CN117123907A - Friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials - Google Patents
Friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN117123907A CN117123907A CN202311346198.4A CN202311346198A CN117123907A CN 117123907 A CN117123907 A CN 117123907A CN 202311346198 A CN202311346198 A CN 202311346198A CN 117123907 A CN117123907 A CN 117123907A
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- plate
- welding
- needleless
- stirring head
- pressing
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005574 cross-species transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum alloys Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The application discloses a dissimilar material additive friction stir welding method, which comprises the following steps: processing the first plate and the second plate into required specifications; step two: machining a groove on the surface of the first plate, and cleaning the first plate and the second plate; step three: the first plate and the second plate are vertically overlapped on a welding table and clamped by a clamp; step four: adopting a needleless stirring head to weld the plates; step five: adopting a needleless consumable stirring head to weld the plates for the second time, wherein the needleless consumable stirring head is the same as the first plate in material; through processing out a recess at the metal sheet surface, the carbon fiber interweaving phenomenon of carbon fiber composite material is destroyed by the transition in the welding effectively when first time welding, uses the needleless consumptive material stirring head with the same material of metal sheet when the second time welding, can restrain carbon fiber composite material and spill over the stirring district, avoids appearing the poor problem of welding seam shaping, has guaranteed the effective combination of welding seam department vibration material disk.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of additive manufacturing welding, in particular to a friction stir welding method for dissimilar material additives.
Background
Light metals such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and the like are widely used in the manufacturing industry because of their low density, high strength and rigidity, and the like. The carbon fiber composite material is also applied to the fields of aerospace, automotive electronics, medical appliances and the like due to the excellent performances of high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance.
With the continuous development of manufacturing industry at home and abroad, the requirements of a carbon fiber-based composite material and a light metal connecting structure are increased, but the two materials have larger physical and chemical property differences and are metallurgically incompatible, so that the connection between the two materials has certain difficulty; in order to ensure the connection strength and stability, the joint form and structure need to be designed reasonably; the joint design needs to consider factors such as the nature of materials, the connection process, the stress condition and the like, so the joint design is also a difficult point in the connection process. Friction stir welding (friction stir welding) is used as a novel solid-phase connection technology, the peak temperature of a welding line in the welding process is lower than the melting point of a welded material, the defects of air holes, uneven stress distribution and the like generated in the welding process of fusion welding can be avoided, and the mechanical property of a connecting component can be effectively improved. This technique is therefore increasingly used for the joining of metals to composite materials.
In the prior art, the welding of the light metal and the carbon fiber composite material is realized by conventional friction stir welding technologies such as design of a stirring head, selection of welding parameters, surface treatment and the like, and the time required by the design of the shape, the size and the material of the stirring head is long, so that the economic cost is high; the regulation and control of welding parameters requires a great deal of time and manpower; the surface treatment means needs to consider the factors such as compatibility, bonding strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like of the two materials; the traditional stirring head welding process with the needle can enable the structure of the carbon fiber to change when the metal is connected with the composite material, for example, long fibers are changed into short fibers through stirring of the stirring head, the joint strength is finally affected, a groove is formed in the surface of the metal in the prior art, and the groove is filled with powder to realize connection of dissimilar materials.
The prior art also realizes the connection of two materials through the external auxiliary friction stir welding technical means, and the external auxiliary technology comprises: heat source, cold source ultrasound, etc.; the main disadvantage of heat source assistance is the inconvenience of operation control. The cold source is used for assisting the actual operation, so that the cold pipe and the welding line are difficult to attach tightly, and the efficiency is extremely low; compared with other high-energy welding methods such as laser welding, electron beam welding and the like, the ultrasonic auxiliary method has low efficiency, can influence the production efficiency, and has a relatively narrow application range of ultrasonic friction stir welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials in order to solve the problem of low production efficiency in the welding of the existing metal plate and carbon fiber composite material.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for achieving the purpose is as follows: a friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials comprises the following steps:
step one: processing a first plate 1 and a second plate 2 into required specifications, wherein the first plate 1 is a metal plate, and the second plate 2 is a polymer plate;
step two: machining a groove 6 on the surface of the first plate 1, and cleaning the first plate 1 and the second plate 2;
step three: the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 are vertically overlapped on a welding table and clamped by a clamp;
step four: adopting a needleless stirring head 3 to weld the plates at a specified welding speed, a specified rotating speed and a specified pressing amount of a shaft shoulder 5;
step five: after the first welding is finished, the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is adopted to weld the plate for the second time at a specified welding speed, a specified rotating speed and a specified pressing quantity, the pressing quantity is correspondingly regulated according to the loss of the material of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 in the welding process, and the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is the same as the material of the first plate 1.
Preferably, in the second step, the first plate 1 has a thickness H, a length D, a diameter D of the shoulder 5, and a height H of the groove 6 1 Length D 1 Width is L 1 The H is 1 、D 1 And L 1 The range of values of (2) is as follows:
H/4≤H 1 ≤3H/4
D 1 <D
d≤L1≤2d
preferably, in the second step, the shape of the groove 6 is rectangular, stepped or zigzag.
Preferably, in the third step, the fixture includes a pressing plate 8, pressing studs 9 and nuts 10, the pressing plate 8 is disposed on two sides of the groove 6, and the pressing studs 9 penetrate through the pressing plate 8 and are connected with the nuts 10.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the welding speed range is: the rotation speed range of the needleless stirring head 3 is 10-80 mm/min: the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder 5 ranges from 0.1mm to 0.5mm at 900r/min to 2000r/min, and the pressing duration of the needleless stirring head 3 is 4s.
Preferably, in the fourth step, when the thickness of the first plate 1 is 2mm, the welding speed is 10mm/min, the rotation speed of the needleless stirring head 3 is 1600r/min, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder 5 is 0.2mm.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the diameter of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is D 2 The value range is as follows: .
L 1 /2≤D 2 ≤L 1
Preferably, in the fifth step, the welding speed range is: the rotation speed range of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is 10-300 mm/min: 800-1600r/min, the pressing amount range is: the pressing duration of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is 4s, and the pressing duration is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Preferably, in the fifth step, when the pressing amount is 0.1mm, the welding speed of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is: 5mm/min, the rotation speed is: 900r/min.
Preferably, the first plate 1 is an aluminum alloy plate, and the second plate 2 is a carbon fiber composite plate.
According to the friction stir welding method for the dissimilar material additive materials, the groove is processed on the surface of the metal plate, the needleless stirring head is used in the first welding, so that polymers in the carbon fiber composite materials below are caused to flow into the metal plate, mechanical occlusion is formed at the welding joint, the connection strength of the welding joint is enhanced, the carbon fiber interweaving phenomenon of the carbon fiber composite materials in welding is effectively prevented from being damaged in a transitional manner, the needleless consumable stirring head which is made of the same material as the metal plate is used in the second welding, the stirring head is made into consumable materials, materials on the stirring head are dissolved in the groove through high-speed rotation in the welding process, the problem of poor welding seam forming is avoided, the effective combination of the materials at the welding joint is ensured, and the production efficiency of the dissimilar material welding is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of welding after the groove is processed in the metal plate according to the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the clamping of the clamp of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the needleless consumable stirring head welding of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a first sheet material; 2. a second plate; 3. a needle-free stirring head; 4. needle-free consumable stirring head; 5. a shaft shoulder; 6. a groove; 7. welding seams; 8. a pressing plate; 9. compressing the stud; 10. a nut; 11. a welding direction; 12. the direction of rotation.
Detailed Description
The application relates to a dissimilar material additive friction stir welding method, which is shown in fig. 1 to 3 and comprises the following steps:
step one: processing a first plate 1 and a second plate 2 into required specifications, wherein the first plate 1 is an aluminum alloy plate, and the second plate 2 is a carbon fiber composite plate;
step two: a groove 6 is processed on the surface of the first plate 1, the shape of the groove 6 is rectangle, ladder-shaped or zigzag, and the groove is clearCleaning the first plate 1 and the second plate 2, removing oxides, greasy dirt and the like on the surfaces of the plates, and ensuring welding quality; wherein the thickness of the first plate 1 is H, the length is D, the diameter of the shaft shoulder 5 is D, the shaft shoulder 5 is a smooth plane, D is 10-20mm, and the height of the groove 6 is H 1 Length D 1 Width is L 1 ，H 1 、D 1 And L 1 The range of values of (2) is as follows:
H/4≤H 1 ≤3H/4
D 1 <D
d≤L1≤2d
the structure ensures that the structure of the carbon fiber composite material plate is not easy to be damaged, promotes the polymer in the carbon fiber composite material plate to flow to the aluminum alloy plate, forms a mechanical engagement structure at the weld joint, and avoids the influence of oversized slot on the welded weld joint strength of the plate.
Step three: the first plate 1 and the second plate 2 are vertically lapped on a welding table and clamped by a clamp, the clamp comprises a pressing plate 8, a pressing stud 9 and a nut 10, the pressing plate 8 is clamped on two sides of the groove 6, and two ends of the pressing stud 9 penetrate through the pressing plate 8 and are connected with the nut 10;
step four: adopting needleless stirring 3 to weld the plates, wherein the welding speed range is as follows: the rotation speed range of the needleless stirring head 3 is 10-80 mm/min: the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder 5 ranges from 0.1mm to 0.5mm at 900r/min to 2000r/min, and the pressing duration of the needleless stirring head 3 is 4s. When the thickness of the first plate 1 is 2mm, the welding speed is 10mm/min, the rotating speed of the needleless stirring head 3 is 1600r/min, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder 5 is 0.2mm.
Step five: after the first welding is finished, the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is adopted to weld the plates for the second time, the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is the same as the first plate 1 in material, the pressing quantity is correspondingly regulated according to the loss of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 in the welding process, the integral filling of the welding seam is ensured, the tight combination of the material adding and the welded plates is realized, and the diameter of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is D 2 The value range is as follows: .
L 1 /2≤D 2 ≤L 1
Wherein the welding speed range is: the rotation speed range of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is 10-300 mm/min: 800-1600r/min, the pressing amount range is: the pressing duration of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is 4s, and the pressing duration is 0.1-0.3 mm. When the pressing amount is 0.1mm, the welding speed of the needleless consumable stirring head 4 is as follows: 5mm/min, the rotation speed is: 900r/min.
According to the friction stir welding method for the dissimilar material additive, the groove is processed on the surface of the metal plate, the needleless stirring head is used in the first welding, so that polymers in the carbon fiber composite material below flow into the metal plate, mechanical occlusion is formed at the welding joint, the connection strength of the welding joint is enhanced, the carbon fiber interweaving phenomenon of the carbon fiber composite material in welding is effectively prevented from being damaged in a transitional manner, the carbon fiber composite material is combined with the metal plate on the basis of being unaffected, the strength of the welding joint is ensured, the needleless consumable stirring head made of the same material as the metal plate is used in the second welding, the stirring head is made into consumable materials, the materials on the stirring head are dissolved in the groove through high-speed rotation in the welding, the problem that the carbon fiber composite material overflows a stirring area is avoided, the problem of poor welding joint forming is solved, the effective fusion of the additive at the welding joint is ensured, and the production efficiency of the dissimilar material in the welding is improved.
The present application has been described in terms of embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that various changes can be made to the features and embodiments, or equivalents can be substituted, without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the application without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the application not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the application will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The friction stir welding method for the dissimilar material additive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: processing a first plate (1) and a second plate (2) into required specifications, wherein the first plate (1) is a metal plate, and the second plate (2) is a polymer plate;
step two: machining a groove (6) on the surface of the first plate (1), and cleaning the first plate (1) and the second plate (2);
step three: the first plate (1) and the second plate (2) are vertically overlapped on a welding table and clamped by a clamp;
step four: adopting a needleless stirring head (3) to weld the plates at a specified welding speed, a specified rotating speed and a specified pressing amount of a shaft shoulder (5);
step five: after the first welding is finished, the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is adopted to weld the plate for the second time at a specified welding speed, a specified rotating speed and a specified pressing quantity, the pressing quantity is correspondingly regulated according to the loss of the material of the needleless consumable stirring head (4) in the welding process, and the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is the same as the material of the first plate (1).
2. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the first plate (1) has a thickness H and a length D, the shoulder (5) has a diameter D, and the groove (6) has a height H 1 Length D 1 Width is L 1 The H is 1 、D 1 And L 1 The range of values of (2) is as follows:
H/4≤H 1 ≤3H/4
D 1 <D
d≤L1≤2d
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the groove (6) is rectangular, stepped or zigzag.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the clamp comprises a pressing plate (8), pressing studs (9) and nuts (10), the pressing plate (8) is arranged at two sides of the groove (6), and the pressing studs (9) penetrate through the pressing plate (8) and are connected with the nuts (10).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the welding speed range is: the rotation speed range of the needleless stirring head (3) is 10-80 mm/min: the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder (5) ranges from 0.1mm to 0.5mm at 900r/min to 2000r/min, and the pressing duration of the needleless stirring head (3) is 4s.
6. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar material additive according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, when the thickness of the first plate (1) is 2mm, the welding speed is 10mm/min, the rotation speed of the needleless stirring head (3) is 1600r/min, and the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder (5) is 0.2mm.
7. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar material additive according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the diameter of the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is D 2 The value range is as follows: .
L 1 /2≤D 2 ≤L 1
8. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the welding speed range is: the rotation speed range of the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is 10-300 mm/min: 800-1600r/min, the pressing amount range is: the pressing duration of the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is 4s, wherein the pressing duration is 0.1-0.3 mm.
9. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar material additive according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, when the pressing amount is 0.1mm, the welding speed of the needleless consumable stirring head (4) is as follows: 5mm/min, the rotation speed is: 900r/min.
10. The method for friction stir welding of dissimilar material according to claim 1, wherein the first plate (1) is an aluminum alloy plate and the second plate (2) is a carbon fiber composite plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311346198.4A CN117123907A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311346198.4A CN117123907A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117123907A true CN117123907A (en) | 2023-11-28 |
Family
ID=88863072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311346198.4A Pending CN117123907A (en) | 2023-10-18 | 2023-10-18 | Friction stir welding method for adding materials to dissimilar materials |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117123907A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-10-18 CN CN202311346198.4A patent/CN117123907A/en active Pending
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