KR20040005770A - Apparatus for recycling waste battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: Provided is an apparatus for recycling a waste battery, which produces lead powder and PP(polypropylene) efficiently from the waste battery and contains a hammer grinder as a grinder for grinding a lead plate. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises a plastic grinder for grinding plastics of the battery, a water treating device for classifying the plastics and the lead powder, a drying device for drying the lead plate of the battery, and the grinder for grinding the lead plate being the hammer grinder(1). The hammer grinder(1) comprises: a rotary shaft(4) of which the both ends are mounted on the both sides of a case(1-1) by bearings(11) to support rotation; symmetrical two fixing shafts(5) mounted parallel with the rotary shaft(4), wherein the both ends of the fixing shaft(5) are connected to the rotary shaft(4) by a fixing plate(6); a hammer(2) mounted to the fixing shaft(5), wherein a couple of the hammers(2) is mounted between separation membranes and the number of the couple is five to six; a screen(3) mounted on the lower part of the hammers(2) to filter powder.

Description

Waste Battery Recycling Unit {omitted}

The present invention seeks to meet the increasing demands from smoke smelters in countries such as China, which face many years of raw material procurement.

Lead ore, ore, has been in short supply for many years, and low-efficiency, small-scale smelters have inevitably cut down or stopped operations due to rising raw material prices and difficulty in securing raw materials.

In particular, this phenomenon is expected to continue for a long time.

In addition, waste batteries (battery scraps), the main raw material for smelting in addition to lead ore, are also difficult to connect smoothly between suppliers and consumers due to the limited environmental movement between countries. This is also a major cause of the crunch of the raw material market.

Waste batteries are classified as hazardous wastes, not scraps, under the BASEL Convention, and are subject to many restrictions and restrictions on transboundary movements. There is a trend.

Currently, the main exporting countries are Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, and the importing countries are Western Europe, Korea, and Southeast Asia. Although the transaction price of used batteries is influenced to some extent by the lead international market price, it has its own market due to the characteristics of items restricted by the movement of transactions.

In the past, waste batteries were completely dissolved and recycled in large smelters.

In general, automotive batteries are mounted on vehicles regardless of gasoline or diesel, and are used as power sources for starting, ignition, lighting, and other electrical equipment of engines. The most commonly used automotive batteries are lead-acid batteries because the working substance is lead. In 1859, French Gaston Plante put various metals into the acid and put lead in dilute sulfuric acid during the experiment. It was found that charging and discharging occurred by inserting a rubber band between two lead plates and putting a circumferential shape into dilute sulfuric acid through electric current, which became the typical lead-acid battery.

As described above, a battery is composed of electrodes and electrolytes, each of which is made of a metal and an anode, each of which is made of different metals, and when the anode is connected to a conductor, chemical energy of the working material and the electrolyte of each electrode can be made into electrical energy. Conversely, the provision of electrical energy can also return back to the original agent with chemical energy. This reversible action is called a storage battery (secondary battery), irreversible one is called a primary battery. The difference between storage batteries and primary batteries is that they can generate and replenish electrical energy as needed.

Generally, a battery (battery / battery) used in a vehicle is a power source for operating each electric device of a vehicle, and there are two systems, a storage battery and a charging device. When the engine is running, the generator, which is the charging device, supplies power to each electronic device, but when the engine is stopped or started, power cannot be obtained from the charging device. And the battery compensates for the lack of generator output or voltage fluctuations even when the engine is running, making the power supply stable.

The above-mentioned battery is a secondary battery capable of repeating charging and discharging. Most automobiles use lead-acid storage batteries, and have a long life and good overcharge / discharge, but are expensive due to limited supply of raw materials. There are alkaline batteries which are mainly used for starting turbines, broadcasting radio waves and alarm devices.

In the battery (lead acid storage battery), two electrodes are made of a lead compound, and dilute sulfuric acid is used as an electrolyte. The rated voltage per unit cell is 2V, and the discharge end voltage is 1.75V and lowered below that promotes sulfuration of the electrode plate, which can no longer be charged later. In addition, when charging, the cell voltage rises to about 2.75V, and this voltage acts inversely to the charging voltage during charging, so the charger must be adjusted according to the number of cells.

The conventional battery (lead acid battery) power supply device as described above is alternately arranged and disposed between a plurality of negative / anode plates in which an active substance containing lead (Pb) as a main component is pressed into a lattice to electrically connect the negative / anode plate. A battery case formed of a synthetic resin or hard rubber made of an insulator to accommodate a porous insulating separator and a dilute sulfuric acid electrolytic solution for isolating with The cover is formed with a plurality of vent plugs protruding from the inside of the oxygen or hydrogen gas emitted into the atmosphere, and a power supply cable formed at one end thereof with a fastening clip formed to surround the outer surface of the terminal terminal.

Conventionally, in the present invention, the whole melted and used in a waste battery is to provide a device for producing PP (polypropylene, polymer of propylene) and lead that is efficiently broken down and recycled waste battery.

1 is a detailed view of the hammer mill of the present invention.

2 is a detailed view of the dryer of the present invention.

3 is a detailed view of the plastic grinding machine of the present invention.

4 is a process diagram of the plastic crusher and water treatment apparatus of the present invention.

5 is a detailed view of the dust collector of the present invention.

<Description of Signs of Major Parts of Drawings>

1: Hammer Crusher 1-1 Hammer Crusher Case 2: Hammer

3 screen 4 rotation axis 5 fixed shaft

6: fixed plate 7: inlet 8: motor

9: belt 10: pulley 11: bearing

12: dryer 13: hot air inlet 14: outer cylinder

15: inner cylinder 16: serrated teeth 17: micro holes

18 discharge hole 19 transfer blade 20 dust collector

21: Doc 22: residue 23: cooling water pipe

24: water tank 25: circulation pump 26: deaerator

27 discharge fan 28 plastic shredder 29 grinding blade

30 case 31 cylindrical drum 32 waterway

33: gear 34: water treatment device

The present invention relates to a waste battery recycling apparatus comprising: a step of disassembling a vehicle waste battery and extracting a lead plate; Drying and heating the separated lead plate in a dry heater; The dried lead plate is pulverized in a pulverizer, and in addition, the battery plastic lid, plastic case, etc., except for the lead plate in the first stage, is passed through the pulverizer, and the plastic floating on the water is collected for about 20 minutes in a dehydrator. After dehydration, it is introduced into the injection molding machine, melted, and made into PP or PE particles (granule or pallet) for recycling.The terminal terminal connector is separated by hand and reused as a smelting raw material.In the second step, the drying temperature is 100 ° C. Characterized in that it is about 200 ℃, the invention relates to a device for use in the waste battery recycling method, characterized in that the fine particles are selected by sieving the lead particles generated by grinding the lead plate in the third step. The particle size of the powder is processed to about 250 mesh.

That is, in the present invention, a plastic grinding machine for crushing the plastic of the battery is installed, and a water treatment device for separating the plastic and lead powder is installed at the rear of the plastic crusher, and a dryer for drying the lead plate of the battery separately from the plastic crusher and the water treatment device. Is installed, the rear of the dryer is a waste battery recycling device, characterized in that the lead plate crusher is installed.

In addition, the lead plate pulverizer is a hammer crusher is provided with a rotating shaft inside the case of the hammer crusher, both ends of the rotating shaft are installed on both sides of the case so that the rotation is supported by the bearing, two fixed shafts in parallel with the rotating shaft The two shafts are installed symmetrically, and both ends of the fixed shaft are connected to the rotating shaft by a connecting plate, and one hammer is installed on each of the fixed shafts. In the lower part of the hammer, a screen for filtering the powder is installed, and the lead plate that separates the plastics from the waste battery in the case is crushed by the rotating hammer when the lead plate is introduced through the inlet of the grinder.

The dryer is a kind of rotary dryer divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and two outer cylinders are respectively installed on the outside of both ends of the inner cylinder, and toothed teeth are installed on the outer circumference of the longitudinal intermediate position of the inner cylinder and driven by external power. The inner cylinder is rotated by being engaged with the driving gear, and the power can be adjusted by reversible rotation and rotation speed by using an electric step motor, and an inlet is formed at the end of the inner cylinder corresponding to one side of the outer cylinder. In the disassembled waste battery, parts other than plastic are put in, and the outer edge of the inner cylinder is transferred to the other direction as the inner blade is rotated at the same time as the transfer blade is installed on the wall in a spiral shape on the wall. On the other end of the inner cylinder, a plurality of micro holes are drilled The material pushed down by the transfer blade falls down through the plurality of micropores, and the agglomerated material that does not pass through the plurality of micropores falls through the open hole through the end of the inner cylinder and hot air is generated. Hot air generated by the burner is blown into the furnace by the blower, the hot air inlet is a waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that formed next to the inlet.

In particular, the plastic crusher has a large cylindrical drum inside the case and the blade is fixed to the outside of the drum by welding or riveting, bolt nut fastening, etc., a plurality of blades to form a spiral, each of the blades to form an independent spiral The waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that formed along the outer circumferential surface.

The water treatment device is a waste battery recycling apparatus characterized in that the finely crushed plastic in the plastic process to pass through the multi-stage waterway to collect the plastic floating on the water and to collect the lead material sinking under the water separately.

In addition, a dust collector is installed at the upper part of the dryer, and a cooling water pipe is installed at an outer circumference of the inlet duct of the dust collector to cool the waste gas by the circulating coolant.

The present invention is characterized in that the waste battery is first divided into a plastic and a lead plate, and then the lead plate is made of powder by grinding in a grinder through a dryer.

The present invention relates to a lead and plastic powder pulverized and extracted from a waste battery, characterized in that the primary divided plastic is pulverized in a plastic crusher and re-divided into plastic and lead powder through a water treatment apparatus.

When described in detail by the accompanying drawings as follows.

1 is a detailed view of the hammer mill of the present invention. 2 is a detailed view of the dryer of the present invention. 3 is a detailed view of the plastic grinding machine of the present invention. 4 is a process diagram of the plastic crusher and water treatment apparatus of the present invention. 5 is a detailed view of the dust collector of the present invention.

About 75% of used batteries are lead plate (lead plate + paste). About 2% are plastic covers and about 3% are plastic cases. The remaining 10% is the separator (insulator) and debris between the lead and lead plates of the battery.

To disassemble the waste battery, first extract the electrolyte from the waste battery.

After that, the plastic carver and the plastic case are disassembled and injected to make PE or PP particles.

In the method of making the PE or PP particles, the lead plate, the plastic cover, and the plastic case are first separated by hand, and the separated plastic cover and the case are pulverized by a grinder.

The finely crushed plastic is then washed with water. The finely ground plastic waste passes through the water and the plastic floats on the water. The plastic floating on the water is collected. This process removes sulfuric acid and debris from inside the battery.

After the sulfuric acid and the debris removed plastic is dehydrated for 10 to 20 minutes in the dehydrator.

Then, it is put in a conventional injection molding machine, heated, melted, and injected. The result is small PE / PP particles called pellets. It will be packaged and shipped.

In addition, about 10% of the terminals and connectors are used in spent batteries. The connector serves to connect the cells of the battery. Terminals and connectors are composed of pure lead. Terminals and connectors are separated by hand and used as a raw material for smelting.

Plates, which are lead plates, are crushed in a grinder to form particles and used as a raw material for smelting. The lead plate is an alloy lead composed of 95 to 99% of the main component and Sb and Sn.

The separator between the lead and lead plates of the rest of the battery is separated separately.

Looking at the detailed process, unlike the process of manufacturing the above PE / PP particles, the lead plate separated by the first manual work is first put in a dry heater to facilitate grinding in the lead grinding machine. In the drying heater, the paper and the sulfuric acid in the separator plate interposed between the lead plate and the lead plate are burned out. When the lead plate is dried, the soft lead contained in the electrolyte becomes hard lead, which facilitates grinding in a lead grinding machine.

The plate, which is a lead plate, consists of a lead grid and paste applied to the lead grid.

The paste is attached to the lead plate to facilitate the electrolysis of the battery. The paste is lead oxide (PbO) as a main component. The lead plate, which consists of lead grids and pastes attached to lead grids, receives heat in the drying heater and lead powder is extracted from the primary paste through holes provided in the lower part of the drying heater.

The insulation plate is composed of plastic, pvc and paper.

The paper in the insulation board is burned out in the drying heater and the plastic and pvc are dried under heat. Therefore, by removing the plastic and pvc by hand by taking out from the dry heater and then put in the grinder.

In addition, PP recycled from waste batteries is high quality PP, which is widely used in the market and is a high value-added item.

The lead grinding machine used in the present invention is a kind of hammer grinding machine. Of course, you may use a ball grinder etc. as needed. The hammer grinder is provided with a rotating shaft inside the case, but both ends of the rotating shaft are installed at both sides of the case so that rotation is supported by a bearing. Two fixed shafts are installed symmetrically in parallel with the axis of rotation. Both ends of the fixed shaft are connected to the rotating shaft by a connecting plate.

One hammer is installed on each of the fixed shafts, and a pair of hammers are installed at about 5 to 6 pairs with a separator therebetween. The lower part of the hammer is provided with a screen for filtering the powder. The lead plate separating plastics from the waste battery inside the case is crushed by a rotating hammer when the lead plate is introduced through the inlet of the crusher. When a pair of hammers collide with each other by rotational and centrifugal forces, lead is pulverized between them or pulverized between the hammer and the lining of the case. Alternatively, the hammer is blown directly and pulverized into powder.

The power of the hammer crusher can adjust the forward and reverse rotation speed by using a step motor as an electric motor. The rotational force of the motor is transmitted to the pulley mounted on the outside of the grinder through the belt, the rotating shaft connected to the pulley is rotated, the rotating force of the rotating shaft is transmitted to the fixed shaft, and the hammer fixed to the fixed shaft is also rotated at the same time. The case is made up and down for easy maintenance.

Hammers used in hammer mills are used by cutting steel plates of a certain thickness into rectangles with a certain area, or hammers are formed by die casting with cast alloy steel. Molybdenum, vanadium, aluminum, boron, tin, tungsten, titanium, chromium and the like are properly mixed and die cast. Alternatively, steel bars such as carbon steel may be forged and used. When one end of the hammer is worn, it can be welded to the wear site or the position of the hammer can be reversed back and forth to alternating edge areas where wear is concentrated. Or replace the old hammer with a new one.

The screen plate mounted on the hammer grinder has been made of a stainless net board, but may be formed so that the rods constitute one screen plate by attaching a bar-shaped member made of stainless steel with a substantially thick thickness. The rpm of the grinder is about 800 to 1000, and the particle size is about 250 mesh.

In addition, the residual sulfuric acid filtered out of the mill can be sufficiently filtered to provide the product as a sulfuric acid dealer.

Like the above-mentioned hammer mill, the plastic mill used in the present invention can adjust the forward and reverse rotation speed by using a step motor as the electric motor of the hammer mill. The rotational force of the motor is transmitted to the pulley mounted on the outside of the grinder via the belt and causes the shaft connected to the pulley to rotate. The case is made up and down for easy maintenance.

The difference here is that the crusher for crushing plastics has a grinding blade in place of the hammer. And inside the case there is a large cylindrical drum and the blade is fixed to the outside of the drum by welding or riveting, bolt nut fastening, etc., a plurality of blades form a spiral. In the analogy with screws, like two- and three-row screws, each blade is independent and spirals and is formed along the outer circumferential surface of the cylinder.

Water is sprayed into the inside of the mill during the plastic grinding process. The reason of sprinkling water inside the grinder is to prevent plastic deformation due to the frictional heat generated when the grinding blade of the plastic grinder rotates, and the residue of lead buried on the outer surface of the plastic is To prevent seepage into the

Finely crushed plastic is passed through several stages of water in the next water treatment process, plastics floating on the water are collected, and most of the material that sinks under water is also collected.

The dryer used in the present invention is a kind of rotary dryer, which is divided into an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and two outer cylinders are respectively installed outside of both ends of the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder is made of stainless steel and the outer cylinder is made of steel. A toothed tooth part is installed on the outer circumference of the longitudinal intermediate position of the inner cylinder to engage the drive gear driven by external power to rotate the inner cylinder. The power can be adjusted by reversible rotation and rotation speed by using an electric step motor. An opening is formed at the end of the inner cylinder corresponding to one side of the outer cylinder so that parts of the decomposed waste battery, except plastic, are introduced. On the outer circumference of the inner surface of the inner cylinder is a feed blade is installed on the wall in a spiral shape so that the lead plate drawn through the inlet is dried at the same time as the inner cylinder is rotated and transferred in the other direction. In addition, a plurality of fine holes are drilled in the other end of the inner cylinder so that the material pushed by the transfer blade to the end falls down through the plurality of fine holes. And the agglomerated material that has not passed through the plurality of micropores falls through the open hole past the end of the inner cylinder. That is, the dried material is divided into two types and collected. The rotation speed of the dryer is about 200 to 300 rpm.

Hot air is blown into the furnace by the blower hot air generated in the hot air generating burner at a temperature of 100 to 200 ℃. The hot air inlet is formed next to the inlet.

The dust collector is located above the outlet of the dryer to absorb dust mixed with waste gas and lead powder. In its construction, the duct is connected to the top of the outlet of the dryer and the other end of the duct is connected to the inlet of the dust collector. Waste gas passing through the dust collector is discharged through the outlet of the dust collector. A discharge fan is installed at the distal end of the outlet of the dust collector to suck out the waste gas. Since the waste gas is hot, the duct at the inlet portion of the dust collector is wound in a coil shape to the outside to cool the hot waste gas passing through the inside. The cooling water is circulated by the circulation pump. A deaerator is installed inside the duct at the outlet of the dryer. The lead powder remains inside the dust collector and is collected.

That is, the lead powder is produced in the drying process, is produced by sinking under water during the water treatment process of the plastic, is produced in the dust collector and also in the hammer mill. That is, it is more economical and efficient to produce lead powder in all four processes.

As such, the present invention provides a device for efficiently producing lead powder and PP from a waste battery, thereby avoiding the environmental industry that is restricted from the production and distribution of lead, thereby allowing for long-term and stable efficiency of mass production, low price sales, and high value-added creation. Can be.

Claims (6)

A plastic grinder 28 for crushing the plastic of the battery is installed, and a water treatment device 34 for separating the plastic and the lead powder is installed at the rear of the plastic grinder 28. The plastic grinder 28 and the water treatment device 34 are installed. A dryer 12 is provided to dry the lead plate of the battery separately from the waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that a lead plate pulverizer is installed at the rear of the dryer 12. According to claim 1, wherein the lead plate pulverizer is a hammer crusher (1) is provided with a rotating shaft (4) inside the case (1-1) of the hammer crusher 1, both ends of the rotating shaft (4) bearing ( 11) is installed on both sides of the case (1-1) so that the rotation is supported by, the two fixed shafts (5) are installed symmetrically two parallel to the rotating shaft (4), the amount of the fixed shaft (5) The end is connected to the rotating shaft (4) by a fixed plate (6), one hammer (2) is installed on each of the fixed shaft (5), the pair of hammers (2) between the separation membrane 5 to 6 It is installed about a pair, and the screen (3) for filtering the powder is installed in the lower part of the hammer (2), the lead plate separating the plastics from the waste battery in the case (1-1) is the inlet (7) of the grinder (1) Waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that crushed by a rotating hammer (2) when drawn through. 2. The dryer (12) according to claim 1, wherein the dryer (12) is a kind of rotary dryer (12) divided into an inner cylinder (15) and an outer cylinder (14), and two outer cylinders (14) are provided on the outside of both ends of the inner cylinder (15), respectively. To the outer periphery of the longitudinal intermediate position of the inner cylinder 15, the toothed teeth 16 are installed to rotate the inner cylinder 15 by meshing with a drive gear 33 driven by external power. The reversible rotation and the rotation speed can be adjusted using an electric step motor 8, and an inlet 7 is formed at the end of the inner cylinder 15 corresponding to one side of the outer cylinder 14. Part of the waste battery except the plastic is drawn in, the outer periphery of the inner surface of the inner cylinder 15, the transfer blade 19 is installed on the wall in a spiral shape so that the lead plate drawn through the inlet (7) at the same time the inner cylinder ( 15) is rotated and transferred in the other direction, and On the other end of the barrel 15, a plurality of fine holes 17 are drilled so that the material pushed by the transfer blade 19 to the end falls down through the plurality of fine holes 17. The agglomerated material that does not pass through the plurality of micropores 17 is dropped through the discharge hole 18 opened through the end of the inner cylinder 15, the hot air is hot air generated in the hot air generating burner by the blower inside the furnace Blown into the hot air inlet 13 is a waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that formed next to the inlet (7). The plastic crusher 28 has a large cylindrical drum 31 inside the case, and the blade 29 is fixed to the outside of the drum 31 by welding or riveting, bolt nut fastening, etc. Blade 29 forms a spiral, but each blade (29) is an independent spiral to form a waste battery recycling apparatus, characterized in that formed along the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. The method of claim 1, wherein the water treatment device 34 allows the finely crushed plastic to pass through the multi-stage water channel 32 in the plastic process so that the plastic floating on the water is collected and the lead material that sinks under the water is collected separately. Waste battery recycling apparatus characterized in that. According to claim 1, wherein the dust collector 20 is installed on the upper portion of the dryer 12, the cooling water pipe 23 is installed on the outer circumference of the inlet duct 21 of the dust collector 20 by the waste water circulated by the cooling water Waste battery recycling apparatus characterized in that the cooling