CN100417487C - Tube sheet friction welding method - Google Patents
Tube sheet friction welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100417487C CN100417487C CNB2006100866118A CN200610086611A CN100417487C CN 100417487 C CN100417487 C CN 100417487C CN B2006100866118 A CNB2006100866118 A CN B2006100866118A CN 200610086611 A CN200610086611 A CN 200610086611A CN 100417487 C CN100417487 C CN 100417487C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a tube sheet friction welding method which has the characteristics of simple process, high quality of welded joints, low residual stress of the welded joints, etc. The present invention can be used for welding various non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper, copper alloys, etc. with steel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding field, relate in particular to a kind of tube sheet friction welding method.
Background technology
Friction welding (FW) (friction welding) is a kind of press welding method, it is under external force, utilize relative fricting movement and the mobile heat that is produced of plasticity between the weldment contact-making surface, make contact-making surface and near region metal thereof reach the visco-plasticity state and produce suitable macroscopical plastic deformation, finish welding by phase counterdiffusion between two layers of material and dynamic recrystallization.
At present; in all kinds of pressure vessels; space flight tank for example; because a variety of causes will be installed various pipes at vessel surface; these pipes adopt the method for conventional molten solder to weld usually; for example manual electric arc welding, argon tungsten-arc welding, gas metal-arc welding etc., joint form carries out butt welding with pipe after generally adopting angle welding or dull and stereotyped flange.Connect for angle welding, near weld seam material can cause performance to descend because of the influence of Thermal Cycle on the one hand, and welding tube sheet angle welding welding condition is poor, the constraint (restraint) degree height, the stressing conditions complexity, defectives such as easy generation is lack of penetration, crackle, welding residual stress is bigger on the other hand, and these factors make to take over to distinguish becomes place the weakest in the container.If adopt the flange butt welding, the technology more complicated forms face crack easily during for some material flange, influence welding quality.In addition for some alloy in lightweight (mainly being aluminium alloy), the shortcoming of these conventional welding methods is in the process of welding aluminum alloy, owing to reasons such as itself preweld cleaning, metallurgy and welding methods, in weld seam, produce pore easily, under the effect of welding stress, be easy to generate weld defects such as crackle.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that existing tube sheet solder technology exists, the tube sheet friction welding method that a kind of technology is simple, weldquality is high, weld residual stress is low is provided.
To achieve these goals, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) needing bellmouth of container outer wall processing of welded pipe, one end of conduit is processed as taper, the taper hole and the pipe of processing are matched, support backing plate, be used for resisting friction pressure and the upsetting force in the welding process and force appearance of weld at back of back fixation of wallboard to be welded;
(2) put on mandrel in catheter interior, with nut mandrel and conduit are tightened together, the other end of mandrel is fixed on the whirligig speed rotation with 2000～5000r/min at an end of mandrel;
(3) advance the drive downcomer of the mandrel worker that rubs on one side,, make the upper conical frictional interface of conduit and wallboard closely contact and produce sufficient frictional heat that through 0.5～5s, the mandrel of rotation is braked anxious stopping rapidly at a high speed on one side with the speed rotation of 2000～5000r/min;
(4) upset pressurize applies axial compressive force by mandrel, makes the axial upsetting force of conduit and container wallboard conical friction interface maintenance 50～200MPa, to obtain high-quality joint;
(5) will remove, polish above the redundance of plate inner surface tube, finish welding after testing.
Material of the present invention be can use and various non-ferrous metals and steel such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper and copper alloy comprised.
Compare with tube sheet fusion welding method in the past, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) adopt liquid process, do not have the base metals fusing, weld residual stress is low, residual deformation is little;
(2) improve mechanical property, fatigue strength, fracture toughness and the joint plasticity of weld seam;
(3) welding parameter can accurately be controlled, technology stability and repeatability height;
(4) theory of mechanics is simple, capacity usage ratio is high;
(5) environmental protection, welding process do not produce flue dust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is mandrel among Fig. 1 and the Guan Wei structural representation before combining;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the macroscopical metallographic structure photo (6.5X) that utilizes welding point of the present invention;
Fig. 5 sees metallographic structure figure (150X) for utilizing welded seam of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified:
Be first embodiment of the invention as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, hole of processing, position of phase I adapter to be welded on to be welded dull and stereotyped 1 earlier, the shape in hole is a factor of the quality of influence welding, this hole degree of depth chamfering entirely also can the part chamfering, the angle of chamfering can be got 10 °～30 °, the inside diameter D 1 in hole is a bit larger tham external diameter of pipe D2, being convenient to conduit passes from the hole, one end of conduit 2 also will be processed the face of a taper, the span of cone angle is 10 °～60 °, the outer diameter D 2=12mm of pipe～50mm; A back side backing plate 3 is installed at the back side at wallboard 1; Put on mandrel 5 in catheter interior, with nut 4 mandrel 5 and conduit 2 are tightened together at an end of mandrel 5.Second stage is the friction heating period, groove 6 of other end processing of mandrel 5, be convenient to be fixed on the friction-welding machine chuck and apply axial force, friction-welding machine drives the conduit worker that rubs on one side by mandrel and advances, rotation at a high speed on one side, the hole that processes on the wallboard closely contacts mutually with conduit 2 conical surfaces, produce sufficient frictional heat, the temperature of contact interface raises, contact-making surface and near region metal thereof reach the visco-plasticity state and produce suitable macroscopical plastic deformation, in this process, back backing plate 3 is used for supporting the friction pressure that applies, and the friction welding process parameter of employing is:
Speed of mainshaft N=1500～5000r/min
Friction pressure P1=10～100KN
Friction T1=1～5s heat time heating time
Burnoff length L=1～10mm;
Phase III enters anxious stopping the deboost phase, drops to zero from operating rate rapidly at this stage conduit rotating speed, influences joint distortion layer thickness and welding quality between the anxious stopping time, T2＜0.2s between the anxious stopping time of general requirement; The quadravalence section is the upset packing stage, be meant the axial force that after suddenly stopping braking, keeps being applied on the rubbing surface, the upsetting force effect is oxide and other harmful being mingled with of extruding in the friction plastic property deformation layer, and make weld seam obtain forging and pressing, in conjunction with firm, grain refinement helps in forming fine and close good weld seam, and the technological parameter of employing is:
Upsetting force P2=15～100KN
Upset dwell time T3=2s～20s
To remove, polish, detect, finish welding above the unnecessary part of dull and stereotyped inner surface tube at last.
It is key factors that influence the friction welding quality that backing plate 3 is supported at the back, it is used for resisting friction pressure and the upsetting force in the welding process on the one hand, and store back of weld and extrude overlap, therefore, its degree of depth, diameter and shape are extremely important for forming a flawless weld seam, its structure will be optimized design at each situation, and design considerations mainly is welding parameter, pipe/pore structure, thickness of workpiece etc.Back support backing plate bore dia D3 is greater than the outer diameter D 2 of pipe generally speaking, be of a size of D3=D2 (external diameter of pipe)+(0.1～1) mm, hole on the back support backing plate generally will process a chamfering or groove, be used for storing the metal that plasticity flows, wherein the angle of chamfering can value 10 °～20 °.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as second embodiment of the present invention, the difference of itself and first embodiment only is that plate 1 to be welded is arc.
As shown in Figure 4, be macroscopical metallographic structure (6.5X) of tube sheet friction welded joint, wherein 7 is the metallographic structure of wallboard one side, 8 metallographic structures for pipe one side, and wherein the material of pipe and plate all is 2014 aluminium alloys, materials behavior is a quenching+artificial aging.
As shown in Figure 5, tube sheet friction welding weld seam metallographic structure (150X), weld metal crystal grain is tiny, the inner no any defective of weld seam.
Claims (3)
1. a tube sheet friction welding method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, needing bellmouth of container outer wall processing of welded pipe, one end of conduit (2) is processed as taper, the taper hole and the pipe of processing are matched, backing plate (3) is supported at back of back fixation at wallboard to be welded (1), is used for resisting friction pressure and the upsetting force in the welding process and forces appearance of weld;
B, put on mandrel (5), with nut (4) mandrel (5) and conduit (2) are tightened together, the other end of mandrel (5) is fixed on the whirligig speed rotation with 2000～5000r/min at an end of mandrel (5) in catheter interior;
C, advance the drive downcomer (2) of mandrel (5) worker that rubs on one side, rotate with the speed of 2000～5000r/min on one side, make conduit (2) and the upper conical frictional interface of wallboard (1) closely contact and produce sufficient frictional heat that through 0.5～5s, the mandrel (5) of rotation is braked anxious stopping rapidly at a high speed;
D, upset pressurize apply axial compressive force by mandrel (5), make the axial upsetting force of conduit (2) and container wallboard (1) conical friction interface maintenance 50～200MPa, to obtain high-quality joint;
E, will remove, polish, finish welding after testing above the redundance of plate inner surface tube.
2. tube sheet friction welding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described back backing plate (3) is used for supporting the friction pressure that applies, and the friction welding process parameter of employing is:
Speed of mainshaft N=1500～5000r/min
Friction pressure P1=10～100KN
Friction T1=1～5s heat time heating time
Burnoff length L=1～10mm.
3. tube sheet friction welding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bellmouth degree of depth chamfering entirely also can the part chamfering, the angle of chamfering can be got 10 °～30 °, the inside diameter D 1 in hole is a bit larger tham external diameter of pipe D2, being convenient to conduit passes from the hole, one end of conduit (2) also will be processed the face of a taper, and the span of cone angle is 10 °～60 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100866118A CN100417487C (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Tube sheet friction welding method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100866118A CN100417487C (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Tube sheet friction welding method |
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| CN1876307A CN1876307A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
| CN100417487C true CN100417487C (en) | 2008-09-10 |
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| CNB2006100866118A Active CN100417487C (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2006-06-23 | Tube sheet friction welding method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6254082B2 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2017-12-27 | ロッキード マーティン コーポレイション | Method and apparatus for friction stir welding of tube ends for heat exchangers |
| SG11201601339SA (en) * | 2013-08-26 | 2016-03-30 | Lockheed Corp | Method of friction stir welding a tube to an element using a tubular anvil; structure manufactured by this method |
| CN104942428B (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-06-16 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of production technology of hydraulic cylinder friction welding |
| CN105397280B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of synchronous expanded joint friction method for welding of tube plate structure |
| CN105414738B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-01-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of assisted and strengthened tube sheet friction deformation diffusion-welding of annular groove connects method |
| CN105414740B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration |
| CN107971624A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 浙江理工大学 | A kind of T-shaped connection method of steel plate and aluminium sheet |
| CN108757691B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-12-15 | 苏州贝弗金属科技有限公司 | Welding method for copper pressure riveting nut column on sheet metal part |
| CN111015110B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2021-01-08 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of metal pipe fitting difficult to deform |
| CN113305416A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-27 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Tube plate welding beam and manufacturing method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4117594A1 (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1991-10-24 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Tube and plate friction joint - has flange at the tube end to be bonded to the plate surface |
| JP2001287050A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-16 | Nippon Stud Welding Co Ltd | Method of friction pressure joining for pipe and plate members and plate member with pipe manufactured by the same |
| EP1222990A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-17 | SCAGLIA S.p.A. | Method and machine for manufacturing metallic spools by means of friction welding |
| CN1522186A (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2004-08-18 | �����ع�ҵ��ʽ���� | Integrated piping plate, machining method for same, machining apparatus for same, and machining equipment for same |
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2006
- 2006-06-23 CN CNB2006100866118A patent/CN100417487C/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4117594A1 (en) * | 1991-05-29 | 1991-10-24 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Tube and plate friction joint - has flange at the tube end to be bonded to the plate surface |
| JP2001287050A (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-16 | Nippon Stud Welding Co Ltd | Method of friction pressure joining for pipe and plate members and plate member with pipe manufactured by the same |
| EP1222990A1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-17 | SCAGLIA S.p.A. | Method and machine for manufacturing metallic spools by means of friction welding |
| CN1522186A (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2004-08-18 | �����ع�ҵ��ʽ���� | Integrated piping plate, machining method for same, machining apparatus for same, and machining equipment for same |
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| CN1876307A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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Assignee: TIANJIN AEROSPACE HYDRAUMATIC EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. Assignor: Capital Aerospace Machinery Company Contract record no.: 2010120000050 Denomination of invention: Tube sheet friction welding method Granted publication date: 20080910 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20061213 Record date: 20100505 |