CN117123593A - Method and equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery material - Google Patents
Method and equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery material Download PDFInfo
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- CN117123593A CN117123593A CN202310409666.1A CN202310409666A CN117123593A CN 117123593 A CN117123593 A CN 117123593A CN 202310409666 A CN202310409666 A CN 202310409666A CN 117123593 A CN117123593 A CN 117123593A
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- battery
- lithium
- crushing
- lithium ion
- ion battery
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
- B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
- B09B2101/16—Batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method and equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials. A method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials comprises the following steps: step 1, disassembling: the lithium ion battery shell is disassembled, and the electrolyte is taken out and collected; step 2, crushing: crushing the disassembled battery under the nitrogen atmosphere; step 3, uniformly mixing and grinding: grinding the broken battery by using a grinder to obtain lithium battery powder; step 4, roasting: oxidizing and roasting lithium battery powder to obtain calcine; step 5, pulping: pulping the calcine to obtain pulping liquid; step 6, solid-liquid separation: and (5) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the pulping liquid. According to the invention, in the process of crushing the lithium battery, the lithium battery is crushed under the nitrogen atmosphere, so that the combustion of the lithium battery is prevented, and in the crushing process, the effect of crushing the lithium battery can be improved by adopting a mode that the crusher and the cutting knife alternately move up and down.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method and equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials.
Background
With the continuous development of the automobile industry, the oil car and the electric car are continuously updated, the electric car belongs to a new energy automobile, the power source of the new energy automobile is a lithium ion battery, the yield of the lithium ion battery is very high at present, some waste lithium ion batteries can be recycled, the waste lithium ion battery materials contain lithium, and the lithium can be extracted when the waste lithium ion battery materials are treated.
In the process of preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials, the waste lithium batteries are required to be disassembled, crushed and ground, the waste lithium batteries are required to be ground by using a grinder, and then the lithium batteries are required to be transported to a grinding position for grinding after being ground.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the continuous operation of crushing and grinding cannot be achieved in the prior art, and in the mincing process, the waste lithium ion battery is easy to spontaneously ignite to cause fire, the technical problem to be solved is that: the method and the equipment for preferentially extracting the lithium from the waste lithium ion battery materials can be provided, wherein nitrogen is introduced in the process of crushing the lithium battery, and the method and the equipment are automatically ground immediately after crushing.
The utility model provides a device for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials, which comprises a organic case, the feeding box, a motor, a belt, a gear and a crushing roller shaft, wherein the feeding box is connected to the upper part of the case, the motor is connected to the right lower part of the case through a bolt, the crushing roller shafts for crushing the lithium ion battery materials are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the upper part of the case in a rotating way, the gears are respectively connected to the front parts of the crushing roller shafts, the two gears are meshed with each other, the belt is wound between the front parts of the crushing roller shafts on the right part and the front parts of the output shafts of the motor through the driving wheels, and the driving wheels and the belt are driven to rotate through the rotation of the output shafts of the motor, so that the crushing roller shafts are driven to rotate to crush batteries; the grinding machine is characterized by further comprising a rotary table, connecting rods, guide rails, fixed grinding blocks and sliding grinding blocks, wherein the rotary table is connected to the front side and the rear side of a grinding roller shaft at the right part, the guide rails are connected to the front side and the rear side of the lower part in the machine case, the sliding grinding blocks are connected between the guide rails in a sliding mode, the connecting rods are connected to the front side and the rear side of the sliding grinding blocks in a rotating mode, the upper parts of the connecting rods are respectively connected with the eccentric positions of the rotary table in a rotating mode, the fixed grinding blocks are connected to the left lower part in the machine case, and the fixed grinding blocks and the sliding grinding blocks are matched with each other; the device also comprises a collecting box and a filter plate, wherein the collecting box is connected to the left lower part in the case in a sliding manner, and the filter plate is arranged at the top of the collecting box; the battery scrap collecting device comprises a feeding box, and is characterized by further comprising guide plates, wherein the left side and the right side of the upper part of the feeding box are all connected with brackets in a front-back symmetrical mode, and the guide plates used for guiding the battery scrap are connected between the lower parts of the brackets on the left side and between the lower sides of the brackets on the right side.
A method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials comprises the following steps:
step 1, disassembling:
step 1-1, firstly, rotating and taking down a nut on a lithium ion battery, then opening a top cover of the lithium ion battery, inverting the lithium ion battery, and pouring out and collecting electrolyte in the lithium ion battery;
step 1-2, pouring the lithium ion battery into a disassembling machine, and taking down the lithium ion battery shell by the disassembling machine;
step 1-3, separating the battery from the shell;
step 2, crushing:
crushing the disassembled battery under nitrogen atmosphere, and drying after crushing;
step 3, uniformly mixing and grinding:
pouring the crushed batteries into a grinder, and grinding the crushed batteries in the grinder while turning over to obtain lithium battery powder;
step 4, roasting:
oxidizing and roasting lithium battery powder to obtain calcine;
step 5, pulping:
adding 9-11L of deionized water into the calcine to carry out pulping treatment to obtain pulping liquid, and adding a proper amount of salt substances to extract lithium;
step 6, solid-liquid separation:
and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the beating liquid to obtain a lithium-containing solution and transformation slag, adding 1-8 parts of lithium phosphate into the lithium-containing solution, fusing the lithium phosphate and the lithium-containing solution together by using a mechanical stirring mode, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and filtering reactants to remove insoluble matters to obtain the lithium solution.
Preferably, the crushing in step 2 is specifically performed as follows:
step 2-1, introducing nitrogen:
firstly, introducing nitrogen into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 30-60 liters/hour, and the introducing time is 3-8 hours, so that the combustion of a lithium battery is avoided;
step 2-2, crushing:
starting a crusher to press the lithium battery downwards, enabling a cutting knife below the lithium battery to move upwards after the lithium battery is flattened, cutting the lower part of the lithium battery, alternately moving the crusher and the cutting knife upwards and downwards, and repeatedly flattening and cutting the lithium battery;
step 2-3, spraying:
the spraying part is introduced into the lower part of the atmosphere furnace, and after the cutting knife moves downwards, the spraying part starts to spray water mist;
step 2-4, drying:
after the crushing is finished, the crushed battery is transported to a drying part, the drying temperature is adjusted to be 50-120 ℃, the drying time is 1-2 hours, and the battery is taken out after the drying is finished.
Preferably, the crushing is carried out again, as the following steps:
step 2-5, feeding:
pouring the battery scraps dried in the step 2-4 into a feeding box;
step 2-6, crushing again:
the motor is started, an output shaft of the motor rotates to drive the right crushing roller shaft to rotate through the driving wheel and the belt, then the left crushing roller shaft is driven to rotate through the two gears, and the two crushing roller shafts rotate together to crush battery scraps again;
step 2-7, spraying degradation liquid:
in the process of crushing battery scraps by the crushing roller shaft, the degradation liquid is intermittently sprayed from the upper part of the feeding box, so that the toxicity of the battery scraps can be degraded while crushing.
Preferably, in the process of pouring battery scraps, the battery scraps fall onto the guide plate, and then fall onto the crushing roller shaft along with the guide plate, the guide plate can guide the battery scraps, so that the battery scraps are prevented from falling down directly without being crushed for the second time.
Preferably, in step 3, the grinding operation is specifically performed as follows:
step 3-1, grinding the battery scraps after the battery scraps are crushed for the second time, wherein the battery scraps can fall down onto the sliding grinding block;
and 3-2, driving the sliding grinding block to slide through the connecting rod when the grinding roll shaft at the right part rotates, wherein the sliding grinding block is matched with the fixed grinding block to grind battery scraps at the temperature of 100-500 ℃, so that the battery scraps are automatically ground while the battery is crushed, and finally, the battery powder is obtained and then is cooled.
Preferably, after the battery scraps are ground, the battery powder falls to the filter plate for filtering, then the battery powder falls to the collecting box for collecting, and battery scraps which are not thoroughly ground are left on the filter plate for filtering, and the battery scraps in large blocks are crushed again.
Preferably, the pulping process in step 5 specifically operates as follows:
step 5-1, mixing calcine and 9-11L of deionized water;
step 5-2, dissolving calcine and 9-11L of deionized water together by using a pulper, stirring, controlling the temperature at 30-60 ℃ and reacting for 2-5 hours;
step 5-3, continuously adding a proper amount of salt substances, then continuously stirring the proper amount of salt substances by using a pulper, and stopping the pulper after stirring for 30-50 minutes;
and 5-4, taking materials.
Preferably, after step 6, lithium ions in the lithium solution are precipitated to obtain a lithium salt.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. according to the invention, in the process of crushing the lithium battery, the lithium battery is crushed under the nitrogen atmosphere, so that the combustion of the lithium battery is prevented, and in the crushing process, the effect of crushing the lithium battery can be improved by adopting a mode that the crusher and the cutting knife alternately move up and down.
2. According to the invention, the crushing roller shaft is used for carrying out secondary crushing on the battery scraps, the degradation liquid is used for degrading the toxicity of the battery scraps in the crushing process, and the grinding operation is continued immediately after crushing, so that the battery scraps can be crushed more thoroughly, and lithium can be extracted later.
3. According to the invention, after the battery scraps are ground into powder, the battery powder can be collected after screening, and the battery scraps in large blocks can be screened out for re-crushing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a second perspective structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a pulverizing roll shaft according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-chassis, 2-support, 3-feeding case, 4-motor, 5-belt, 6-gear, 7-crushing roller, 8-carousel, 9-connecting rod, 10-guide rail, 11-fixed abrasive brick, 12-slip abrasive brick, 13-collecting box, 14-filter, 15-deflector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, illustrative examples and illustrations of which are provided herein to illustrate the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
The utility model provides a battery crushing mill of equipment of preferential extraction lithium in follow old and useless lithium ion battery material, as shown in fig. 1-5, including organic case 1, feeding case 3, motor 4, belt 5, gear 6 and crushing roller 7, case 1 upper portion is connected with feeding case 3, case 1 right lower part is through bolted connection having motor 4, the left and right sides on case 1 upper portion all is connected with crushing roller 7 in rotation, crushing roller 7 front portion all is connected with gear 6, two gears 6 intermeshing, the belt 5 is passed through between the drive wheel in crushing roller 7 front portion on right side and the output shaft front portion of motor 4.
Preferably, still including carousel 8, connecting rod 9, guide rail 10, fixed abrasive brick 11 and slip abrasive brick 12, both sides all are connected with carousel 8 around the crushing roller 7 of right part, both sides all are connected with guide rail 10 around the lower part in the machine case 1, be connected with slip abrasive brick 12 between the guide rail 10, both sides all are connected with connecting rod 9 in the front and back of slip abrasive brick 12 in the rotation mode, connecting rod 9 upper portion is connected with the eccentric position rotation of carousel 8 respectively, the lower left part is connected with fixed abrasive brick 11 in the machine case 1, fixed abrasive brick 11 and slip abrasive brick 12 mutually support.
Preferably, the device also comprises a collecting box 13 and a filter plate 14, wherein the collecting box 13 is connected to the left lower part in the case 1 in a sliding manner, and the filter plate 14 is arranged at the top of the collecting box 13.
Preferably, the feeding box further comprises a guide plate 15, the left side and the right side of the upper part of the feeding box 3 are respectively and symmetrically connected with the brackets 2, and the guide plate 15 is respectively connected between the lower parts of the brackets 2 on the left side and between the lower sides of the brackets 2 on the right side.
Example 2
Based on the embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, disassembling:
step 1-1, firstly, rotating and taking down a nut on a lithium ion battery, then opening a top cover of the lithium ion battery, inverting the lithium ion battery, and pouring out and collecting electrolyte in the lithium ion battery;
step 1-2, pouring the lithium ion battery into a disassembling machine, and taking down the lithium ion battery shell by the disassembling machine;
thirdly, separating the battery from the shell;
step 2, crushing:
step 2-1, introducing nitrogen:
firstly, introducing nitrogen into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 30-60 liters/hour, the introducing time is 3-8 hours, and the operation of the atmosphere furnace can prevent the combustion of the lithium battery when the temperature of the lithium battery is increased in the process of crushing the lithium battery;
step 2-2, crushing:
starting a crusher to press the lithium battery downwards, and enabling a cutting knife below the lithium battery to move upwards after the lithium battery is flattened to cut up the lower part of the lithium battery, wherein the crusher and the cutting knife alternately move up and down to repeatedly flatten and cut the lithium battery, so that the effect of efficiently crushing the lithium battery can be achieved;
step 2-3, spraying:
the spraying part is introduced from the inner lower part of the atmosphere furnace, after the cutting knife moves downwards, the spraying part starts to spray water mist, the temperature of the battery rises rapidly when the battery is crushed, the water mist can cool the battery, and the damage to the atmosphere furnace and the crushing part caused by the overhigh temperature of the battery is avoided;
step 2-4, drying:
after the crushing is finished, the crushed battery is transported to a drying part, the drying temperature is adjusted to be 50-120 ℃, the drying time is 1-2 hours, and the battery is taken out after the drying is finished.
Step 3, uniformly mixing and grinding:
step 3-1, feeding:
pouring the battery scraps dried in the steps 2-4 into the feeding box 3, falling the battery scraps onto the guide plate 15 in the process of pouring the battery scraps, and then falling onto the crushing roller shaft 7 along with the guide plate 15, wherein the guide plate 15 can guide the battery scraps so as to prevent the battery scraps from falling down directly without being crushed for the second time;
step 3-2, crushing again:
starting the motor 4, wherein an output shaft of the motor 4 rotates to drive the right crushing roller shaft 7 to rotate through the driving wheel and the belt 5, then driving the left crushing roller shaft 7 to rotate through the two gears 6, and the two crushing roller shafts 7 rotate together to crush battery scraps again to crush the battery scraps for the second time, so that the battery scraps are crushed more thoroughly, and lithium is extracted subsequently;
step 3-3, spraying degradation liquid:
in the process of crushing battery scraps by the crushing roller shaft 7, the degradation liquid is sprayed intermittently from the upper part of the feeding box 3, so that the toxicity of the battery scraps can be degraded while crushing;
step 3-4, grinding:
after secondary crushing of the battery scraps, the battery scraps are ground, and the battery scraps fall down onto the sliding grinding block 12; when the right crushing roller shaft 7 rotates, the sliding grinding block 12 is driven to slide through the connecting rod 9, the sliding grinding block 12 is matched with the fixed grinding block 11 to grind battery scraps, the grinding temperature is 100-500 ℃, and the battery scraps are automatically ground while the battery is crushed; after the battery scraps are ground, the battery powder can fall to the filter plate 14 for filtering, then the battery powder can fall to the collecting box 13 for collecting, and the battery scraps which are not thoroughly ground can be remained on the filter plate 14 for filtering, the battery scraps in large blocks can be crushed again, the battery powder can be screened out by repeating the operation, and finally the obtained battery powder is subjected to cooling treatment;
step 4, roasting:
oxidizing and roasting lithium battery powder to obtain calcine;
step 5, pulping:
step 5-1, mixing the calcine and 9-11L of deionized water together, and dissolving lithium ions in the calcine in the deionized water;
step 5-2, dissolving the calcine and 9-11L of deionized water together by using a pulper, then stirring, further dissolving lithium ions in the calcine in the deionized water, improving the dissolving speed, controlling the temperature at 30-60 ℃ and reacting for 2-5 hours;
step 5-3, continuously adding a proper amount of salt substances, settling out impurities such as iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, phosphorus and the like in the deionized water, continuously stirring the proper amount of salt substances by using a pulper, and stopping the pulper after stirring for 30-50 minutes;
step 5-4, taking materials;
step 6, solid-liquid separation:
and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the beating liquid to obtain a lithium-containing solution and transformation slag, then adding 1-8 parts of lithium phosphate into the lithium-containing solution, fusing the lithium phosphate and the lithium-containing solution together by using a mechanical stirring mode, reacting for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, filtering reactants to remove insoluble matters to obtain the lithium solution, and precipitating lithium ions in the lithium solution to obtain the lithium salt.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials is characterized by comprising a machine box (1), a feeding box (3), a motor (4), a belt (5), gears (6) and a crushing roller shaft (7), wherein the feeding box (3) is connected to the upper portion of the machine box (1), the motor (4) is connected to the right lower portion of the machine box (1) through bolts, the crushing roller shafts (7) for crushing the lithium ion battery materials are respectively connected to the left side and the right side of the upper portion of the machine box (1) in a rotating mode, the gears (6) are respectively connected to the front portions of the crushing roller shafts (7), the two gears (6) are meshed with each other, the belt (5) is wound between the front portions of the crushing roller shafts (7) on the right side and the front portions of output shafts of the motors (4) through the driving wheels, and the driving wheels and the belt (5) are driven to rotate through rotation of the output shafts of the motors (4), so that the crushing roller shafts (7) are driven to rotate and crush the batteries; the grinding machine is characterized by further comprising a rotary table (8), connecting rods (9), guide rails (10), fixed grinding blocks (11) and sliding grinding blocks (12), wherein the rotary table (8) is connected to the front side and the rear side of a grinding roller shaft (7) at the right part, the guide rails (10) are connected to the front side and the rear side of the lower part in the machine case (1), the sliding grinding blocks (12) are connected between the guide rails (10) in a sliding mode, the connecting rods (9) are connected to the front side and the rear side of the sliding grinding blocks (12) in a rotating mode, the upper parts of the connecting rods (9) are respectively connected with the eccentric positions of the rotary table (8) in a rotating mode, the fixed grinding blocks (11) are connected to the left lower part in the machine case (1), and the fixed grinding blocks (11) and the sliding grinding blocks (12) are matched with each other; the device also comprises a collecting box (13) and a filter plate (14), wherein the collecting box (13) is connected to the left lower part in the case (1) in a sliding manner, and the filter plate (14) is arranged at the top of the collecting box (13); the battery scrap collecting device is characterized by further comprising guide plates (15), wherein the supports (2) are symmetrically connected on the left side and the right side of the upper portion of the feeding box (3), and the guide plates (15) used for guiding the battery scrap are connected between the lower portions of the supports (2) on the left side and between the lower sides of the supports (2) on the right side.
2. A method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials based on the equipment for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the extraction method comprises the following steps:
step 1, disassembling:
step 1-1, firstly, rotating and taking down a nut on a lithium ion battery, then opening a top cover of the lithium ion battery, inverting the lithium ion battery, and pouring out and collecting electrolyte in the lithium ion battery;
step 1-2, pouring the lithium ion battery into a disassembling machine, and taking down the lithium ion battery shell by the disassembling machine;
step 1-3, separating the battery from the shell;
step 2, crushing:
crushing the disassembled battery under nitrogen atmosphere, and drying after crushing;
step 3, uniformly mixing and grinding:
pouring the crushed batteries into a grinder, and grinding the crushed batteries in the grinder while turning over to obtain lithium battery powder;
step 4, roasting:
oxidizing and roasting lithium battery powder to obtain calcine;
step 5, pulping:
adding 9-11L of deionized water into the calcine to carry out pulping treatment to obtain pulping liquid, and adding a proper amount of salt substances to extract lithium;
step 6, solid-liquid separation:
and (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the beating liquid to obtain a lithium-containing solution and transformation slag, adding 1-8 parts of lithium phosphate into the lithium-containing solution, fusing the lithium phosphate and the lithium-containing solution together by using a mechanical stirring mode, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and filtering reactants to remove insoluble matters to obtain the lithium solution.
3. The method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials according to claim 2, wherein the crushing in the step 2 is specifically performed as follows:
step 2-1, introducing nitrogen:
firstly, introducing nitrogen into an atmosphere furnace, wherein the flow rate of the nitrogen is 30-60 liters/hour, and the introducing time is 3-8 hours, so that the combustion of a lithium battery is avoided;
step 2-2, crushing:
starting a crusher to press the lithium battery downwards, enabling a cutting knife below the lithium battery to move upwards after the lithium battery is flattened, cutting the lower part of the lithium battery, alternately moving the crusher and the cutting knife upwards and downwards, and repeatedly flattening and cutting the lithium battery;
step 2-3, spraying:
the spraying part is introduced into the lower part of the atmosphere furnace, and after the cutting knife moves downwards, the spraying part starts to spray water mist;
step 2-4, drying:
after the crushing is finished, the crushed battery is transported to a drying part, the drying temperature is adjusted to be 50-120 ℃, the drying time is 1-2 hours, and the battery is taken out after the drying is finished.
4. A method for preferential extraction of lithium from waste lithium ion battery material according to claim 3, further comprising the step of re-crushing, in particular:
step 2-5, feeding:
pouring the battery scraps dried in the step 2-4 into a feeding box (3);
step 2-6, crushing again:
starting a motor (4), wherein an output shaft of the motor (4) rotates to drive a right crushing roller shaft (7) to rotate through a driving wheel and a belt (5), and then driving a left crushing roller shaft (7) to rotate through two gears (6), and the two crushing roller shafts (7) rotate together to crush battery scraps again;
step 2-7, spraying degradation liquid:
in the process of crushing battery scraps by the crushing roller shaft (7), the degradation liquid is intermittently sprayed from the upper part of the feeding box (3), so that the toxicity of the battery scraps can be degraded while crushing.
5. A method of preferential extraction of lithium from spent lithium ion battery material according to claim 4 wherein during pouring of battery scrap, the battery scrap is dropped onto the guide plate (15) and then along with the guide plate (15) onto the size reduction roller (7), the guide plate (15) guides the battery scrap to avoid the battery scrap from falling directly downward without being crushed again.
6. The method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step 3, the grinding operation specifically comprises the following steps:
step 3-1, grinding the battery scraps after the battery scraps are crushed for the second time, wherein the battery scraps can fall down onto the sliding grinding block (12);
and 3-2, driving the sliding grinding block (12) to slide through the connecting rod (9) when the right grinding roll shaft (7) rotates, wherein the sliding grinding block (12) is matched with the fixed grinding block (11) to grind battery scraps at the temperature of 100-500 ℃, so that the battery scraps are automatically ground while the battery is crushed, and finally obtaining the battery powder after-cooling treatment.
7. A method of preferentially extracting lithium from spent lithium ion battery material as claimed in claim 5, wherein after grinding the battery scrap, the battery powder falls to a filter plate (14) for filtration, after which the battery powder falls to a collection bin (13) for collection, and battery scrap that has not been thoroughly ground remains on the filter plate (14) for filtration, and the bulk of the battery scrap is subjected to a regrinding operation.
8. The method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials according to claim 2, wherein the pulping treatment in the step 5 comprises the following specific operations:
step 5-1, mixing calcine and 9-11L of deionized water;
step 5-2, dissolving calcine and 9-11L of deionized water together by using a pulper, stirring, controlling the temperature at 30-60 ℃ and reacting for 2-5 hours;
step 5-3, continuously adding a proper amount of salt substances, then continuously stirring the proper amount of salt substances by using a pulper, and stopping the pulper after stirring for 30-50 minutes;
and 5-4, taking materials.
9. The method for preferentially extracting lithium from waste lithium ion battery materials as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step 6, lithium ions in the lithium solution are precipitated to obtain lithium salt.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118001778A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 云南昊辰科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for extracting active ingredients of natural plants |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118001778A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-10 | 云南昊辰科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for extracting active ingredients of natural plants |
| CN118001778B (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-06-04 | 云南昊辰科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for extracting active ingredients of natural plants |
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