CN104400215B - A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size - Google Patents
A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size Download PDFInfo
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- CN104400215B CN104400215B CN201410705553.7A CN201410705553A CN104400215B CN 104400215 B CN104400215 B CN 104400215B CN 201410705553 A CN201410705553 A CN 201410705553A CN 104400215 B CN104400215 B CN 104400215B
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- welded piece
- diameter
- mixing needle
- upper cylindrical
- stirring
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
Abstract
A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size, the present invention relates to agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head and welding method thereof, it effectively carries thickness and effective lap width to solve advance side Hook defect and retrogressing side cold lapping defect reduction joint in existing agitating friction overlap welding joint, reduces the problem of joint mechanical property.This agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle, and wherein mixing needle is connected in sequence by Upper cylindrical, middle part dome and bottom round platform.Welding method: one, determine stirring-head size; Two, mixing needle length is determined; Three, fixing welded piece; Four, dome in the middle part of mixing needle is made to press to two welded piece overlap joint interfaces; Five, agitating friction welding is carried out.The present invention, in welding process, utilizes middle part dome to stir original overlap joint interface, has both effectively reduced boundary defect size, makes again effectively to overlap area and increases, thus improve the mechanical property of joint.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, be specifically related to a kind of agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head and welding method thereof.
Background technology
Friction stir welding is a kind of novel solid phase joining technique of Britain's institute of welding exploitation in 1991, there is the advantages such as welding point distortion is little, welding process automation, and overcome the defects such as the pore of traditional melting welding, slag inclusion, flawless high-quality joint can be obtained.Lap joint, as one of main joint form, is widely used in welding.But in agitating friction overlap welding joint, the original overlap joint interface of nugget both sides occurs because of the Plastic Flow of weld material upwards or downward flexural deformation, wherein mainly contains the Hook defect of advance side and retreats two kinds of boundary defects such as side " cold lapping defect ".The existence of these two kinds of boundary defects can reduce effective carrying thickness of joint and effective lap width, has thus had a strong impact on the mechanical property of joint, reduces the bearing capacity of component.
Therefore, be necessary to invent a kind of agitating friction welding stirring-head reducing boundary defect size.
Summary of the invention
The present invention effectively carries thickness and effective lap width for solving two kinds of boundary defects reduction joints in existing agitating friction overlap welding joint, reduce the problem of joint mechanical property, and propose a kind of the agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head and the welding method thereof that reduce boundary defect size.
The agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head that the present invention reduces boundary defect size is made up of the shaft shoulder and mixing needle, mixing needle and the shaft shoulder are coaxially arranged, wherein mixing needle is by Upper cylindrical, middle part dome and bottom round platform composition, one end of Upper cylindrical is packed on the lower surface of the shaft shoulder, the other end of Upper cylindrical is connected with middle part dome, the bottom surface of connection bottom, the lower surface round platform of middle part dome, the diameter of Upper cylindrical is equal with the basal diameter of bottom round platform, the diameter of Upper cylindrical is less than the convex diameter of a circle in middle part, and all with right-handed thread on the outer surface of Upper cylindrical and bottom round platform.
The agitating friction overlap welding method that the present invention reduces boundary defect size realizes according to following steps:
One, stirring-head size is determined: the diameter, the diameter of mixing needle Upper cylindrical, the diameter of round platform bottom surface, bottom, the convex diameter of a circle in middle part that are added the gained gross thickness determination shaft shoulder according to the thickness of the first welded piece and the thickness of the second welded piece and the first welded piece with the second welded piece thickness, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 3 ~ 5 times of gross thickness, the diameter of mixing needle Upper cylindrical and the basal diameter of bottom round platform are 1 ~ 2 times of gross thickness, and the convex diameter of a circle in middle part is 1.2 ~ 1.5 times of Upper cylindrical diameter;
Two, the length of mixing needle is determined: the little 0.5 ~ 2.5mm of thickness of aspect ratio first welded piece of mixing needle Upper cylindrical, in the middle part of mixing needle, the height of dome is 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, and the height of mixing needle bottom round platform is 0.1 ~ 1.0 times of the second welded piece thickness;
Three, fixing welded piece: utilize fixture the first welded piece and the second welded piece to be fixed on the table, make the first welded piece place plane parallel with the second welded piece place plane, and the first welded piece is closely overlapped in above the second welded piece, complete the assembling of welded piece;
Four, depression depths is determined: dome horizontal centre cross section in the middle part of stirring-head depression depths to mixing needle and the first welded piece and the second welded piece are overlapped interface overlapping position, and the degree of depth that the shaft shoulder is pressed into the first welded piece is 0 ~ 1mm, completes the location of stirring-head;
Five, agitating friction welding: stirring-head is pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece and the second welded piece lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 2 ~ 100 mm/min, controlling Rotating speed is 200 ~ 3000 revs/min, stirring-head is walked, until welded with the center line of the speed of welding of 20 ~ 1500 mm/min along the first welded piece and the second welded piece lap-joint.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises following three aspects:
One, mixing needle of the present invention is in welding process, the middle part dome utilizing diameter to be greater than Upper cylindrical and bottom round platform stirs original overlap joint interface, the weld width overlapping interface is increased, and effectively overlap joint area increases, thus improves the bearing capacity of joint in overlap joint interface;
Two, in the middle part of mixing needle, the design of dome effectively can suppress weld metal flowing in vertical direction, decrease and because of the Plastic Flow of weld material, interface is occurred upwards or downward flexural deformation, namely reduce the Hook defect of advance side and retreat side " cold lapping defect ";
Three, middle part dome diameter compared with Upper cylindrical and bottom round platform size large, the cylindric mixing needle identical with middle part dome with diameter is compared, this design, while increase effectively overlap joint area, can not cause the softening of the joint heat affected area caused due to the increase of heat input.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the lap-welded welding process of agitating friction in the present invention, and wherein 1 is stirring-head, and 2 is the first welded piece, 3 is the second welded piece, and 4 is the shaft shoulder, and 5 is mixing needle, 5-1 is mixing needle Upper cylindrical, and 5-2 is dome in the middle part of mixing needle, and 5-3 is mixing needle bottom round platform;
Fig. 2 is the relative position schematic diagram of stirring-head and two blocks of sheet materials to be welded in agitating friction overlap welding process, and wherein T is welded piece gross thickness, t
1be the first welded piece thickness, t
2be the second welded piece thickness, h
1for mixing needle Upper cylindrical height, h
2for dome height in the middle part of mixing needle, h
3mixing needle bottom, position frustum cone height, D
4for shaft shoulder diameter, d
1for mixing needle Upper cylindrical diameter, d
2for dome diameter in the middle part of mixing needle, d
3for mixing needle bottom round platform basal diameter.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: the agitating friction overlap welding stirring-head 1 that present embodiment reduces boundary defect size is made up of the shaft shoulder 4 and mixing needle 5, mixing needle 5 and the shaft shoulder 4 are coaxially arranged, wherein mixing needle 5 is made up of Upper cylindrical 5-1, middle part dome 5-2 and bottom round platform 5-3, one end of Upper cylindrical 5-1 is packed on the lower surface of the shaft shoulder 4, the other end of Upper cylindrical 5-1 is connected with middle part dome 5-2, the bottom surface of connection bottom, the lower surface round platform 5-3 of middle part dome 5-2, the diameter d of Upper cylindrical 5-1
1with the basal diameter d of bottom round platform 5-3
3equal, the diameter d of Upper cylindrical 5-1
1be less than the diameter d of middle part dome 5-2
2, and all with right-handed thread on the outer surface of Upper cylindrical 5-1 and bottom round platform 5-3.
Detailed description of the invention two: the agitating friction overlap welding method that present embodiment reduces boundary defect size is implemented according to following steps:
One, stirring-head size is determined: according to the thickness t of the first welded piece 2
1with the thickness t of the second welded piece 3
2and first welded piece 2 be added with the second welded piece 3 thickness the diameter D that gained gross thickness T determines the shaft shoulder 4
4, mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1 diameter d
1, round platform 5-3 bottom surface, bottom diameter d
3, middle part dome 5-2 diameter d
2, the diameter D of the shaft shoulder 4
4for 3 ~ 5 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1
1with the basal diameter d of bottom round platform 5-3
3for 1 ~ 2 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of middle part dome 5-2
2for Upper cylindrical 5-1 diameter d
11.2 ~ 1.5 times;
Two, the length of mixing needle is determined: the height h of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1
1than the thickness t of the first welded piece 2
1little 0.5 ~ 2.5mm, the height h of dome 5-2 in the middle part of mixing needle
2be 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, the height h of mixing needle bottom round platform 5-3
3be the second welded piece thickness t
20.1 ~ 1.0 times;
Three, fixing welded piece: utilize fixture the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 to be fixed on the table, make the first welded piece 2 place plane parallel with the second welded piece 3 place plane, and the first welded piece 2 is closely overlapped in above the second welded piece 3, completes the assembling of welded piece;
Four, depression depths is determined: dome 5-2 horizontal centre cross section in the middle part of stirring-head depression depths to mixing needle and the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 are overlapped interface overlapping position, the degree of depth that the shaft shoulder 4 is pressed into the first welded piece 2 is 0 ~ 1mm, completes the location of stirring-head;
Five, agitating friction welding: stirring-head 1 is pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 2 ~ 100 mm/min, the rotary speed controlling stirring-head 1 is 200 ~ 3000 revs/min, stirring-head 1 is walked, until welded with the center line of the speed of welding of 20 ~ 1500 mm/min along the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 lap-joint.
The each component height value of present embodiment to ensure that in welding process in the middle part of mixing needle that dome 5-2 horizontal centre cross section overlaps interface with the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 and overlaps.
Detailed description of the invention three: present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two are unlike the diameter D of step one shaft shoulder 4
4for 4 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1
1with the basal diameter d of bottom round platform 5-3
3for 1.5 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of middle part dome 5-2
2for Upper cylindrical 5-1 diameter d
11.4 times.Other step and parameter identical with detailed description of the invention two.
The each size of present embodiment stirring-head can ensure the stability of appearance of weld.
Detailed description of the invention four: present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two or three are unlike the height h of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1 in step 2
1than the thickness t of the first welded piece 2
1little 0.7mm, the height h of dome 5-2 in the middle part of mixing needle
2for 1mm, the height h of mixing needle bottom round platform 5-3
3be the second welded piece thickness t
20.5 times.Other step is identical with detailed description of the invention two or three.
The each size of present embodiment stirring-head can ensure the stability of appearance of weld.
Detailed description of the invention five: the degree of depth that one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two to four are pressed into the first welded piece 2 unlike the shaft shoulder in step 44 is 0.2mm.Other step and parameter identical with one of detailed description of the invention two to four.
Detailed description of the invention six: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two to five are 800 ~ 1200 revs/min unlike the rotary speed controlling stirring-head 1 in step 5.Other step and parameter identical with one of detailed description of the invention two to five.
Detailed description of the invention seven: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two to six are pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 10 ~ 30 mm/min unlike stirring-head in step 51.Other step and parameter identical with one of detailed description of the invention two to six.
Detailed description of the invention eight: one of present embodiment and detailed description of the invention two to seven are 600 ~ 800 mm/min unlike regulating the speed of welding of stirring-head 1 in step 5.Other step and parameter identical with one of detailed description of the invention two to seven.
Embodiment: the agitating friction overlap welding method that the present embodiment reduces boundary defect size is implemented according to following steps:
One, stirring-head size is determined: according to the thickness t of the first welded piece 2
1the thickness t of=3mm and the second welded piece 3
2=3mm and the first welded piece 2 are added with the second welded piece 3 thickness the diameter D that gained gross thickness T=6mm determines the shaft shoulder 4
4, mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1 diameter d
1, round platform 5-3 bottom surface, bottom diameter d
3, middle part dome 5-2 diameter d
2, the diameter D of the shaft shoulder 4
4for 4 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1
1with the basal diameter d of bottom round platform 5-3
3for 1.5 times of gross thickness T, the diameter d of middle part dome 5-2
2for Upper cylindrical 5-1 diameter d
11.4 times;
Two, the length of mixing needle is determined: the height h of mixing needle Upper cylindrical 5-1
1than the thickness t of the first welded piece 2
1little 0.7mm, the height h of dome 5-2 in the middle part of mixing needle
2for 1mm, the height h of mixing needle bottom round platform 5-3
3be the second welded piece thickness t
20.5 times;
Three, fixing welded piece: utilize fixture the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 to be fixed on the table, make the first welded piece 2 place plane parallel with the second welded piece 3 place plane, and the first welded piece 2 is closely overlapped in above the second welded piece 3, completes the assembling of welded piece;
Four, depression depths is determined: dome 5-2 horizontal centre cross section in the middle part of stirring-head 1 depression depths to mixing needle and the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 are overlapped interface overlapping position, the degree of depth that the shaft shoulder 4 is pressed into the first welded piece 2 is 0.2mm, completes the location of stirring-head;
Five, agitating friction welding: stirring-head 1 is pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 20 mm/min, the rotary speed controlling stirring-head 1 is 1000 revs/min, stirring-head 1 is walked, until welded with the center line of the speed of welding of 750 mm/min along the first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 lap-joint.
The present embodiment first welded piece 2 and the second welded piece 3 material therefor are extrudate 6005 aluminium alloy.Under above parameter, obtain the agitating friction overlap welding joint that boundary defect size is less, significantly increase effective carrying thickness of joint and effective lap width, the lap joint of acquisition when therefore its mechanical property is better than adopting traditional cylindric and coniform mixing needle to weld.
Claims (7)
1. reduce the agitating friction overlap welding method of boundary defect size, the agitating friction overlap welding of this reduction boundary defect size is made up of the shaft shoulder (4) and mixing needle (5) with stirring-head (1), mixing needle (5) and the shaft shoulder (4) are coaxially arranged, wherein mixing needle (5) is by Upper cylindrical (5-1), middle part dome (5-2) and bottom round platform (5-3) composition, one end of Upper cylindrical (5-1) is packed on the lower surface of the shaft shoulder (4), the other end of Upper cylindrical (5-1) is connected with middle part dome (5-2), the bottom surface of the connection bottom, lower surface round platform (5-3) at middle part dome (5-2), diameter (the d of Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1) with the basal diameter (d of bottom round platform (5-3)
3) equal, the diameter (d of Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1) be less than middle part dome (5-2) diameter (d
2), and all with right-handed thread on the outer surface of Upper cylindrical (5-1) and bottom round platform (5-3), it is characterized in that realizing according to following steps:
One, stirring-head size is determined: according to the thickness (t of the first welded piece (2)
1) and the thickness (t of the second welded piece (3)
2) and the first welded piece (2) be added with the second welded piece (3) thickness the diameter (D that gained gross thickness (T) determines the shaft shoulder (4)
4), the diameter (d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1), the basal diameter (d of bottom round platform (5-3)
3) and the diameter (d of middle part dome (5-2)
2), the diameter (D of the shaft shoulder (4)
4) be 3 ~ 5 times of gross thickness (T), the diameter (d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1) with the basal diameter (d of bottom round platform (5-3)
3) be 1 ~ 2 times of gross thickness (T), the diameter (d of middle part dome (5-2)
2) be Upper cylindrical (5-1) diameter (d
1) 1.2 ~ 1.5 times;
Two, the length of mixing needle is determined: the height (h of mixing needle Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1) than the first welded piece (2) thickness (t
1) little 0.5 ~ 2.5mm, the height (h of dome (5-2) in the middle part of mixing needle
2) be 1.0 ~ 3.0mm, the height (h of mixing needle bottom round platform (5-3)
3) be the second welded piece (3) thickness (t
2) 0.1 ~ 1.0 times;
Three, fixing welded piece: utilize fixture the first welded piece (2) and the second welded piece (3) to be fixed on the table, make the first welded piece (2) place plane parallel with the second welded piece (3) place plane, and the first welded piece (2) is closely overlapped in the second welded piece (3) top, completes the assembling of welded piece;
Four, depression depths is determined: dome (5-2) horizontal centre cross section in the middle part of stirring-head depression depths to mixing needle and the first welded piece (2) are overlapped interface overlapping position with the second welded piece (3), the degree of depth that the shaft shoulder (4) is pressed into the first welded piece (2) is 0 ~ 1mm, completes the location of stirring-head;
Five, agitating friction welding: stirring-head (1) is pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece (2) and the second welded piece (3) lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 2 ~ 100 mm/min, controlling stirring-head (1) rotary speed is 200 ~ 3000 revs/min, stirring-head (1) is walked, until welded with the center line of the speed of welding of 20 ~ 1500 mm/min along the first welded piece (2) and the second welded piece (3) lap-joint.
2. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that the diameter (D of the shaft shoulder in step one (4)
4) be 4 times of gross thickness (T), the diameter (d of mixing needle Upper cylindrical (5-1)
1) with the basal diameter (d of bottom round platform (5-3)
3) be 1.5 times of gross thickness (T), the diameter (d of middle part dome (5-2)
2) be Upper cylindrical (5-1) diameter (d
1) 1.4 times.
3. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that the height (h of mixing needle Upper cylindrical (5-1) in step 2
1) than the first welded piece (2) thickness (t
1) little 0.7mm, the height (h of dome (5-2) in the middle part of mixing needle
2) be 1mm, the height (h of mixing needle bottom round platform (5-3)
3) be the second welded piece (3) thickness (t
2) 0.5 times.
4. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that the degree of depth that the shaft shoulder in step 4 (4) is pressed into the first welded piece (2) is 0.2mm.
5. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that the rotary speed controlling stirring-head (1) in step 5 is 800 ~ 1200 revs/min.
6. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that stirring-head in step 5 (1) is pressed into the initiating terminal of the center line of the first welded piece (2) and the second welded piece (3) lap-joint with the speed that presses down of 10 ~ 30 mm/min.
7. the agitating friction overlap welding method of reduction boundary defect size according to claim 1, is characterized in that regulating the speed of welding of stirring-head (1) to be 600 ~ 800 mm/min in step 5.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410705553.7A CN104400215B (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410705553.7A CN104400215B (en) | 2014-11-26 | 2014-11-26 | A kind of agitating friction overlap welding method reducing boundary defect size |
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| CN104400215B true CN104400215B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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| CN104625394A (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2015-05-20 | 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 | Single-shoulder stirring head used for welding metal clad plates |
| CN104959726B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-03-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Stirring friction overlap welding method overcoming Hook defects on advancing side |
| CN105057880A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州润昇精密机械有限公司 | Novel friction stir welding stirring head |
| CN106475677A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of different alloys T-shaped agitating friction welder with fluting and welding method |
| JP6885285B2 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-06-09 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | How to manufacture a liquid-cooled jacket |
| CN107876966B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-02-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | It is a kind of to reduce Friction Stir Welding to the welding method of lap joint defect |
| CN108188565B (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2020-09-08 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Device and method for preparing gradient nanostructure with controllable tissue |
| CN110977140B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2022-06-07 | 昆山万洲特种焊接有限公司 | Friction stir spot welding riveting tool and method for removing aluminum steel lap hook-shaped defects |
| CN114654072A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-06-24 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | Stirring device and system for improving strength of friction stir welding lap joint |
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