CN105057881A - Method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing pre-stacking aluminum layer - Google Patents
Method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing pre-stacking aluminum layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105057881A CN105057881A CN201510599976.XA CN201510599976A CN105057881A CN 105057881 A CN105057881 A CN 105057881A CN 201510599976 A CN201510599976 A CN 201510599976A CN 105057881 A CN105057881 A CN 105057881A
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- alloy plate
- aluminium lamination
- friction stir
- titanium alloy
- welding
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/127—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing a pre-stacking aluminum layer, which is used for solving the problems that when the special-shaped titanium aluminum materials are subjected to overlap joint, a connecting joint is embrittled, the connecting strength is low, and a welding tool is worn seriously due to a titanium aluminum metal compound. The method comprises the steps of firstly, roughening the surface of a titanium alloy plate to be welded; secondly, ultrasonically cleaning the roughened titanium alloy plate, wiping the titanium alloy plate, an aluminum alloy plate and an aluminum rod by adopting an organic solvent or a cleaning agent; thirdly, forming a pre-stacking solid phase aluminum layer subjected to combined action of alloy connection and mechanical connection at the joint of the roughening part; and fourthly, forming an overlap joint head on which the aluminum alloy plate is arranged at the upper part and the titanium alloy plate is arranged at the lower part, carrying out friction stir welding on the aluminum alloy plate and the titanium alloy plate, controlling the end part of a stirring needle to prick into the pre-stacking solid phase aluminum layer and controlling the end part of the stirring needle to not contact with the surface of the titanium alloy plate, thus realizing the effective connection between the pre-stacking solid phase aluminum layer and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded under the effect of the stirring of the stirring needle and the upsetting of a shaft shoulder. The method is used for the overlap welding of the special-shaped titanium aluminum materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction stir welding method, be specifically related to a kind of heap aluminium lamination in advance that utilizes and realize the method for titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint.
Background technology
Titanium alloy and aluminium alloy have huge application potential and economic worth as light-weight high-strength material in the high-technology field such as Aero-Space, the energy.This type of alloy material has unique advantage, as high in light weight, specific strength, shock resistance etc.Improve thrust-weight ratio, weight reduction, increase the target that payload etc. is aircaft configuration and Aeroengine Design person always, according to statistics, in all kinds of structural metallic materials of two, three, four generation military fighter aircraft, titanium alloy consumption accounts for 38.8% of overall weight.Namely one of key faced of applying of titanium alloy is Welding Problems between titanium alloy and dissimilar metal.Because titanium alloy and aluminium alloy mutual solubility is at normal temperatures low, fusing point differs greatly, linear expansion coefficient differs greatly, there is not solid solution between the two, if adopt general fusion welding method, the intermetallic compound TiAl 3 (τ) that the matter of a large amount of stratiform is hard and crisp can be formed because of a large amount of fusing of aluminium alloy on titanium aluminum dissimilar metal interface, TiAl3 (γ), Ti3Al (α 2), their existence will cause stress to concentrate, the brittle failure of combination interface generation under external force.Friction stir welding is the solid-state bonding process of invention in 1991, substantially not by the impact of crystal structure, physical and chemical performance, mechanical performance etc. of material, has great advantage to overcoming the welding difficulty that individual material properties difference brings.At present, the friction stir welding of titanium/Al dissimilar materials is generally adopted and is carried out in two ways: one be aluminium sheet upper, titanium plate under joint form; Two is docking forms that mixing needle is partial to aluminium side.Its advantage is the thickness that can effectively reduce intermetallic compound, however its shortcoming to be the wearing and tearing of soldering set very serious, shorten the service life of soldering set.Due to titanium yield strength and fusing point high, soldering set serious wear, although polycrystalline cubic boron nitride soldering set alleviates its degree of wear to a certain extent, but still be difficult to realize long distance welding, and ceramic soldering set exists, and fracture toughness is low, preparation difficulty, difficult processing, the high economy of price and technical deficiency, is difficult to generally apply.
Summary of the invention
The jointing that the present invention is caused by Intermatallic Ti-Al compound when being and solving titanium Al dissimilar materials overlap joint is brittle, the problem of the low and soldering set serious wear of bonding strength, providing one utilizes friction surfacing to pile solid phase aluminium lamination in advance as intermediate layer, realizes the method for titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint.
Method of the present invention is realized by following steps:
Step one: frosting treatment: frosting treatment is carried out on the surface of titanium alloy sheet to be welded, make titanium alloy sheet region surface roughness average to be welded for being more than or equal to 5 μm, texturing position is apart from 10mm ~ 40mm place, titanium alloy sheet edge, the width d at texturing position is 15mm ~ 25mm, and texturing mode is machining texturing, blasting treatment texturing or laser roughening;
Step 2: cleaning titanium alloy sheet: first use the titanium alloy sheet after ultrasonic cleaning texturing, remove residual particles, then adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping titanium alloy sheet, aluminium alloy plate and aluminium bar, wipe oil and metallic dust;
Step 3: pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination welding: the aluminium bar of High Rotation Speed reaches hot plastic state gradually under frictional heat and deformation calorigenic action, by responsive to axial force, softening aluminium bar heap is soldered on texturing position simultaneously, interface formation at texturing position is connected by metallurgy and is mechanically connected coefficient pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination, and the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination is 0.2mm ~ 1.0mm;
Step 4: friction stir welding completes aluminium alloy plate and titanium alloy sheet overlaps: form aluminium alloy plate upper, titanium alloy sheet under lap joint, under jig effect, make aluminium alloy plate and in advance pile solid phase aluminium lamination and reach close contact, friction stir welding is carried out to aluminium alloy plate and titanium alloy sheet, in welding process, control mixing needle end and penetrate pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination and the surface not contacting titanium alloy sheet, under the stirring of mixing needle and the upset effect of the shaft shoulder, realize the effective connection between pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination and aluminium alloy plate to be welded, so far, complete the overlap welding of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal agitating friction.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
One, the present invention forms pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination by friction surfacing at titanium alloy surface, connect aluminium sheet by friction stir welding again and pile solid phase aluminium lamination in advance, finally realize the overlap joint of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal, belong to the method for solid diffusivity, method of the present invention is adopted effectively to inhibit the generation of compound between interface metal, thus avoid jointing embrittlement, improve bonding strength, reduce soldering set wearing and tearing.
Two, the titanium alloy after texturing and in advance pile contact area between solid phase aluminium lamination and increases, the scraggly structure in interface makes to form mechanical snap between titanium aluminum, and the combination achieving metallurgical connection and be mechanically connected, strength of joint improves greatly.
Three, compared to traditional titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding, the mixing needle in the present invention does not contact titanium alloy surface in welding process, effectively can solve the problem of soldering set heavy wear in welding process.
Four, the present invention adopts the shaft shoulder and mixing needle bottom to be the structure of indent, overlap joint metallurgical interface bonded area can be enlarged markedly, strengthen plastic deformation and the flowing of overlap joint boundary material, make interface plastic material centripetal flow, can effectively eliminate or weaken the generation of the hook-shaped defect in interface.
The friction stir welding process of five, finally carrying out, achieve the connection between pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination and aluminium sheet on the one hand, secondary pressure and heat input is provided, the bonding strength that effectively can improve titanium alloy and pile in advance between solid phase aluminium lamination on the other hand to pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that titanium alloy sheet 1 surface texturing of the present invention assists the process schematic realizing pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram (marking 8 in figure is stirring-head) that friction stir welding completes aluminium alloy plate 2 and overlap with titanium alloy sheet 1;
Fig. 3 is the mixing needle end construction schematic diagram used in step 4.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, and present embodiment is realized by following steps:
Step one: frosting treatment: frosting treatment is carried out on the surface of titanium alloy sheet 1 to be welded, make titanium alloy sheet 1 region surface roughness average to be welded for being more than or equal to 5 μm, texturing position 4 is apart from 10mm ~ 40mm place, titanium alloy sheet 1 edge, the width d at texturing position 4 is 15mm ~ 25mm, and texturing mode is machining texturing, blasting treatment texturing or laser roughening;
Step 2: cleaning titanium alloy sheet 1: first use the titanium alloy sheet 1 after ultrasonic cleaning texturing, remove residual particles, then adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping titanium alloy sheet 1, aluminium alloy plate 2 and aluminium bar 3, wipe oil and metallic dust; Titanium alloy is TC4;
Step 3: pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination welding: the aluminium bar 3 of High Rotation Speed reaches hot plastic state gradually under frictional heat and deformation calorigenic action, by responsive to axial force, softening aluminium bar 3 heap is soldered on texturing position 4 simultaneously, interface formation at texturing position 4 is connected by metallurgy and is mechanically connected coefficient pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5, and the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5 is 0.2mm ~ 1.0mm;
Step 4: friction stir welding completes aluminium alloy plate 2 and overlaps with titanium alloy sheet 1: form aluminium alloy plate 2 upper, titanium alloy sheet 1 under lap joint, aluminium alloy plate 2 is made and piling solid phase aluminium lamination 5 reaches close contact in advance under jig effect, friction stir welding is carried out to aluminium alloy plate 2 and titanium alloy sheet 1, in welding process, control mixing needle end and penetrate pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5 and the surface not contacting titanium alloy sheet 1, prevent soldering set from wearing and tearing, under the stirring of mixing needle and the upset effect of the shaft shoulder, realize the effective connection between pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination and aluminium alloy plate to be welded 2, so far, complete the overlap welding of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal agitating friction.
Detailed description of the invention two: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is, when in step one, texturing mode adopts machining texturing titanium alloy sheet 1 surface, require along being parallel and perpendicular to welding direction or carrying out texturing with the direction that welding direction has an acute angle.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is when in step one, texturing mode adopts blasting treatment, sandblasting pressure is 8MPa ~ 15MPa, and the jet opening distance texturing position 4 of spray gun is 60mm ~ 140mm, and the angle of spray gun is 45 ° ~ 75 °.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention four: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment is that to be scope be 1mm ~ 6mm to the thickness of titanium alloy sheet 1 and aluminium alloy plate 2 in step 2, and the diameter of aluminium bar 3 is 10mm ~ 25mm.Other step and detailed description of the invention one, two or three identical.
Detailed description of the invention five: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that in step 2, organic solvent is alcohol or acetone.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention six: composition graphs 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment is the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5 in step 3 is 0.5mm.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention seven: composition graphs 1 illustrates present embodiment, to be the welding parameter in step 3 be present embodiment: soldering set rotating speed is 800r/min ~ 4000r/min, and constant pressure is 2.0KN ~ 6.0KN, and speed of welding is 1.0mm/s ~ 4.0mm/s; According to the actual demand to pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5 thickness, selectable heap number of weld passes is 1 ~ 3 road, and built-up welding parameter more than 2nd road is: soldering set rotating speed 600r/min ~ 6000r/min, and constant pressure is 1.0KN ~ 8.0KN, and speed of welding is 2mm/s ~ 12mm/s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention eight: composition graphs 3 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is that the mixing needle end used in step 4 adopts the working face of shaft shoulder lower end 6 and mixing needle lower end 7 to be the structure of indent.Such design mixing needle can enlarge markedly overlap joint metallurgical interface bonded area, strengthens plastic deformation and the flowing of overlap joint boundary material, makes interface plastic material centripetal flow, can effectively eliminate or weaken the generation of the hook-shaped defect in interface.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention nine: composition graphs 2 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the welding parameter in step 4: the degree of depth s of mixing needle press-in pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5 should be greater than 0.1mm and be less than the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination 5, wherein 0.2mm<k<1mm.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention eight.
Detailed description of the invention ten: composition graphs 2 illustrates present embodiment, present embodiment is the soldering set rotating speed in step 4 is 200r/min ~ 1500r/min, and speed of welding is 1mm/s ~ 6mm/s.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention six.
Claims (10)
1. utilize pre-heap aluminium lamination to realize a method for titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint, it is characterized in that: described method is realized by following steps:
Step one: frosting treatment: frosting treatment is carried out on the surface of titanium alloy sheet to be welded (1), make titanium alloy sheet (1) region surface roughness average to be welded for being more than or equal to 5 μm, texturing position (4) is apart from 10mm ~ 40mm place, titanium alloy sheet (1) edge, the width d at texturing position (4) is 15mm ~ 25mm, and texturing mode is machining texturing, blasting treatment texturing or laser roughening;
Step 2: cleaning titanium alloy sheet (1): first use the titanium alloy sheet (1) after ultrasonic cleaning texturing, remove residual particles, adopt the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping titanium alloy sheet (1), aluminium alloy plate (2) and aluminium bar (3) again, wipe oil and metallic dust;
Step 3: pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination welding: the aluminium bar (3) of High Rotation Speed reaches hot plastic state gradually under frictional heat and deformation calorigenic action, by responsive to axial force, softening aluminium bar (3) heap is soldered on texturing position (4) simultaneously, formed in the interface of texturing position (4) and to be connected by metallurgy and to be mechanically connected coefficient pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5), the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5) is 0.2mm ~ 1.0mm;
Step 4: friction stir welding completes aluminium alloy plate (2) and overlaps with titanium alloy sheet (1): form aluminium alloy plate (2) upper, titanium alloy sheet (1) under lap joint, under jig effect, make aluminium alloy plate (2) and in advance pile solid phase aluminium lamination (5) and reach close contact, friction stir welding is carried out to aluminium alloy plate (2) and titanium alloy sheet (1), in welding process, control mixing needle end and penetrate pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5) and the surface not contacting titanium alloy sheet (1), under the stirring of mixing needle and the upset effect of the shaft shoulder, realize the effective connection between pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (2), so far, complete the overlap welding of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal agitating friction.
2. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: when in described step one, texturing mode adopts machining texturing titanium alloy sheet (1) surface, require along being parallel and perpendicular to welding direction or carrying out texturing with the direction that welding direction has an acute angle.
3. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: when in described step one, texturing mode adopts blasting treatment, sandblasting pressure is 8MPa ~ 15MPa, the jet opening distance texturing position (4) of spray gun is 60mm ~ 140mm, and the angle of spray gun is 45 ° ~ 75 °.
4. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in the utilization according to claim 1,2 or 3 in advance, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, the thickness of titanium alloy sheet (1) and aluminium alloy plate (2) is scope is 1mm ~ 6mm, and the diameter of aluminium bar (3) is 10mm ~ 25mm.
5. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, organic solvent is alcohol or acetone.
6. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5) is 0.5mm.
7. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: the welding parameter in described step 3 is: soldering set rotating speed is 800r/min ~ 4000r/min, constant pressure is 2.0KN ~ 6.0KN, and speed of welding is 1.0mm/s ~ 4.0mm/s; Heap number of weld passes is 1 ~ 3 road, and built-up welding parameter more than 2nd road is: soldering set rotating speed 600r/min ~ 6000r/min, and constant pressure is 1.0KN ~ 8.0KN, and speed of welding is 2mm/s ~ 12mm/s.
8. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 1 in advance, it is characterized in that: the mixing needle end used in described step 4 adopts the working face of shaft shoulder lower end (6) and mixing needle lower end (7) to be the structure of indent.
9. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 8 in advance, it is characterized in that: the welding parameter in described step 4 is: the degree of depth s of mixing needle press-in pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5) should be greater than 0.1mm and be less than the thickness k of pre-heap solid phase aluminium lamination (5).
10. the method that aluminium lamination realizes titanium aluminum dissimilar metal friction stir welding overlap joint is piled in utilization according to claim 6 in advance, and it is characterized in that: the soldering set rotating speed in described step 4 is 200r/min ~ 1500r/min, speed of welding is 1mm/s ~ 6mm/s.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN106312295A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Method for adding intermediate welding material to improve strength of aluminum-lithium alloy welding joint |
| CN107457480A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of welding method for increasing soft metal and hard metal foreign material backfill formula friction stir spot welding strength of joint |
| CN107971624A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of T-shaped connection method of steel plate and aluminium sheet |
| CN109967855A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of inhibition weld seam is thinned and thickens the friction stir welding method of weld seam |
| CN112207419A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-12 | 北京科技大学 | Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy |
| CN113231753A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Arc surfacing welding friction stir composite welding method for dissimilar metals |
| CN115319265A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding tool for realizing heat balance in thickness direction of welding seam and friction stir welding method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106312295A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-01-11 | 重庆大学 | Method for adding intermediate welding material to improve strength of aluminum-lithium alloy welding joint |
| CN106312295B (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-12-25 | 重庆大学 | A method of addition intervening welding material improves aluminium lithium alloy strength of welded joint |
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| CN109967855A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of inhibition weld seam is thinned and thickens the friction stir welding method of weld seam |
| CN112207419A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-12 | 北京科技大学 | Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy |
| CN113231753A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Arc surfacing welding friction stir composite welding method for dissimilar metals |
| CN115319265A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding tool for realizing heat balance in thickness direction of welding seam and friction stir welding method |
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Application publication date: 20151118 |