CN103521912B - A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint - Google Patents
A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103521912B CN103521912B CN201310469629.6A CN201310469629A CN103521912B CN 103521912 B CN103521912 B CN 103521912B CN 201310469629 A CN201310469629 A CN 201310469629A CN 103521912 B CN103521912 B CN 103521912B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- truncated cone
- mixing needle
- shaft shoulder
- diameter
- lap joint
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint, is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle.The shape of mixing needle is frustum, and its handle is connected with the shaft shoulder, and large bottom face is provided with a circular shrinkage hole, and truncated cone outer surface is provided with the uniform circular groove of three circumferences; Meanwhile, the present invention also disclosed structure and the size of mixing needle and shaft shoulder each several part.When adopting the stirring tool of the present invention's design to carry out agitating friction overlap welding, the mixing needle of truncated cone shape can produce a thrust obliquely to plasticized metal around faying surface, alleviates plasticized metal and moves both vertically, thus alleviates the vertical migration tendency at overlap joint interface.And the shrinkage pool bottom mixing needle and the groove of side, all can improve the material flowing of welding line district, and fully broken overlap joint interface, makes weld metal more fully mix.Therefore, in this tool weld gained weld seam, hook-shaped flaw size reduces greatly, and strength of joint coefficient significantly improves.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material agitating friction welding field, a kind of New type agitation welding tool specifically designed for lap joint.
Background technology
Friction stir welding (FSW) is the novel solid phase joining technique of one that Britain's institute of welding (TWI) was invented in 1991, and this technology is particularly suitable for the connection of the non-ferrous metals such as almag.The general principle of friction stir welding is inserted the faying face of workpiece by the on-consumable stirring tool (multidiameter be made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle) be rotating, by the plastic deformation work heat production that the frictional heat between the shaft shoulder and workpiece and mixing needle and workpiece material occur, workpiece to be welded is warming up to plastifying state, can there is fragmentation in workpiece composition surface under the agitating friction effect of stirring tool; Then stirring tool moves forward along workpiece joint line, and plastifying material cools, and namely forms the weld seam of solid diffusivity.
Through the development of more than 20 years, FSW obtained comparatively extensive use in fields such as Aero-Space, rail vehicle, shipbuilding, automobiles.Some structural member in Aero-Space and rail vehicle field often can relate to lap joint, fuselage as aircraft rides on the covering of 2 ××× aluminium alloys by the crossbeam of 7 ××× line aluminium alloys, and the vehicle body of rail vehicle overlaps welding by 6 ××× line aluminium alloy extrudates of hollow and forms.Traditional welding technology, when welding aluminum alloy, is understood defects such as producing pore, crackle because of the special physicochemical property of aluminium alloy self, be mingled with, is caused strength of joint coefficient very low.FSW has unique advantage on welding aluminum alloy, can not produce the defect that melting welding is such, have higher strength of joint coefficient.FSW is existing in aluminum alloy butt joint more successfully to be applied, and in lap joint, FSW still exists certain technical barrier.First, when welding lap joint, stirring tool falls in workpiece composition surface, and the composition surface comparing banjo fixing butt jointing is parallel to stirring tool, and the composition surface of lap joint is more difficult to be broken; Secondly, for forming lap weld, mixing needle will penetrate upper plate workpiece and be inserted into lower plate certain depth, mixing needle can extrude lower sheet materials after inserting lower plate, overlap joint interface is bent, extend to intermediate weld region, thus form the unconjugated interfacial migration defect of crackle shape, this defect is called as " hook-shaped defect " in lap joint.In FSW process, stirring tool can cause material generation vertical direction in stirring area to flow, thus drive mixing needle peripheral material also vertical migration to occur, add that the stirring action that mixing needle peripheral material is subject to is limited, cause hook-shaped defect to be a kind of inherent shortcoming in FSW lap joint.Hook-shaped defect can reduce effective carrying thickness of joint, provides formation of crack and causes stress to concentrate, and thus seriously reduces joint static strength and the fatigue strength of lap joint.So optimize FSW lap joint process must alleviate hook-shaped defect, comprise its size of reduction, change its shape.At present, the method alleviating hook-shaped defect mainly contains two kinds: one is Optimum Experiment parameter, such as reduces rotating speed or increase weldering speed to reduce hook-shaped flaw size; Be design a special stirring tool, change superplastic material flow path, stirring area, thus improve overlap joint interfacial migration form, alleviate hook-shaped defect.The mixing needle of the stirring tool that FSW commonly uses is common cylindrical thread shape or tapered tread shape, and the shaft shoulder is concave shaped.When using these general tools to weld lap joint, more serious hook-shaped defect can be produced in weld seam, cause strength of joint very low (strength factor mostly is less than 30%), only cannot alleviate hook-shaped defect by Optimum Experiment technological parameter.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, for alleviating " hook-shaped " defect, improve friction stir welding (FSW) lap joint intensity, the invention provides a kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint, the mixing needle of the special shape designed in the present invention can effectively improve stirring area material flow path.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the friction stir welding tools that the present invention is used for lap joint is achieved is: this instrument is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle two parts, the shape of described mixing needle is truncated cone, the handle of described truncated cone is connected with the described shaft shoulder, the large bottom face of described truncated cone is provided with a circular shrinkage hole, and the outer surface of described truncated cone is axially arranged with three uniform in the circumferential circular grooves along it; The length of described mixing needle is h, h=d+ △ d, and wherein, d is the thickness of the upper plate of workpiece to be welded, and △ d is the degree of depth that mixing needle is inserted into the lower plate of workpiece to be welded, △ d < 0.5d; The diameter of the large end of described truncated cone is D
1, the handle diameter of described truncated cone is D
2, D
2=d+1, the cone angle of described truncated cone is 2 α, α=7 ° ~ 9 °, D
1=2h*tan α+D
2; The diameter of described circular shrinkage hole on the large bottom face of described truncated cone is D
3, D
3=0.75D
1, the degree of depth of described circular shrinkage hole is h
1=0.25h; Three circular grooves in described frustoconical external surface are D with the diameter of described circular groove respectively
3outline line tangent, the end face indent inclined plane of the described shaft shoulder, described inclination angle of inclined plane is 5 ° ~ 7 °, and the diameter of the described shaft shoulder is D, D=3d.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
When adopting the present invention to be used for the friction stir welding tools welding FSW lap joint of lap joint, the inclined side surfaces of Frusto-conical mixing needle can produce a thrust obliquely to plasticized metal around faying surface, this thrust can produce a horizontal direction component, around faying surface, plasticized metal is under the effect of this horizontal force, there is a certain amount of horizontal movement, this horizontal movement can alleviate moving both vertically of plasticized metal, thus reduces the vertical migration tendency at overlap joint interface.And three circular grooves of the indent disc of mixing needle bottom face and side, all can change the flowing road strength of weld metal zone plasticized metal, thus improve weld metal zone material flowing, abundant broken overlapping regions interface, weld metal zone metal occurs to mix more fully.Therefore, in postwelding weld seam, hook-shaped flaw size reduces greatly, and strength of joint coefficient is also significantly improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the present invention for the friction stir welding tools of lap joint and weldment position relationship schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the front view of friction stir welding tools shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the upward view of friction stir welding tools shown in Fig. 2.
In figure, 1 is the shaft shoulder, and 2 is mixing needle, and 3 is circular groove, and 4 is circular shrinkage hole, and 5 is workpiece upper plate, and 6 is workpiece lower plate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a kind of New type agitation welding tool for lap joint of the present invention, comprises the shaft shoulder 1 and mixing needle 2 two parts.The shape of the described mixing needle 2 in the present invention is truncated cone, the handle of described truncated cone is connected with the described shaft shoulder, the large bottom face of described truncated cone is provided with a circular shrinkage hole 4, and the outer surface of described truncated cone is axially arranged with three uniform in the circumferential circular grooves 3 along it.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is as follows for each several part size in the New type agitation welding tool of lap joint:
Described mixing needle, namely the length of described truncated cone is h, h=d+ △ d, and wherein, d is the thickness of the upper plate 5 of workpiece to be welded, and △ d is the degree of depth that mixing needle 2 is inserted into the lower plate 6 of workpiece to be welded, 0.25d≤△ d≤0.5d.
The diameter of the large end of described truncated cone is D
1, the handle diameter of described truncated cone is D
2, D
2=d+1, the cone angle of described truncated cone is 2 α, α=7 ° ~ 9 °, D
1=2h*tan α+D
2.
The diameter of described circular shrinkage hole 4 on the large bottom face of described truncated cone is D
3, D
3=0.75D
1, the degree of depth of described circular shrinkage hole 4 is h
1=0.25h.
Three circular grooves 3 in described frustoconical external surface are D with the diameter of described circular shrinkage hole 4 respectively
3outline line tangent.
The end face of the described shaft shoulder 1 is indent inclined plane, and described inclination angle of inclined plane is 5 ° ~ 7 °, and the diameter of the described shaft shoulder 1 is D, D=3d.
Embodiment:
Certain space structure part needs relate to 5mm thick 2024 and 7075 heterogeneity aluminum alloy plate lap joint, when welding this joint with common cylinder of the prior art or the threaded friction stir welding tools of circular cone, in joint, have more serious hook-shaped defect.Now according to technical scheme provided by the invention, process the stirring tool being applicable to this lap joint.
The length of setting mixing needle 2 is h=6mm, and cone angle 2 α=16 ° of its frustum of a cone, (handle) top end diameter of frustum of a cone is D
2=6mm, bottom (the large end) diameter is D
1=2h*tan α+D
2≈ 7.7mm, the diameter of described circular shrinkage hole 4 on the large bottom face of described truncated cone is D
3=0.75D
1≈ 5.8mm, degree of depth h
1=1.5mm, three circular grooves of mixing needle 2 side are circumferentially uniform, and meeting described three circular grooves 3 is D with the diameter of described circular shrinkage hole 4 respectively
3outline line tangent, then circular groove crossing with bottom face after arc length be about 3.6mm, the diameter of the described shaft shoulder 1 is D, D=3d=15mm, and described shaft shoulder indent inclination angle is 7 °.
Process friction stir welding tools of the present invention by said structure and parameter, this instrument is contained on friction stir welding machine, with fixture, thick for 5mm 2024 and 7075 aluminium alloy test plate (panel)s are fixed on welding-machine operation table.The control panel of friction stir welding machine sets welding parameter: the rotating speed of stirring tool is 800r/min, and pace is 80mm/min, the volume under pressure of the shaft shoulder 1 is 0.20mm, and tool rake angle is 2.5 °.By this parameter test piece for welding, postwelding carries out seam center observation through metallographic microscope, strength of joint test is carried out with universal tensile testing machine, find that in weld seam, hook-shaped flaw size is only about 10% of thickness of workpiece after testing, hook-shaped flaw size (being generally more than 50% of thickness of workpiece) in general tool welding gained joint, weld strength coefficient, up to more than 80%, achieves comparatively satisfied effect.
Although invention has been described for composition graphs above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is only schematic, instead of it is restrictive, application example of the present invention is not limited to the welding of aluminum alloy materials, for the lap joint of other nonferrous materials such as magnesium alloy, copper alloy, the New type agitation instrument that the present invention also can be used to propose carries out agitating friction welding.Those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention, and when not departing from present inventive concept, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong within protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1., for a friction stir welding tools for lap joint, this instrument is the multidiameter that the shaft shoulder (1) and mixing needle (2) form, and it is characterized in that,
The shape of described mixing needle (2) is truncated cone, the handle of described truncated cone is connected with the described shaft shoulder, the large bottom face of described truncated cone is provided with a circular shrinkage hole (4), and the outer surface of described truncated cone is axially arranged with three uniform in the circumferential circular grooves (3) along it;
The length of described mixing needle is h, h=d+ △ d, and wherein, d is the thickness of the upper plate (5) of workpiece to be welded, and △ d is the degree of depth that mixing needle (2) is inserted into the lower plate (6) of workpiece to be welded, 0.25d≤△ d≤0.5d;
The diameter of the large end of described truncated cone is D
1, the handle diameter of described truncated cone is D
2, D
2=d+1, the cone angle of described truncated cone is 2 α, α=7 ° ~ 9 °, D
1=2h*tan α+D
2;
The diameter of described circular shrinkage hole (4) on the large bottom face of described truncated cone is D
3, D
3=0.75D
1, the degree of depth of described circular shrinkage hole (4) is h
1=0.25h;
Three circular grooves (3) in described frustoconical external surface are D with the diameter of described circular shrinkage hole (4) respectively
3outline line tangent,
The end face of the described shaft shoulder (1) is indent inclined plane, and described inclination angle of inclined plane is 5 ° ~ 7 °, and the diameter of the described shaft shoulder (1) is D, D=3d.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469629.6A CN103521912B (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469629.6A CN103521912B (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103521912A CN103521912A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| CN103521912B true CN103521912B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
Family
ID=49924457
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310469629.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103521912B (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | A kind of friction stir welding tools for lap joint |
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| CN104400215B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-03-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size |
| CN105057881A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing pre-stacking aluminum layer |
| CN105033447B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of strong adjustable friction stir welding tools of deformation depth sounding in interface |
| JP2019058933A (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Manufacturing method of liquid-cooled jacket |
| JP2019058934A (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-18 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Manufacturing method of liquid-cooled jacket |
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| CN107876966B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-02-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | It is a kind of to reduce Friction Stir Welding to the welding method of lap joint defect |
| JP2019181473A (en) | 2018-04-02 | 2019-10-24 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Liquid-cooled jacket manufacturing method |
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| JP7083771B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-06-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Friction stir welding tool |
| JP7125912B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2022-08-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Tools for friction stir welding |
| JP7110150B2 (en) | 2019-03-29 | 2022-08-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Tools for friction stir welding |
| CN110449726A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-11-15 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | A kind of one increases the friction stir weld device and its manufacturing process of material plastic forming |
| CN110587111B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-09-28 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | V-shaped gradient interface welding-based method |
| CN112577839B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Fatigue test method for friction stir welding profile structure of high-speed motor train unit train body |
| CN113172333B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | Friction stir welding stirring head capable of improving penetration depth |
| CN114393293B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-11-15 | 燕山大学 | Additive stirring head with small shaft shoulder action area and stirring needle with high specific surface area |
| CN114654072A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-24 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | Stirring device and system for improving strength of friction stir welding lap joint |
| CN115647559A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2023-01-31 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Follow-up pre-positioning stirring friction additive manufacturing device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115213546B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-07-18 | 燕山大学 | Tool for forming and processing metal inner heat dissipation pore canal and friction stir welding equipment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103521912A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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