CN112207419A - Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112207419A
CN112207419A CN202011026042.4A CN202011026042A CN112207419A CN 112207419 A CN112207419 A CN 112207419A CN 202011026042 A CN202011026042 A CN 202011026042A CN 112207419 A CN112207419 A CN 112207419A
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welding
aluminum alloy
titanium alloy
heterogeneous
alloy
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CN112207419B (en
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杨芳
魏家树
周洋
秦乾
郭志猛
陈存广
王海英
邵艳茹
申雨晗
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

A method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy belongs to the field of solid-phase connection of dissimilar metals. In order to realize the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy and avoid the generation of Ti/Al brittle phase in a welding area, the invention takes tin as welding transition metal to obtain a high-quality friction welding seam through friction stir welding, thereby realizing the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy. According to the invention, the Sn is used as an intermediate phase, and the heterogeneous welding of the high-melting-point titanium alloy and the low-melting-point aluminum alloy is realized through friction stir welding, so that the generation of brittle phases such as Ti/Al in the welding process is effectively prevented, the large burning loss of the aluminum alloy caused by overhigh welding temperature is also prevented, the strength of a welding joint is improved, the welding joint is firm, and the quality and the performance of the welding joint are effectively improved. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high welding efficiency, excellent quality and performance of the obtained welding joint, great reduction of manpower and processing cost and the like.

Description

Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dissimilar metal solid phase connection, and provides a method for realizing dissimilar welding of a titanium alloy and an aluminum alloy.
Background
Friction stir welding mainly uses friction between a stirring head and a workpiece to generate heat, so that a pre-welding part is in a thermoplastic state, then the stirring head advances while rotating, welding materials plastically flow from the front end to the rear part under the pressure of the stirring head, and finally pressure welding is carried out to form a whole. Because the friction stir welding belongs to solid state welding, compared with other melting welding methods, the welding temperature is low, the crystal grain growth is not obvious, and the defects of air holes, cracks, alloy element burning loss and the like are basically avoided. At present, the friction stir welding technology is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy, vehicles and the like, and is mainly used for welding non-ferrous metal materials such as aluminum, copper, magnesium and the like.
Among them, the heterogeneous friction welding uses a friction welding means to weld two alloy materials. The heterogeneous materials can utilize the respective advantages of the materials to the maximum extent, but the welding difficulty is greatly improved due to the difference of physical and chemical properties between the heterogeneous materials and the materials. The friction stir welding has the advantages of high efficiency, high quality, small welding stress, small deformation and the like, and has great advantages for overcoming the welding difficulty caused by the performance difference of dissimilar materials.
For the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, the following difficulties are generated in the welding process: 1. titanium and aluminum both belong to active metals and react with air in the welding process to form inclusions, so that the performance of a welding seam is deteriorated; 2. the melting points of titanium and aluminum have great difference, and under the same welding heating condition, when the temperature reaches the melting point of titanium, a great amount of elements in the aluminum alloy are burnt and lost; 3. Ti/Al brittle phases are generated at welding seams by titanium and aluminum, so that the mechanical property of the welding seams is seriously reduced, the elongation is greatly reduced, cracks are easily generated on the welding seams under the action of welding stress, the plasticity and the high-temperature performance of joints are deteriorated, and the service life of welding parts is influenced. Therefore, how to realize the welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy dissimilar metal piece and avoid the generation of brittle phases in a welding area is the key to obtain the dissimilar welding piece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for realizing the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, and the method can realize the solid-phase connection of dissimilar metals of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy. Tin is used as a transition material for heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, so that a welding seam with higher strength can be obtained; meanwhile, tin is used as an intermediate phase, so that the temperature required by friction welding can be reduced, the mutual diffusion of elements between titanium and aluminum alloy is effectively reduced, the generation of brittle intermetallic compounds of titanium and aluminum is eliminated, and the quality of a welding seam is ensured; meanwhile, the friction stir welding is adopted to realize the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy, so that a large amount of burning loss and excessive growth of crystal grains of the low-melting-point aluminum alloy in the welding process are avoided, and the quality and the performance of a welding joint are effectively improved. The welding method has the advantages of high welding strength of the dissimilar metal, firm welding joint, high welding efficiency, simplicity, convenience, high welding efficiency, excellent quality and performance of the obtained welding joint, capability of reducing labor and processing cost and the like.
In order to obtain the method for realizing the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) designing a stirring head: punching the center of the stirring friction head, wherein the aperture is 3-5 mm smaller than the diameter of the stirring friction needle and is communicated up and down;
(2) cleaning before welding: cleaning the titanium alloy and aluminum alloy pre-welded end face by using a stainless steel brush, a lathe or a shot blasting device, and cleaning by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) stirring and welding: overlapping the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on a welding fixture, enabling a stirring head to penetrate into the position of a joint, adjusting the welding speed and the welding speed, and starting friction stir welding;
(4) welding and powder feeding: sending tin powder into a welding area from a central hole of the stirring head by using a powder sending device;
(5) and (3) completing welding: and feeding tin powder to a welding area while welding until welding is finished, stopping feeding the tin powder and welding, withdrawing the stirring head, and loosening the welding fixture to obtain a heterogeneous welding part of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy.
Further, the material of the friction stir head in the step (1) should be one of hot work die steel, high temperature alloy or hard alloy.
Further, the titanium alloy in the step (2) is various commercially available titanium and titanium alloys, and the aluminum alloy is various commercially available aluminum and aluminum alloys.
Further, the depth of the stirring head penetrating into the titanium alloy plate in the step (3) is 0-1 mm.
Further, the welding rotating speed in the step (3) is 500-1500 r.min-1The welding speed is 50-200 mm.min-1。
Further, the powder feeding device in the step (4) should be one or more of a spiral powder feeding device, a gravity powder feeding device or an air compressor powder feeding device.
Further, the tin powder in the step (4) is high-purity tin powder sold in the market, and the powder granularity is 100-1000 meshes.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the solid-phase connection of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals is realized, welding seams with good appearance and good consistency can be obtained, the welding efficiency is improved, and the welding defects are eliminated.
2. The obtained welding line shows a good welding interface and excellent mechanical property, has good welding reliability, and has application potential in the fields of vehicle engineering, aerospace and the like.
3. Sn is used as an intermediate metal, so that the deterioration of the welding seam performance caused by the generation of brittle phases such as Ti/Al and the like is avoided, and the distribution and the form of an interface compound can be regulated and controlled.
4. The friction stir welding is used for realizing the heterogeneous metal welding of the low-melting-point aluminum alloy and the high-melting-point titanium alloy, and the low-melting-point tin is used as an intermediate transition element, so that the heat required by the friction welding is reduced, and the quality of a welded part is ensured.
5. The welding speed is high, the temperature is low, and the phenomena of violent oxygen absorption, nitrogen absorption and the like at high temperature in the traditional melting welding are avoided.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a friction stir weld configuration in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for realizing the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) designing a stirring head: h13 hot work die steel is selected as a material of the stirring friction head, the thickness of the stirring friction needle is 8mm, and the size of a central hole is 4 mm.
(2) Cleaning before welding: preparing an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8mm and a pure titanium plate with the thickness of 2mm, turning the surfaces of the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be flat by using a lathe, and cleaning by using alcohol;
(3) stirring and welding: overlapping the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on the welding fixture, penetrating the stirring head into the seam position and into the titanium plate by 0.5mm, and adjusting the rotating speed of the stirring head to 800 r.min-1The welding speed is 100 mm-min-1Starting friction stir welding;
(4) welding and powder feeding: sending tin powder of-500 meshes into a welding area from a central hole of the stirring head by using a spiral powder feeding device;
(5) and (3) completing welding: and feeding tin powder to a welding area while welding until welding is finished, stopping feeding the tin powder and welding, stopping rotating, removing the stirring head, and loosening the welding fixture to obtain a high-performance titanium and aluminum alloy heterogeneous welding part.
Example 2:
a method for realizing the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) designing a stirring head: the W-Re hard alloy is selected as the material of the stirring friction head, the thickness of the stirring friction needle is 10mm, and the size of a central hole is 5 mm.
(2) Cleaning before welding: preparing an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 10mm and a titanium alloy TC4 plate with the thickness of 2mm, turning the surface of the plate to be flat by using a lathe, and cleaning by using acetone;
(3) stirring and welding: overlapping the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on the welding fixture, inserting the stirring head into the seam position, preventing the stirring head from entering the titanium plate but contacting the titanium plate, and adjusting the rotating speed of the stirring head to 700 r-min-1The welding speed is 75 mm-min-1Starting friction stir welding;
(4) welding and powder feeding: sending the tin powder of-325 meshes into a welding area from a central hole of the stirring head by using an air compressor powder feeding device;
(5) and (3) completing welding: and feeding tin powder to a welding area while welding until welding is finished, stopping feeding the tin powder and welding, stopping rotating, removing the stirring head, and loosening the welding fixture to obtain a high-performance titanium alloy and aluminum alloy heterogeneous welding part.

Claims (7)

1. A method for realizing the heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) designing a stirring head: punching the center of the stirring friction head, wherein the aperture is 3-5 mm smaller than the diameter of the stirring friction needle and is communicated up and down;
(2) cleaning before welding: cleaning the titanium alloy and aluminum alloy pre-welded end face by using a stainless steel brush, a lathe or a shot blasting device, and cleaning by using alcohol or acetone;
(3) stirring and welding: overlapping the titanium alloy plate and the aluminum alloy plate, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on a welding fixture, enabling a stirring head to penetrate into the position of a joint, adjusting the welding speed and the welding speed, and starting friction stir welding;
(4) welding and powder feeding: sending tin powder into a welding area from a central hole of the stirring head by using a powder sending device;
(5) and (3) completing welding: and feeding tin powder to a welding area while welding until welding is finished, stopping feeding the tin powder and welding, withdrawing the stirring head, and loosening the welding fixture to obtain a heterogeneous welding part of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy.
2. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the material of the friction stir head in the step (1) is one of hot work die steel, high temperature alloy or hard alloy.
3. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the titanium alloy in the step (2) is various commercially available titanium and titanium alloy, and the aluminum alloy is various commercially available aluminum and aluminum alloy.
4. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) the depth of the stirring head penetrating into the titanium alloy plate in the step (3) is 0-1 mm.
5. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the welding rotating speed in the step (3) is 500-1500 r.min-1The welding speed is 50-200 mm.min-1。
6. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the powder feeding device in the step (4) is one or more of a spiral powder feeding device, a gravity powder feeding device or an air compressor powder feeding device.
7. The method for achieving the heterogeneous welding of the titanium alloy and the aluminum alloy according to the claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tin powder in the step (4) is high-purity tin powder sold in the market, and the powder granularity is 100-1000 meshes.
CN202011026042.4A 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 Method for realizing heterogeneous welding of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy Active CN112207419B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002126882A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-08 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Friction-agitation jointing equipment
JP2003170280A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-17 Nippon Steel Corp Method for connecting different kinds of metallic materials
CN102161130A (en) * 2010-12-10 2011-08-24 燕山大学 A special stirring head employing friction stirring method to mix aluminum and low melting point metal
CN103008875A (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-04-03 北京理工大学 Dissimilar metal welding joint and welding method thereof
US20140174344A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2014-06-26 Aeroprobe Corporation Feed roller type system for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication
CN105057881A (en) * 2015-09-18 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing pre-stacking aluminum layer
CN106077945A (en) * 2016-07-04 2016-11-09 南昌航空大学 A kind of method improving titanium alloy/aluminium alloy dissimilar metal friction stir spot welding strength of joint

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002126882A (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-08 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Friction-agitation jointing equipment
JP2003170280A (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-17 Nippon Steel Corp Method for connecting different kinds of metallic materials
US20140174344A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2014-06-26 Aeroprobe Corporation Feed roller type system for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication
CN102161130A (en) * 2010-12-10 2011-08-24 燕山大学 A special stirring head employing friction stirring method to mix aluminum and low melting point metal
CN103008875A (en) * 2012-12-28 2013-04-03 北京理工大学 Dissimilar metal welding joint and welding method thereof
CN105057881A (en) * 2015-09-18 2015-11-18 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for overlap joint of special-shaped titanium aluminum metal through friction stir welding by utilizing pre-stacking aluminum layer
CN106077945A (en) * 2016-07-04 2016-11-09 南昌航空大学 A kind of method improving titanium alloy/aluminium alloy dissimilar metal friction stir spot welding strength of joint

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