度和硫化度。

Claims (8)

1.用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法，其中根据取决于在NOx-存储催化剂中存储的NOx-质量的，即硫化度的在NOx-存储催化剂的上游和下游的NOx-的浓度的比例开始脱硫并且为了实现脱硫对在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低脱硫温度进行调整并将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1以及对至少一个内燃机的工作参数进行影响，以便实现该工作模式或最低温度，其特征在于，另外根据实际的λ值和NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度开始脱硫。
2.用于对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法，其中根据取决于在NOx-存储催化剂中存储的NOx-质量的，即硫化度的在NOx-存储催化剂的上游和下游的NOx-的浓度的比例开始脱硫并且为了实现脱硫对在NOx-存储催化剂上的最低脱硫温度进行调整并将内燃机的工作模式调整到λ≤1以及对至少一个内燃机的工作参数进行影响，以便实现该工作模式或最低温度，其特征在于，另外根据实际的λ值或NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度开始脱硫。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据硫化度、实际的λ值和NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度连续地或分阶段地对是否需要脱硫进行判断。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据硫化度和实际的λ值或根据硫化度和NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度连续地或分阶段地对是否需要脱硫进行判断。
5.按照权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，开始脱硫的硫化度阈值连续地或分阶段地根据实际λ值和NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度进行变化。
6.按照权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，开始脱硫的硫化度阈值连续地或分阶段地根据实际λ值或NOx-存储催化剂(16)的实际温度进行变化。
7.按照权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在NOx-存储催化剂(16)的温度上升时硫化度的阈值将降低。
8.按照权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在NOx-存储催化剂(16)的温度上升时硫化度的阈值将降低。
CNB008067678A 1999-05-12 2000-04-20 对至少一个设置在内燃机排气管路内的NOx-存储催化剂脱硫的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1172079C (zh)

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