CN113523534A - Additive method friction stir welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection - Google Patents
Additive method friction stir welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention discloses an additive method friction stir welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection, and belongs to the technical field of dissimilar material welding. The process adopts a mode of adding a low-melting metal sheet above a welded plate, completely offsets a stirring pin, avoids abrasion and fracture of a welding tool, and simultaneously controls heat input, thereby realizing metallurgical bonding between dissimilar materials. The invention can obviously improve the mechanical property of the welding joint of dissimilar materials and solve the problems of difficult formation of a welding seam, poor welding quality, damage to a welding tool, high cost and the like in the prior art. The welding method is particularly suitable for welding between low-melting-point metal (aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like) and high-hardness/high-melting-point material (steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous and ceramic), and is suitable for welding of various structural forms such as plates, profiles, pipes and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of material welding, in particular to a material increase method friction stir welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection, which is suitable for dissimilar material welding, and is particularly suitable for welding between low-melting-point metals (aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like) and high-hardness/high-melting-point materials (steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous and ceramic).
Background art:
the connection of dissimilar materials can give full play to the respective advantages of the two materials, and the method has very wide application in industry, and particularly has the most important connection application of low-melting-point metals (aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like) and high-hardness/high-melting-point metals (steel, copper alloy, titanium alloy, ceramic, high-temperature alloy, amorphous and the like). However, due to the great difference in physical and chemical properties between dissimilar materials, it is difficult to achieve high quality connections using conventional welding processes. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid phase welding process invented by the british institute of welding in 1991. FSW has gained increasing attention due to its many advantages in the welding of dissimilar materials. However, when welding dissimilar materials by FSW, a pin is partially offset so that a small amount of the pin is in a high hardness/high melting point material, as shown in fig. 2. The existing FSW process has great disadvantages, mainly including:
(1) because the welding tool and the shaft shoulder are required to enter high-hardness/high-melting-point materials, common welding tool materials cannot be met, and only expensive materials such as W-Re alloy, cubic boron nitride and the like can be adopted to process the welding tool, so that the cost is greatly improved, the material has poor processability, the appearance optimization of the tool is difficult to carry out, the abrasion loss can be increased due to the contact with a hard material, and a stirring needle is very easy to break, so that the finished product rate is low, and the practicability in the industry is poor;
(2) due to the stirring effect of the welding tool on the high-hardness/high-melting-point material, large-size particles of the high-hardness/high-melting-point material often exist in a welding nucleus area, the particles are very easy to become a fatigue crack source in the subsequent service process, hidden dangers are brought to practical industrial application, the flowability of the welding nucleus area is poor due to the existence of the large-size particles, defects are easily generated, and the performance of a joint is obviously reduced;
(3) for low-melting-point materials and superhard materials (ceramics, amorphous materials and the like), the existing welding tool materials cannot enter the superhard materials, and the stirring pin is broken at the welding insertion stage, so that the material system, especially the material system with a large plate thickness (more than 5mm), is usually not weldable, and the engineering application of the material system is greatly limited.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an additive friction stir welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection, which solves the problems of overhigh welding cost, poor welding quality, low service performance of a joint, low industrial practical applicability and the like of dissimilar materials in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a stirring friction welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection by an additive method is used for butt welding between low-melting-point metal and high-hardness/high-melting-point material, and comprises the following process steps: firstly, butt-jointing and fixing a low-melting-point metal base material and a high-hardness/high-melting-point material base material, wherein butt-jointing contact surfaces of the base materials are designed into mutually matched inclined surfaces, and interface metallurgical bonding can be improved by utilizing the inclined surfaces; then placing a low-melting-point metal sheet above the base metal to be welded, and completely offsetting a stirring pin of a welding tool at one side of the low-melting-point metal base metal; and welding according to the friction stir welding parameters with higher heat input to obtain the friction stir welding joint of the dissimilar materials with excellent performance. The process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically polishing the welding surfaces of the two materials, and then cleaning the welding surfaces by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) placing a high-hardness/high-melting-point material base metal on an advancing side, wherein the advancing side refers to one side with the welding direction consistent with the tool rotating direction, and clamping the base metal to be welded and a low-melting-point metal sheet after the low-melting-point metal sheet is placed above the base metal to be welded;
(3) selecting a welding tool with a proper size, completely offsetting the stirring pin at one side of the low-melting-point metal base metal, and selecting a higher heat input parameter to carry out friction stir welding;
(4) and after welding, milling and removing the low-melting-point material higher than the upper surface of the base material.
The thickness delta t of the low-melting-point metal sheet is 1-3 mm, and the distance l from the edge of the stirring pin to the high-hardness/high-melting-point material parent metal is 0-0.3 mm.
In order to enhance the material flow near the interface and promote the interface metallurgical bonding of the two materials, the welding tool adopts a tapered threaded stirring pin, the butt joint surfaces of the parent materials of the two welded materials are processed into the butt joint of the inclined interface, the inclination angle alpha is the same as the half cone angle of the stirring pin (0.5 time of the cone angle), and the inclination angle alpha is 8-15 degrees. The inclination angle alpha is the angle formed by the butt joint interface of the welded parent metal and the vertical direction.
The welding tool material of the invention is low-cost common tool steel H13 or M42 and the like, the stirring pin is a conical thread pin, and the diameter of the stirring pin is 0.8-1.5 times of the thickness of the high-hardness/high-melting-point material plate.
In the welding process, the invention adopts higher heat input parameters to promote the metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar material interface, and the friction stir welding parameters are as follows: the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800-2000 r/min, the advancing speed is 50-200 mm/min, the reduction delta of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the reduction delta of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool refers to the depth of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool pressed into the low-melting-point metal sheet.
The low-melting-point metal is aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy and the like, and the high-hardness/high-melting-point material is steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous or ceramic material.
The welding process is suitable for welding various structural forms such as plates, profiles or pipes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides an additive friction stir welding process for realizing high-quality connection of dissimilar materials, which is characterized in that a low-cost steel stirring head is used, a stirring needle is completely offset on the side of a low-melting-point material, and a low-melting-point metal sheet is added above a welded plate, so that a welding tool is prevented from contacting a high-hardness/high-melting-point material, meanwhile, a higher heat input parameter is adopted to ensure the heat input quantity, an inclined interface is adopted to ensure sufficient material flow near the interface, and the metallurgical bonding of the dissimilar material interface is promoted. Compared with the conventional process adopting expensive tungsten-rhenium alloy and cubic boron nitride welding tools, the process has the advantages that the cost is greatly reduced due to the adoption of the steel welding tool, the welding difficulty is greatly reduced due to the fact that the welding process is mainly carried out on one side of a low-melting-point material, a welding seam is easier to form under the condition that the heat input quantity and the material flow are sufficient, the mechanical property of a joint is improved, and the process is very suitable for industrial production.
2. In the additive friction stir welding process, the shaft shoulder and the stirring pin of the welding tool only contact the low-melting-point material in the welding process, so that the service life of the welding tool is greatly prolonged, and the stirring pin does not contact or is far away from the high-hardness/high-melting-point material, so that the problem that a large number of high-hardness/high-melting-point material particles enter a welding nucleus area is avoided, the defect rate is greatly reduced, the yield of products is improved, and the risk of premature formation of fatigue cracks in the subsequent service process is eliminated. Therefore, the new additive friction stir welding process is reasonably believed to have wide industrial application prospects in the field of dissimilar material welding.
3. The invention can obviously improve the weld forming ability of dissimilar materials, enhance the mechanical property of a welding joint, is particularly suitable for welding between low-melting-point metals (aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like) and high-hardness/high-melting-point materials (steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous and ceramic), and is suitable for welding of various structural forms of plates, sections, pipes and the like.
4. The welding process of the invention is suitable for welding dissimilar metals (such as aluminum-copper, aluminum-steel, aluminum-titanium, magnesium-steel, aluminum-magnesium and the like) and metals and nonmetals (such as metal-amorphous, metal-ceramic and the like).
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an additive friction stir welding process of the present invention; wherein: (a) an initial state; (b) a welding state; (c) after welding is finished; (d) and (5) milling.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional friction stir welding process.
FIG. 3 shows the appearance of an aluminum-low carbon steel interface by scanning electron microscopy.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The invention provides an additive friction stir welding process for realizing high-quality connection of low-melting-point metal (aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy) and high-hardness/high-melting-point material (steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous or ceramic material), which has the process flow as shown in figure 1 and comprises the following specific processes:
(1) mechanically polishing the welding surfaces of the two materials, and then cleaning the welding surfaces by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) placing a high-hardness/high-melting-point material base metal on an advancing side, wherein the advancing side is the side with the welding direction consistent with the tool rotating direction, and clamping the base metal to be welded and a low-melting-point metal sheet after the low-melting-point metal sheet with the thickness delta t of 1-3 mm is placed above the base metal to be welded;
(3) selecting a welding tool with a proper size, completely offsetting the stirring pin at one side of the low-melting-point metal base material, setting the distance l from the edge of the stirring pin to the high-hardness/high-melting-point material base material to be 0-0.3 mm, and selecting a higher heat input parameter to carry out friction stir welding; the parameters Δ t and l are shown in FIG. 1 (a);
(4) and after welding, milling and removing the low-melting-point material higher than the upper surface of the base material.
The thickness delta t of the low melting point metal sheet is 1 to 3mm, the distance l from the edge of the stirring pin to the base material of the high hardness/high melting point material is 0 to 0.3 mm,
example 1
A1060 pure aluminum rolled plate with the thickness of 5mm, low-carbon steel Q345 with the tensile strength of 120MPa and the thickness of 5mm and the tensile strength of 520MPa are used, and 1060 pure aluminum with the thickness of 1mm is selected as an additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 22 mm, the stirring pin is a conical threaded pin, the half cone angle alpha is 10 degrees (also is the angle alpha between an inclined interface and the vertical direction), the diameter of a root part is 6 mm, the length of the pin is 5.7 mm, the distance between the edge of the stirring pin and low-carbon steel is 0 mm in the welding process, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder (the concentration of pressed additive materials) is 0.2 mm, and a defect-free welding joint is obtained under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1000 r/min and the advancing speed is 100 mm/min. The structure observation shows that the interface is relatively flat, the combination is good, and no large-size steel particles appear in the welding nucleus area (figure 3). The tensile test at room temperature shows that the joint is broken in the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, and the tensile strength is 100 MPa.
Comparative example 1-1
1060 pure aluminum rolled plate (tensile strength 120MPa) and low carbon steel Q345 (tensile strength 520MPa) each having a thickness of 5mm were used. The welding tool is made of W-5Re alloy, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 22 mm, a stirring pin is a cylindrical threaded pin, the diameter is 6 mm, the length of the pin is 4.7 mm, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder in the welding process is 0.2 mm (the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm below a plate), most of the stirring pin is located on the aluminum plate, the distance between the center line of the stirring pin and a welding interface is 2mm, and the stirring pin is located in low-carbon steel by 1 mm. The weld joint was obtained at welding parameters of a welding tool speed of 1000 revolutions per minute and a travel speed of 100 mm per minute. The structure observation shows that a large amount of large-size steel particles exist in the welding nucleus area, and micropore defects are formed nearby the particles, and the room-temperature tensile test shows that the joint is broken in the welding nucleus area, the fluctuation of the tensile strength is large, and the average value is 45 MPa.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
A1060 pure aluminum rolled plate with the thickness of 5mm, low-carbon steel Q345 with the tensile strength of 120MPa and the thickness of 5mm and the tensile strength of 520MPa are used, and 1060 pure aluminum with the thickness of 0.5mm is selected as an additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 22 mm, a stirring needle is a conical threaded needle, the angle of a half cone angle (inclined interface) is 10 degrees, the diameter of a root part is 6 mm, the length of the needle is 5.2 mm, the edge of the stirring needle is 0 mm away from low-carbon steel in the welding process, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm, the welding is carried out under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1000 r/min and the advancing speed is 100 mm/min, because the material additive is too thin, the stirring needle is torn off in the welding process, no filler material is arranged below the shaft shoulder, the material flow and heat input are insufficient, good metallurgical bonding is not formed between aluminum and steel, a welding seam is cracked after the welding is finished, and the welding is not successfully finished.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
A1060 pure aluminum rolled plate with the thickness of 5mm, low-carbon steel Q345 with the tensile strength of 120MPa and the thickness of 5mm and 520MPa are used, and 1060 pure aluminum with the thickness of 5mm is selected as an additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 22 mm, a stirring needle is a conical threaded needle, the angle of a half cone angle (inclined interface) is 10 degrees, the diameter of a root part is 6 mm, the length of the needle is 5.2 mm, the distance between the edge of the stirring needle and low-carbon steel is 0 mm in the welding process, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm, the welding is carried out under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1000 r/min and the advancing speed is 100 mm/min, because the material increasing material is too thick, the influence of heat generated by the shaft shoulder on a welding core area and the stirring action of the stirring needle are weakened, the material flow and heat input at the interface are insufficient, good metallurgical bonding is not formed between aluminum and steel, and a room temperature tensile test shows that a joint is broken at the interface and the tensile strength is only about 40 MPa.
Example 2
A1060 pure aluminum plate with the thickness of 20 mm, a low-carbon steel Q345 plate with the tensile strength of 110MPa and the thickness of 20 mm and the tensile strength of 520MPa are used, and 1060 pure aluminum with the thickness of 3mm is selected as an additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel material, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 30 mm, the stirring pin is a conical thread pin, the angle of a half cone angle (inclined interface) is 8 degrees, the diameter of the root part is 14 mm, the length of the pin is 22.7 mm, the distance between the edge of the stirring pin and low carbon steel is 0.3 mm in the welding process, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm, and a defect-free welding joint is obtained under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800 r/min and the advancing speed is 50 mm/min. The structure observation shows that the interface is relatively flat and straight, and no large-size steel particles appear in a welding nucleus area. The tensile test at room temperature shows that the joint is broken in the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, and the tensile strength is 95 MPa.
Comparative example 2
1060 pure aluminum rolled plate (tensile strength 120MPa) and low carbon steel Q345 (tensile strength 520MPa) each having a thickness of 20 mm were used. The welding tool M42 steel was made (W-Re alloy and cubic boron nitride are difficult to make and extremely expensive, so this comparative example used M42 steel to make the tool), the shoulder diameter was 30 mm, the pin was a cylindrical threaded pin, the diameter was 14 mm, the pin length was 19.7 mm, the shoulder reduction during welding was 0.2 mm (the shoulder was 0.2 mm below the plate), the pin was mostly located on the aluminum plate, the pin centerline was 6 mm from the weld interface, i.e., the pin was 1mm in mild steel. Under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800 revolutions per minute and the advancing speed is 50 millimeters per minute, the welding tool fails to work at a distance of about 10 millimeters during welding, the stirring pin is broken, the shaft shoulder is seriously deformed, and the welding process cannot be completed.
Example 3
7075-T651 aluminum alloy 1.8 mm thick, 575MPa tensile strength and 1.8 mm thick zirconium-based amorphous (Zr)55Cu30Al10Ni5) And the plate is made of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 1mm as an additive material. The welding tool is made of M42 steel material, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 18 mm, the stirring pin is a conical thread pin, the angle of a half cone angle (inclined interface) is 15 degrees, the diameter of the root part is 4 mm, the length of the pin is 2.6 mm, the edge of the stirring pin is 0.1 mm away from low-carbon steel in the welding process, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.1 mm, and a flawless welding joint is obtained under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 2000 r/min and the advancing speed is 200 mm/min. The observation of the structure shows that the interface is relatively flat and straight, and no amorphous particles appear in a weld nucleus area. The tensile test at room temperature shows that the joint is broken in the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, and the tensile strength is 450 MPa.
Comparative example 3
7075-T aluminum alloy plate (tensile strength of 575MPa) and zirconium-based amorphous (Zr) plates (both 1.8 mm in thickness) were used55Cu30Al10Ni5) And (3) a plate. The welding tool is made of W-25Re alloy, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 18 mm, a stirring pin is a cylindrical threaded pin, the diameter is 4 mm, the length of the pin is 1.6 mm, the pressing amount of the shaft shoulder in the welding process is 0.2 mm (the shaft shoulder is 0.1 mm below a plate), most of the stirring pin is located on the aluminum plate, the distance between the center line of the stirring pin and a welding interface is 1.5 mm, and the stirring pin is located in an amorphous state by 0.5 mm. The weld joint was obtained at welding parameters of a welding tool speed of 2000 revolutions per minute and a travel speed of 200 mm per minute. The structure observation shows that large-size amorphous particles exist in a welding nucleus area, and micropore defects are formed nearby the particles, and a room-temperature tensile test shows that a joint is broken in the welding nucleus area, the fluctuation of the tensile strength is large, and the average value is 150 MPa.
Example 4
6061-T6 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 8 mm, TC4 titanium alloy with the tensile strength of 315MPa and the thickness of 8 mm and the tensile strength of 950MPa are used, and 6061-T6 aluminum alloy with the thickness of 1mm is selected as the additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel material, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 22 mm, the stirring pin is a conical thread pin, the angle of a half cone angle (inclined interface) is 11 degrees, the diameter of the root part is 8 mm, the length of the pin is 8.7 mm, the edge distance of the stirring pin TC4 titanium alloy in the welding process is 0.2 mm, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm, and a defect-free welding joint is obtained under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1000 r/min and the advancing speed is 100 mm/min. The observation of the structure shows that the interface is relatively flat and straight, and no amorphous particles appear in a weld nucleus area. The tensile test at room temperature shows that the joint is broken in the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, and the tensile strength is 280 MPa.
Comparative example 4
6061 aluminum alloy plate (tensile strength 315MPa) and TC4 titanium alloy (tensile strength 950MPa) both having a thickness of 8 mm were used. The welding tool is W-25Re alloy, the diameter of a shaft shoulder is 22 mm, the stirring pin is a cylindrical threaded pin, the diameter is 8 mm, the length of the pin is 7.7 mm, the reduction of the shaft shoulder in the welding process is 0.2 mm (the shaft shoulder is 0.2 mm below a plate), most of the stirring pin is positioned on the aluminum plate, the distance between the center line of the stirring pin and a welding interface is 3mm, namely 1mm of the stirring pin is positioned in the titanium alloy. The weld joint was obtained at welding parameters of a welding tool speed of 1000 revolutions per minute and a travel speed of 100 mm per minute. The structural observation shows that a large number of large-size titanium alloy particles exist in a welding nucleus area, and micropore defects are formed nearby the particles, and a room-temperature tensile test shows that a joint is broken in the welding nucleus area, the fluctuation of the tensile strength is large, and the average value is 110 MPa.
Example 5
5mm thick 1060 pure aluminum, tensile strength 120MPa and 5mm thick Al were used2O3The surface of the ceramic is metallized in advance, a nickel metal film is electroplated on the surface, and 1060 pure aluminum with the thickness of 2mm is selected as an additive material. The welding tool is made of H13 steel material, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 20 mm, the stirring pin is a conical thread pin, the angle of the half cone angle (inclined interface) is 10 degrees, the diameter of the root part is 6 mm, the length of the pin is 6.6 mm, and the welding tool is weldedDistance Al between the edges of the stirring pins in the process2O3The ceramic is 0.1 mm, the reduction of the shaft shoulder is 0.3 mm, and a welding joint without defects is obtained under the welding parameters that the rotating speed of a welding tool is 1500 rpm and the advancing speed is 50 mm/min. The observation of the structure shows that the interface is flat and straight, and no particles appear in the weld nucleus area. The tensile test at room temperature shows that the joint is broken in the heat affected zone on the aluminum side, and the tensile strength is 95 MPa.
Claims (8)
1. A material increase method stirring friction welding process for realizing dissimilar material connection is characterized in that: the process is used for butt welding between low-melting-point metal and high-hardness/high-melting-point material, and comprises the following process steps: firstly, butt-jointing and fixing a low-melting-point metal base material and a high-hardness/high-melting-point material base material, wherein butt-jointing contact surfaces of the base materials are designed into mutually matched inclined surfaces; then placing a low-melting-point metal sheet above the base metal to be welded, and completely offsetting a stirring pin of a welding tool at one side of the low-melting-point metal base metal; and welding according to the friction stir welding parameters with higher heat input to obtain the friction stir welding joint of the dissimilar materials with excellent performance.
2. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) mechanically polishing the welding surfaces of the two materials, and then cleaning the welding surfaces by using alcohol or acetone;
(2) placing a high-hardness/high-melting-point material base metal on an advancing side, wherein the advancing side refers to one side with the welding direction consistent with the tool rotating direction, and clamping the base metal to be welded and a low-melting-point metal sheet after the low-melting-point metal sheet is placed above the base metal to be welded;
(3) selecting a welding tool with a proper size, completely offsetting the stirring pin at one side of the low-melting-point metal base metal, and selecting a higher heat input parameter to carry out friction stir welding;
(4) and after welding, milling and removing the low-melting-point material higher than the upper surface of the base material.
3. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the thickness delta t of the low-melting-point metal sheet is 1-3 mm, and the distance l from the edge of the stirring pin to the high-hardness/high-melting-point material parent metal is 0-0.3 mm.
4. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the welding tool adopts a conical threaded stirring pin, the butt joint surfaces of two welded material parent metals are processed into an inclined interface butt joint, the inclination angle alpha is the same as the half cone angle of the stirring pin, and the inclination angle alpha is 8-15 degrees.
5. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the welding tool material is common tool steel H13 or M42, etc., and the root diameter of the stirring pin is 0.8-1.5 times of the thickness of the high-hardness/high-melting-point material plate.
6. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the friction stir welding are as follows: the rotating speed of the welding tool is 800-2000 r/min, the advancing speed is 50-200 mm/min, the reduction delta of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the reduction delta of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool refers to the depth of the shaft shoulder of the welding tool pressed into the low-melting-point metal sheet.
7. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the low-melting-point metal is aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium or magnesium alloy and the like, and the high-hardness/high-melting-point material is steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, amorphous or ceramic material.
8. The additive friction stir welding process for achieving dissimilar material joining as recited in claim 1, wherein: the process is suitable for welding various structural forms such as plates, profiles or pipes.
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| CN114378312A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | Steel/aluminum structure molten drop deposition composite TIG electric arc additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN114633015A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-06-17 | 太原科技大学 | Aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal and static shaft shoulder friction stir welding process and device thereof |
| CN114833439A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-02 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Method for welding high-melting-point dissimilar metal through preset T-shaped full-blocking layer |
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| CN114985898B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-07-18 | 重庆理工大学 | Friction stir welding method for butt joint of dissimilar metal inclined planes |
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