CN105414740B - A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration - Google Patents
A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration Download PDFInfo
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- CN105414740B CN105414740B CN201511029233.5A CN201511029233A CN105414740B CN 105414740 B CN105414740 B CN 105414740B CN 201511029233 A CN201511029233 A CN 201511029233A CN 105414740 B CN105414740 B CN 105414740B
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- pipe
- tube
- tube sheet
- friction head
- friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration, for occur when solving and realizing and connected between heat exchanger tube and tube sheet using the method for expanded joint, melting welding and combinations thereof the relaxation of high temperature joint, crevice corrosion the problem of.Method：First, first polishing removes pipe and tube sheet treats welding zone material surface oxide-film, then using the surface of organic solvent or cleaning agent wiping pipe and tube sheet；2nd, Step 2: gap when tube-to-tube sheet connection is loaded between tube outer wall and tube sheet endoporus is e, the length of tube sheet upper surface is stretched out for k in the upper end of pipe；3rd, high speed rotary grinding head is penetrated with certain press-in speed in the endoporus of pipe, makes pipe frictional heat between friction head and pipe, and pipe deformation heat production progressivelyes reach hot plastic state；When the shaft shoulder of friction head is pressed into tube sheet upper surface depth t, friction head is kept rotating at a high speed and stopping 5s, and friction head is at the uniform velocity lifted, atoms permeating and metallurgical binding is formed between tube sheet and pipe.The present invention is used for Tube-sheet Welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of friction welding method, and in particular to one kind is thermal source using frictional heat, realizes tube plate structure
The diffusion welding method of expanded and welded tube joint integration.
Background technology
Tube plate structure is current most widely used heat exchanger form, after exchanger tubes and tubesheets are attached, it is possible to
As device, the function of heat exchange is realized.Heat exchanger occupies critical role in many industrial productions such as chemical industry, oil, food, should
With extensive.Tube plate structure is common a kind of integrated structure in heat exchanger, frequently with entering by the way of expanded joint, welding and expanded and welded tube joint
Row connection, due to pipe orifice joint bear for a long time the axial load that pressure difference produces to pipe, repeatedly repeatedly cooling, heating, high pressure and
Dielectric corrosion fatigue rupture etc. is acted on, and mouth of pipe weldquality is particularly important, particularly mechanical property and sealing.If in weld seam
There is the defects such as crackle, stomata, in the presence of alternate stress, be easily caused Defect expanding, so that leaking.Expanded joint be according to
The plastic deformation of tube reaches sealing and mechanically connected that creep discharges residual stress at high temperature, and makes under the rigidity of material
Drop, thermal expansion stress increase, causes joint to relax, or even come off.The method of fusion welding can ensure junction one
Fixed sealing and intensity, but there is stress concentration in commissure, and manage there is gap between tube sheet, the appearance in corrosive medium
It is also easy to produce gap (stress) corrosion.Expanded and welded tube joint and with being the method that generally uses at present, it is therefore intended that comprehensive utilization expanded joint and welding
Respective advantage, not only proof strength but also can eliminate crevice corrosion.In actual production, after typically using first postwelding swollen or first swollen
The order of weldering, can so complicate connection procedure, the matching of material, tube expansion pressure, welding material between tube-to-tube sheet connection
The factors such as material, welding parameter all can produce influence to quality of connection, especially for the fusing of pipe-pipe sheet foreign material
Welding, is easily cracked, the shortcoming such as stress concentration, ultimately results in production efficiency reduction, cost increase.
The content of the invention
When the present invention is connected to solve to be realized using the method for expanded joint, melting welding and combinations thereof between heat exchanger tube and tube sheet
The problems such as high temperature joint relaxation of appearance, crevice corrosion, complex manufacturing, high cost, there is provided a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint
The diffusion welding method of integration.
The present invention a kind of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration diffusion welding method through the following steps that realize：
Step 1: preweld cleaning：First pass through mechanical grinding removing pipe and tube sheet treats welding zone material surface oxide-film, then adopt
The surface of pipe and tube sheet is wiped with organic solvent or cleaning agent, goes to degrease and metallic dust；
Step 2: tube-to-tube sheet connection is loaded：Gap when being loaded between tube outer wall and tube sheet endoporus is e, pipe
The length that tube sheet upper surface is stretched out in upper end is k；
Step 3: friction welding：High speed rotary grinding head is penetrated with certain press-in speed in the endoporus of pipe, makes pipe
The frictional heat between friction head and pipe, pipe deformation heat production progressivelyes reach hot plastic state；When the shaft shoulder of friction head is pressed into
During the depth t of tube sheet upper surface, friction head keep at a high speed rotate and stop 1s~10s, friction head is at the uniform velocity lifted afterwards, tube sheet with
Atoms permeating and metallurgical binding is formed between pipe, so as to obtain the heat exchanger tube of the diffusion welding of integration.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：
First, the present invention is frictional heat and pipe wall material between a kind of friction head and tube wall by on-consumable in friction
The diffusion welding method formed under strong deformation heat production collective effect under pin rotation drive.
2nd, the diameter of phi 1 of friction pin is more than the internal diameter a of pipe, and when the pin that rubs penetrates ips, friction pin is outwards squeezed
Pressure pipe, reaches the purpose of expanded joint；At the same time, under deformation induced in frictional heat and by force, atom quickly spreads, in tube outer wall
Diffusion Bonded Joint is formed between tube sheet inwall.
3rd, the end extension elongation k of pipe is connected and machinery with forming metallurgy in friction head shaft shoulder interaction process
Coefficient region f is engaged, as shown in figure 3, both ensure that joint tighness also enhanced joint mechanical property.
4th, the inventive method can be applied to the tube plate structure of most non-ferrous metals and steel, be applicable not only to pipe-
Tube sheet is the situation of same material, it may also be used for copper/steel, aluminium/steel, the connection of the foreign material such as titanium/steel.
5th, the inventive method is solid diffusivity, no melting phenomenon, can avoid crackle, stomata, slag inclusion, the stress in melting welding
The problems such as concentration.
6th, the inventive method can realize that the expanded and welded tube joint integration of heat exchanger tube sheet structure is completed simultaneously, and process is simple, production effect
Rate is high, and without added material and protection gas etc., cost is low.
7th, the inventive method is produced without the goods and materials that arc light, flue dust etc. are pernicious to people, and is a kind of green, high-quality, efficient new
Method.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inventive method step 2；
Fig. 2 is that friction head 3 with the frictional heat of pipe 1 and reaches the signal of hot plastic state in the inventive method step 3
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the shaft shoulder 3-1 press-in tube sheets 2 upper surface depth t of friction head 3 in the inventive method step 3 schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram at the uniform velocity lifted friction head 3 in the inventive method step 3.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the heat exchanger tube of the integrated diffusion welding of acquisition in the inventive method step 3.
Embodiment
Embodiment one：Illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1~Fig. 5 through the following steps that reality
Existing：
Step 1: preweld cleaning：First pass through mechanical grinding removing pipe 1 and tube sheet 2 treats welding zone material surface oxide-film, then
The surface of pipe 1 and tube sheet 2 is wiped using organic solvent or cleaning agent, goes to degrease and metallic dust；
Step 2: pipe 1 and tube sheet 2 are loaded：Gap when being loaded between the outer wall of pipe 1 and the endoporus of tube sheet 2 is e, pipe
The length that the upper surface of tube sheet 2 is stretched out in the upper end of son 1 is k, sees Fig. 1；
Step 3: friction welding：High speed rotary grinding first 3 is penetrated with certain press-in speed in the endoporus of pipe 1, makes pipe
The frictional heat between friction head 3 and pipe 1 of son 1, the deformation heat production of pipe 1 progressivelyes reach hot plastic state, sees Fig. 2；Work as friction
During first 3 shaft shoulder 3-1 press-in 2 upper surface depth t of tube sheet, Fig. 3 is seen, friction head 3 keeps rotating at a high speed and stopping 1s~10s, it
Friction head 3 is at the uniform velocity lifted afterwards, Fig. 4 is seen, atoms permeating and metallurgical binding is formed between tube sheet 2 and pipe 1, so as to obtain one
The heat exchanger tube of the diffusion welding of change, is shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment two：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, present embodiment is that organic solvent is wine in step one
Essence or acetone.Other steps are identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, present embodiment be in step 2 the outer wall of pipe 1 with
Gap e between the endoporus of tube sheet 2 is 0.05mm~0.25mm.Gap e numerical value is chosen according to selected materials and performance.Other steps
Suddenly it is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1, present embodiment is the upper end of pipe 1 in step 2
The length k for stretching out the upper surface of tube sheet 2 is 0~2mm.Length k numerical value is chosen according to selected materials and performance.Other steps and tool
Body embodiment three is identical.
Embodiment five：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1~Fig. 4, present embodiment is friction head 3 in step 3
Material for ceramics or hard alloy.Other steps are identical with embodiment one, two or four.
Embodiment six：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, present embodiment is friction head 3 in step 3
Friction pin 3-2 be non-threaded circular table structure, its length L spans be 5mm~25mm, cone angle be 2 °~10 °, friction
Pin 3-2 diameter of phi 1 is 5mm~32mm；The shaft shoulder 3-1 diameter of phi 2 of friction head 3 be 10mm~50mm, shaft shoulder indent angle beta be 3 °~
10°.Other steps are identical with embodiment five.
Embodiment seven：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 3, present embodiment is when tube sheet 2 and pipe in step 3
When son 1 is homogeneous material, such as steel/steel, aluminium/aluminium, titanium/titanium, copper/copper, due to the generation in the absence of intermetallic compound, selection
Stronger welding parameter：The rotating speed of friction head 3 is that 600r/min~6000r/min, press-in speed are 1mm/s~5mm/s, the shaft shoulder
3-1 compression distance t is 0~0.05mm, and the residence time of friction head 3 is 2s~8s.Other steps and the phase of embodiment five
Together.
Embodiment eight：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 3, present embodiment is when tube sheet 2 and pipe in step 3
When son 1 is homogeneous material, such as steel/steel, aluminium/aluminium, titanium/titanium, copper/copper, due to the generation in the absence of intermetallic compound, selection
Stronger welding parameter：The rotating speed of friction head 3 is that 2000r/min, press-in speed are 2.5mm/s, shaft shoulder 3-1 compression distance t
For 0.025mm, the residence time of friction head 3 is 5s.Other steps are identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment nine：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 3, present embodiment is when tube sheet 2 and pipe in step 3
When son 1 is foreign material, such as copper/steel, aluminium/steel, titanium/steel etc., to reduce the generation of intermetallic compound, select weaker welding
Parameter：The rotating speed 500r/min of friction head 3~3000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s~5mm/s, shaft shoulder 3-1 compression distance t
For 0~0.05mm, the residence time of friction head 3 is 2s~8s.Other steps are identical with embodiment five.
Embodiment ten：Illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, present embodiment is when tube sheet 2 in step 3
During with pipe 1 for foreign material, such as copper/steel, aluminium/steel, titanium/steel etc., to reduce the generation of intermetallic compound, select weaker
Welding parameter：The rotating speed 2000r/min of friction head 3, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, and shaft shoulder 3-1 compression distance t is 0.025mm,
The residence time of friction head 3 is 5s.Other steps are identical with embodiment nine.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration, it is characterised in that：Methods described is by following
What step was realized：
Step 1: preweld cleaning：First pass through mechanical grinding removing pipe (1) and tube sheet (2) treats welding zone material surface oxide-film, then
The surface of pipe (1) and tube sheet (2) is wiped using organic solvent or cleaning agent, goes to degrease and metallic dust；
Step 2: pipe (1) and tube sheet (2) are loaded：Gap e when being loaded between pipe (1) outer wall and tube sheet (2) endoporus is
The length of tube sheet (2) upper surface is stretched out for k in 0.05mm~0.25mm, the upper end of pipe (1)；
Step 3: friction welding：High speed rotary grinding head (3) is penetrated with certain press-in speed in the endoporus of pipe (1), makes pipe
Sub (1) frictional heat between friction head (3) and pipe (1), pipe (1) deformation heat production progressivelyes reach hot plastic state；When rubbing
Rubbing head (3) the shaft shoulder (3-1) press-in tube sheet (2) upper surface depth t when, friction head (3) keep at a high speed rotate and stop 1s~
10s, afterwards at the uniform velocity lifts friction head (3), atoms permeating and metallurgical binding is formed between tube sheet (2) and pipe (1), so as to obtain
Obtain the heat exchanger tube of integrated diffusion welding；The diameter of phi 1 of wherein friction pin is more than the internal diameter a of pipe, is pricked in friction pin
When entering ips, friction pin reaches the purpose of expanded joint outwardly against pipe.
2. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Organic solvent is alcohol or acetone in the step one.
3. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The length k that tube sheet (2) upper surface is stretched out in the upper end of pipe (1) in the step 2 is 0~2mm.
4. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 1,2 or 3, its feature
It is：The material of friction head (3) is ceramics or hard alloy in the step 3.
5. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3 friction pin (3-2) of friction head (3) be non-threaded circular table structure, its length L spans be 5mm~
25mm, cone angle is 2 °~10 °, and friction pin (3-2) diameter of phi 1 is 5mm~32mm；The shaft shoulder (3-1) diameter of phi 2 of friction head (3)
For 10mm~50mm, shaft shoulder indent angle beta is 3 °~10 °.
6. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are homogeneous material, stronger welding parameter is selected：The rotating speed of friction head (3)
It is 1mm/s~5mm/s for 600r/min~6000r/min, press-in speed, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0~0.05mm,
Friction head (3) residence time is 2s~8s.
7. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are homogeneous material, stronger welding parameter is selected：The rotating speed of friction head (3)
It is 2.5mm/s for 2000r/min, press-in speed, the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0.025mm, friction head (3) residence time
For 5s.
8. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are foreign material, weaker welding parameter is selected：Friction head (3) rotating speed
500r/min~3000r/min, press-in speed is 1mm/s~5mm/s, and the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0~0.05mm, is rubbed
Rubbing head (3) residence time is 2s~8s.
9. a kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
In the step 3 when tube sheet (2) and pipe (1) are foreign material, weaker welding parameter is selected：Friction head (3) rotating speed
2000r/min, press-in speed is 2.5mm/s, and the compression distance t of the shaft shoulder (3-1) is 0.025mm, and friction head (3) residence time is
5s。
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| CN201511029233.5A CN105414740B (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2015-12-30 | A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration |
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| CN201511029233.5A CN105414740B (en) | 2015-12-30 | 2015-12-30 | A kind of diffusion welding method of tube plate structure expanded and welded tube joint integration |
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| CN105414740B true CN105414740B (en) | 2017-11-03 |
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| CN107096991A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-29 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of preparation method of aluminum bronze multiple tube |
| CN107225318A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-10-03 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | The diffusion welding method of metal telescoping pieces |
| CN107457478B (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2020-04-10 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Expansion welding composite solid phase diffusion connection method for milling groove wallboard structure |
| CN110595103B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-08-31 | 远大空调有限公司 | High-temperature generator tube plate structure for lithium bromide cold-warm water unit |
| CN117415441B (en) * | 2023-12-19 | 2024-03-05 | 江苏金诺化工装备有限公司 | Welding head, welding device and welding process for heat exchanger end plate and heat transfer tube |
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