CN1171331C - 圆柱形电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种高容量圆柱形电池，其中当电池内压异常增加时起泄漏气体作用的防爆机构不牺牲发电元件的空间而增加了发电元件的总容量。圆柱形电池具有形成于电池外壳(1)开口附近的容纳发电元件的圆形槽(5)，圆形槽的底面向电池外壳弯曲并且有至少一个由密封件(7)密封的气体流出孔(6)。密封件为在槽内定形的弹性环并且密封气体流出孔。这种布局使得气体流出孔即使在防爆机构起作用后也能被密封，从而确保电池的连续使用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及诸如碱性电池或锂电池之类的圆柱形电池，其中圆柱形电池外壳内容纳发电元件并且电池外壳的开口用密封部件密封，本发明还涉及制造这种圆柱形电池的方法。
背景技术
在以锌作为阳极激活材料的碱性电池中，会担心由于错误的充电或者锌的腐蚀而在电池内部产生气体，从而使电池内压增大甚至导致电池爆炸。碱性电池通常由此具有防爆机构，它在电池内压增大时起作用以避免可能的爆炸。
防爆机构的原理是有意使机械强度降低的特定部分(它是密封电池开口的密封部件的一部分)在电池内压增大时断裂，从而强迫气体漏出电池外部，由此防止电池爆炸。
以下借助图5描述具有现有技术防爆机构的典型碱性电池。
电池外壳21包含作为供电元件的阴极混合物22、分隔件23和阳极24。电池外壳21的上开口具有台阶部分25，其受外部开槽处理而向内弯曲。合成树脂(例如尼龙)的密封件29被用来密封电池外壳21的开口，并且包含支持阳极收集器28的内部管状件30、被电池外壳21的开口端夹持的外部管状件32以及将内部管状件30与外部管状件32连接起来的连接件31。连接件31具有薄壁部分34。具有中心通孔的金属垫圈26(内部管状件30固定其中)和阳极端板33的外周边部分固定在密封件29的外部管状件32中。电池外壳21的开口端是防漏的，因此金属垫圈26和阳极端板33的外周边部分由外管状件32紧固。紧固部分固定在电池外壳21的台阶部分25。
当电池内压过度增大时，密封件29的薄壁部分34破裂，并且流经该破裂部分的气体经分别形成于金属垫圈26和阳极端板33的通孔26a和33a流向外部。
由图5可见，现有技术防爆机构具有相当复杂的结构并且定位在电池内部。防爆机构所需的空间牺牲了发电元件的容量。
一旦防爆机构起作用使密封件29的薄壁部分34断裂，电解质就会经断裂部分的开口泄漏出去。开口不封闭而泄漏继续下去。在气体释放之后，甚至连可充电电池也不再能用。
在超过60℃的高温环境内，密封件的薄壁部分就拉伸而不破裂。因此防爆机构不再起作用并且可能导致电池爆炸。
本发明的主要目标是提供一种具有不牺牲发电元件空间而能增加发电元件总容量的防爆机构的圆柱形电池。
本发明的另一个目标是提供一种可以连续使用的圆柱形电池，它在防爆机构起作用释放完电池内部气体之后使电池内部与外部屏蔽。
发明内容
本发明的主要目标由圆柱形电池实现，该电池包括：容纳发电元件的电池外壳；密封所述电池外壳开口的密封件；以及设置在电池外壳开口附近并且底面向电池外壳内部弯曲的圆形槽；在所述槽底面上设置至少一个气体流出孔；以及密封所述气体流出孔的弹性环，其中所述弹性环固定在所述槽内部的方式为由所述槽狭窄的开口周边压迫。
本发明还提供了一种制造圆柱形电池的方法，包括以下步骤：在电池外壳开口附近提供至少一个气体流出孔；在所述电池外壳侧面形成通道以提供底面有气体流出孔的圆形槽；将密封件附着在所述电池外壳开口上并且使所述电池外壳开口端防漏以密封开口；使弹性环在槽内定形以密封所述气体流出孔；以及压迫电池外壳开口端部从而为压迫所述弹性环而使所述槽的开口周边收窄。
虽然在所附权利要求中限定了本发明的新特征，但是通过以下结合附图对本发明的描述将进一步理解本发明。
附图简述
图1为本发明一实例中碱性电池的省略前视图。
图2示出了制造图1所示碱性电池的前半部分过程。
图3示出了制造图1所示碱性电池的后半部分过程。
图4为本发明另一实例中另一碱性电池的省略前视图。
图5为现有技术碱性电池主要部件的剖面图。
实施发明的较佳方式
本发明的圆柱形电池包括设置在容纳发电元件的电池外壳的开口附近并且具有向电池外壳内弯曲的底面的圆形槽，其中槽的底面具有至少一个由密封件密封的气体流出孔。当电池外壳内压增加或者超过一异常高水平时，气体压迫密封元件并且经气体流出孔流向外部。
按照本发明的一个较佳模式，密封件为热熔粘合剂。比较好的是密封件为延伸入槽内的环形。
按照本发明的另一较佳模式，密封件为设置在槽内密封气体流出孔的弹性环。
比较好的是弹性环具有基本圆形的横剖面并且固定在槽内部。弹性环通过下压并且使电池外壳开口端向电池外壳底面变形以收窄槽的开口周边固定在槽内部。这种布局增强了弹性环密封气体流出孔的效果并且由此改进了防泄漏能力。
在弹性环与槽接触的面上涂覆密封剂层进一步改进了防泄漏能力。在电池外壳内气体流出孔周边部分涂覆防水剂进一步改进了防泄漏能力。
用于密封元件的比较好的热熔粘合剂实例是带不饱和酸的聚乙烯链接聚合物或者乙烯基醋酸共聚物，例如丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸。
用于密封件的弹性材料的典型实例包括诸如硅酮橡胶、氟橡胶、腈橡胶之类的硫化橡胶和诸如苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、聚酯-多醚共聚物以及聚丙烯的部分交联混合物之类的热塑人造橡胶以及乙烯-丙烯橡胶。
密封剂的例子包括沥青、液体硅橡胶和氯噻聚丙烯。防水剂的例子包括硅酮油脂和液体硅酮橡胶。
本发明还针对制造圆柱形电池的方法，它包括以下步骤：使熔融的热熔粘合剂从电池外壳圆形槽内的喷雾喷嘴喷出和固化以封闭圆形槽的气体流出孔。为了形成热熔粘合剂的环形密封件，当电池外壳旋转时在槽内喷出热熔粘合剂。当热塑人造橡胶用于密封件时，将模具放置为包围电池外壳的槽并且将热塑人造橡胶注模以形成延伸入电池外壳槽内的环形的密封件。
本发明进一步指向另一制造圆柱形电池的方法，它包括以下步骤：在电池外壳开口附近提供气体流出孔；在电池外壳侧面形成通道以提供底面具有气体流出孔的圆形槽；将密封件附着在电池外壳开口上并且填满电池外壳开口端部以密封开口；使弹性环在槽内定形以密封气体流出孔；以及压迫电池外壳开口端部使其变形而使槽的开口周边收窄。
根据本发明一较佳模式，该方法进一步包括在将密封件附着在电池外壳开口之前将防水剂涂覆在电池外壳内部气体流出孔周边部分的步骤。
比较好的是，在弹性环定形在槽内之前在槽内涂覆密封剂。
以下借助附图详细描述本发明的实例。附图仅仅示出了电池的示意性结构，并不精确代表各元件的相对尺寸和位置。
实例1
本实例描述了具有重定形防爆机构的电池。
图1示出了本实例碱性电池的结构。电池外壳1由镀镍不锈钢组成并且起阴极端的作用。电池外壳1内容纳主要包括二氧化锰和石墨的阴极混合物2、分隔件3和包括锌粉末、碱性电解液与凝胶剂的胶凝阳极4。
具有向电池外壳1内弯的底面的圆形槽5形成于电池外壳1上开口附近。槽5的底面具有一个或少量气体流出孔6。弹性环7在槽5内定形以密封气体流出孔6。如果是AAA尺寸的碱性干电池，比较好的是形成2-4个直径在0.1-0.5mm范围内的气体流出孔6。
密封电池外壳1开口的合成树脂密封件9包括支撑一端插入胶凝阳极4的阳极收集器8的中心管状部件10、支撑阳极端板13的厚壁圆形部件11以及当电池外壳1的开口端防漏时加固阳极端板13周边部分的L形外部管状部件12。
以下借助图2和3描述制造该电池的示意性过程。
该方法首先在圆柱形电池外壳1的上开口附近形成气体流出孔6，它由预定材料构成(图2(a))。随后该方法将阴极混合物的模塑圆柱形空心片插入电池外壳1，将圆柱形空心片压入电池外壳1，并且在电池外壳1的外侧面上特定部分形成通道，它包括气体流出孔(图2(b))。该方法随后将分隔件3固定在形成槽5的电池外壳1内以使气体流出孔6在底面上，并且将胶凝锌阳极4注入形成于分隔件3内部的凹口内。此时，防水剂涂覆在电池外壳1内部气体流出孔开口周边上。为了方便开槽，比较好的是如图1和4所示形成的气体流出孔略微偏离槽5的中心。
该方法随后将带有阳极收集器8和阳极端板13的密封件—收集器组件14放入电池外壳(图2(c))。当槽5由嵌入电池外壳1的槽5的卡盘固定时，电池外壳1在预先防漏的装置中定形。该方法使电池外壳1的开口端防漏，从而使覆盖在阳极端板13周边部分的密封件9的外部管状部件12的特定部分形成在通过槽5形成在电池外壳1内部的台阶和电池外壳1的防漏开口端之间(图2(d))。此时，密封剂涂覆在槽5内。密封剂无需涂覆在整个槽内。涂覆可以仅仅限定在气体流出孔附近。
该方法随后将弹性环放置在夹具15上，它任意地调整直径(图3(e))，并且使弹性环在电池外壳1的槽5内定形(图3(f))。该方法随后将组装电池放置在密封装置内(图3(g))。密封装置包括安装电池的工作台16、电池上半部分插入其中的冲模17以及在冲模17内向下运动以压迫电池外壳1开口端的压迫件18。当电池外壳1的外表面由冲模17固定时，电池外壳1的开口端由压迫件18下压。电池外壳1的槽5的开口周边随后如图1所示变形，从而使弹性环7被压缩和固定在槽5内。该方法随后调整如弹性环构造的阀门的开阀压力以密封气体流出孔，并且将电池的总高度调整至预定尺寸。
该实例的圆柱形电池具有通过弹性环在槽内的定形构造的可逆安全阀门，它形成于电池外壳开口附近的电池外壳外面并且具有气体流出孔。在安全阀门随电池内部压力增大而起作用从而释放气体时，气体流出孔再次由弹性环密封。即在安全阀门起作用之后没有液体经气体流出孔泄漏。安全阀门形成于电池外面上，从而减少电池密封开口内所需的空间并且使电池能够具有与现有技术的防爆机构相比较高的容量。例如将本发明的布局应用于AAA尺寸的碱性干电池将容量提高了5％。
实例2
本实例描述了带非重定形防爆机构的电池。
图4示出了该实例碱性电池的结构。在图中，与图1相同的单元用相同的标号表示。在本实例的结构中，在槽5底面形成一个气体流出孔6并且由密封单元7’(由热熔粘合剂组成)密封。外壳标签19由热收缩树脂组成并且具有商标印记、电池等级等。
在该实例中，密封件7’为环形。环形密封件7’通过在电池外壳1在图3(e)步骤中旋转的同时将熔融的热熔粘合剂从注入器注入槽5内。
密封件7’也可以不是环形而是简单地卡在气体流出孔6的周边部分，从而密封气体流出孔。在这种情况下，由于担心密封件剥离，所以比较好的是确保粘合剂与电池外壳1有足够的面积。当密封件7’卡在槽5上以仅仅覆盖气体流出孔6附近时，在槽5底部与无密封件7’的特定部分内的外壳标签19之间有一间隔。当例如由作为以电池电力驱动的装置端构造的弹簧端部将外力施加在外壳标签特定部分上时，外壳标签可能撕裂或弄皱。环形密封元件不会引起这种问题。
上述实施例涉及碱性电池，但是本发明的原理也可应用于其他圆柱形电池，例如锂电池。特殊的优点是本发明应用于具有由槽限定的台阶部分的结构，它形成于电池外壳开口附近以支撑密封件。本发明的原理比较好的是应用于锂电池，其中内压可能由于异常电流负载或异常加热下异常放电或化学反应而异常增大。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明提供了具有不牺牲发电元件空间而能增加其总容量的防爆机构的圆柱形电池。
对密封件应用弹性环给出的圆柱形电池有效防止了防爆机构作用之后电解质的泄漏。
Claims (4)
1.一种圆柱形电池，其特征在于包括：容纳发电元件的电池外壳；密封所述电池外壳开口的密封件；以及设置在电池外壳开口附近并且底面向电池外壳内部弯曲的圆形槽；在所述槽底面上设置至少一个气体流出孔；以及密封所述气体流出孔的弹性环，
其中所述弹性环固定在所述槽内部的方式为由所述槽狭窄的开口周边压迫。
2.如权利要求1所述的圆柱形电池，其特征在于密封剂层涂覆在与所述槽接触的所述弹性环的面上。
3.如权利要求1所述的圆柱形电池，其特征在于在所述电池外壳内部的气体流出孔周边部分涂覆防水剂。
4.一种制造圆柱形电池的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：在电池外壳开口附近提供至少一个气体流出孔；在所述电池外壳侧面形成通道以提供底面有气体流出孔的圆形槽；将密封件附着在所述电池外壳开口上并且使所述电池外壳开口端防漏以密封开口；使弹性环在槽内定形以密封所述气体流出孔；以及压迫电池外壳开口端部从而为压迫所述弹性环而使所述槽的开口周边收窄。
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| JP2000030958A JP2001015094A (ja) | 1999-04-30 | 2000-02-08 | 円筒形電池およびその製造方法 |
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| CN1349667A CN1349667A (zh) | 2002-05-15 |
| CN1171331C true CN1171331C (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
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| CN107925033A (zh) * | 2015-09-01 | 2018-04-17 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 电池单元及其制造方法 |
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| US7074516B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2006-07-11 | Rovcal, Inc. | Vent for cylindrical electrochemical batteries |
| ITGE20020061A1 (it) * | 2002-07-05 | 2004-01-05 | Ali Spa | Metodo per la formazione di elementi integrati di guarnizione su manufatti di plastica mediante sovrastampaggio con pellicole siliconiche. |
| KR100696785B1 (ko) * | 2005-04-25 | 2007-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 원통형 리튬 이차 전지 |
| EP1777762A3 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Alkaline battery |
| EP1777763A3 (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2007-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Alkaline battery |
| JP4952123B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-13 | 2012-06-13 | パナソニック株式会社 | コンデンサユニット |
| JP5153113B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-11 | 2013-02-27 | パナソニック株式会社 | アルカリ一次電池 |
| US20080274396A1 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2008-11-06 | Robert Lyle Routson | Battery Vent |
| DE102007038491B4 (de) * | 2007-08-14 | 2010-08-12 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Gelenk- und/oder Lageranordnung |
| EP3276701A1 (de) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-01-31 | VARTA Microbattery GmbH | Elektrochemische zelle und vorrichtung mit der zelle |
| CN107946609A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-20 | 中银（宁波）电池有限公司 | 圆柱形碱性电池 |
| WO2021211008A1 (ru) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-21 | Сергей Владимирович КНЯЗЕВ | Фитинг для пэт кега |
| CN112310553B (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2022-09-06 | 深圳市合壹新能技术有限公司 | 电池壳体安装结构及纽扣电池 |
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| DE624066C (de) * | 1936-01-11 | Siemens & Halske Akt Ges | Elektrolytischer Kondensator mit einem Ventil aus einer duesenartigen OEffnung und einer Abdichtung aus elastischem Material | |
| GB617756A (en) * | 1945-11-14 | 1949-02-10 | Burgess Battery Co | Improvements in or relating to electric dry cells |
| NL70000C (zh) | 1947-01-17 | |||
| DE857987C (de) * | 1951-04-29 | 1952-12-04 | Walter Brandt G M B H | Kondensator |
| US3256117A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1966-06-14 | Gulton Ind Inc | Battery casing with improved seal and vent |
| DE2424428A1 (de) * | 1974-05-20 | 1975-12-04 | Fuji Electrochemical Co Ltd | Alkalizelle |
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2000
- 2000-02-08 JP JP2000030958A patent/JP2001015094A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-29 EP EP00912938A patent/EP1181726A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2000-03-29 US US09/959,558 patent/US6703157B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2000-03-29 KR KR10-2001-7013238A patent/KR100425032B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107925033A (zh) * | 2015-09-01 | 2018-04-17 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 电池单元及其制造方法 |
| CN107925033B (zh) * | 2015-09-01 | 2020-12-25 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 电池单元及其制造方法 |
| US11557810B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2023-01-17 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Battery cell having main gas discharge tube and method for manufacturing the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| AU759424B2 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| CA2367421C (en) | 2005-09-20 |
| EP1181726A1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
| KR20010110773A (ko) | 2001-12-13 |
| JP2001015094A (ja) | 2001-01-19 |
| CA2367421A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
| US6703157B1 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
| AU3454500A (en) | 2000-11-17 |
| CN1349667A (zh) | 2002-05-15 |
| KR100425032B1 (ko) | 2004-03-31 |
| BR0010159A (pt) | 2002-01-15 |
| WO2000067335A1 (en) | 2000-11-09 |
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