CN219203259U - System for high-efficient recovery lithium in follow old and useless ternary lithium cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a system for efficiently recycling lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries, which comprises a disassembly table, wherein the disassembly table is arranged on the disassembly table; discharging the salt pond in a kettle; a primary crusher; a carbonization furnace; a secondary crusher; sorting and screening machine; a reduction furnace; soaking the pulping kettle in water; a primary filter press; a carbonization kettle; an ion exchange column; a pyrolysis kettle; a secondary filter press and a water washing kettle; centrifuges and dryers. The system shortens the operation flow of recovering lithium from the waste ternary lithium battery, avoids the loss of lithium elements through the working sections of acid leaching, extraction, concentration and the like when the lithium is extracted after the elements of nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like, reduces the material handling capacity of the working sections of acid leaching, extraction and the like, reduces the running and equipment cost, improves the recovery efficiency of lithium, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Description

System for high-efficient recovery lithium in follow old and useless ternary lithium cell

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of waste ternary lithium batteries, in particular to a system for efficiently recycling lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries.

Background

After the lithium ion battery is charged and discharged for a plurality of times, the internal structure of the battery can be irreversibly changed, so that a lithium ion diffusion channel is blocked, and finally, the lithium ion battery is deactivated and scrapped, so that the average service life of the lithium ion battery is only 1-3 years. With the rapid development of new energy automobile industry in recent years, the demand and the output of lithium batteries are rapidly increased, and a large number of retired lithium batteries can be generated by blowout after a few years. It is predicted that by 2030 the disposal of global waste lithium ion batteries will exceed 1100 ten thousand tons and the yield will reach 237.2 hundred million dollars.

At present, the recovery of the waste lithium ion battery has no unified industry standard, and the recovery process has the problems of high difficulty, high recovery cost and the like. At present, the recycling method of lithium in waste lithium batteries at home and abroad mainly comprises the steps of discharging, disassembling and crushing the waste ternary batteries to obtain powder, then leaching the powder with acid to obtain metal ion solution, recycling valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese and the like through different extractants, recycling the metal lithium in the form of crude lithium carbonate at the tail end of the process, and because the wet recycling process is long, the lithium is lost in the processes of acid leaching, extraction, concentration and evaporation and the like, so that the recovery rate of the lithium is only about 80%, the yield is lower and the like; the price of the battery grade lithium carbonate is increased from 8 ten thousand/ton at the beginning of 2020 to 50 ten thousand/ton at 9 months of 2022, so that the improvement of the recovery rate of lithium in the waste ternary lithium battery plays a vital role in improving the benefit of battery recovery enterprises.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system for efficiently recycling lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries.

The utility model provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a system for efficiently recycling lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries, which comprises a disassembly table; discharging the salt pond in a kettle; a primary crusher; a carbonization furnace; a secondary crusher; sorting and screening machine; a reduction furnace; soaking the pulping kettle in water; a primary filter press; a carbonization kettle; an ion exchange column; a pyrolysis kettle; a secondary filter press and a water washing kettle; centrifuge and dryer;

the model number of the disassembly table is YBCJ-001, and the disassembly table comprises a disassembly tool area and an artificial disassembly area, wherein the disassembly tool area and the artificial disassembly area are both provided with matched electric disassembly tools for recycling waste ternary lithium batteries;

the model of the salt pond discharging kettle is JZ-DIY500, and is made of corrosion-resistant PPH materials, and the salt pond discharging kettle comprises a shell, a salt solution, a battery lifting kettle, a battery lifting machine and a lifting beam;

the model of the primary crusher is XD-ED400, and the primary crusher is a cutter-hammer combined crusher and consists of a roller liner, a roller, a mandrel, an alligator plate, a lining plate, a pull rod and a spring;

the carbonization furnace is QSH-VF-1200T in type and comprises a furnace body, a combustion chamber, a temperature measuring hole, a gas collecting hood, a gas distribution hole, a carbonization chamber and a cooling chamber, wherein the head part of the furnace body is provided with a feed inlet, a dust removal hole and a smoke outlet, the tail part of the furnace body is provided with a discharge hole and a smoke outlet, and the lining material of the furnace body is made of stainless steel materials;

the model of the secondary crusher is XM-800, and the secondary crusher is a kneading crusher and comprises a secondary crusher feed inlet, cutter teeth, a center shaft, a secondary crusher discharge outlet, a triangular belt, a secondary crushing speed reducer and a secondary crushing motor;

the model of the sorting screening machine is WF-1000, and the sorting screening machine consists of a lifting machine, a copper-aluminum discharge port, a sealing cover, a cylinder, an undersize discharge port, a baffle plate, a screening discharge port and a sorting screening machine bracket;

the reducing furnace is GD-VG1400, and consists of a furnace door, a temperature measuring hole, a furnace shell, a refractory layer, a heat preservation layer, a silicon carbide rod and a voltage regulating transformer;

the model FYF-5000 of the water-immersed pulping kettle consists of a water-immersed pulping kettle motor, a water-immersed pulping kettle speed reducer, a fixed frame, a water-immersed pulping kettle mechanical seal, a water-immersed pulping kettle upper end socket, a water-immersed pulping kettle support, an inner coil, a water-immersed pulping kettle cylinder, a water-immersed pulping kettle jacket, a water-immersed pulping kettle lower end socket, a water-immersed pulping kettle stirring paddle, a water-immersed pulping kettle lower shaft and a water-immersed pulping kettle heating pipe;

the model of the primary filter press is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box filter press with good tightness is adopted, and the box filter press consists of a thrust plate assembly, a primary filter press filter plate, a primary filter press girder, a primary filter press middle support piece, a primary filter press compacting plate, a primary filter press oil cylinder seat assembly and a primary filter press electric control hydraulic system;

the model of the carbonization kettle is NM-LD-10, and the carbonization kettle consists of a mechanical seal of the carbonization kettle, a gas suction inlet, a water inlet of the carbonization kettle, a water outlet of the carbonization kettle, a shaft, a heat transfer plate, a middle stirrer, a gas source and a bottom stirrer;

the type of the ion exchange column is LZ-5, and the ion exchange column consists of a water inlet valve, a water inlet, an exhaust valve, an upper sewage outlet, an upper water distribution plate, a resin filling inlet and a resin discharging outlet;

the model number of the pyrolysis kettle is FYF-5000, and the pyrolysis kettle is a reaction kettle with heating and stirring functions and comprises a pyrolysis kettle motor, a pyrolysis kettle speed reducer, a pyrolysis kettle rack, a pyrolysis kettle mechanical seal, a pyrolysis kettle upper end socket, a pyrolysis kettle support, a pyrolysis kettle inner coil, a pyrolysis kettle barrel, a pyrolysis kettle jacket, a pyrolysis kettle lower end socket, a pyrolysis kettle stirring shaft, a pyrolysis kettle lower shaft and a pyrolysis kettle heating pipe;

the model of the secondary filter press is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box type filter press with good sealing performance is adopted, and the box type filter press consists of a thrust plate assembly of the secondary filter press, a filter plate of the secondary filter press, a main beam of the secondary filter press, a middle supporting piece of the secondary filter press, a compacting plate assembly of the secondary filter press, an oil cylinder seat assembly of the secondary filter press and an electric control hydraulic system of the secondary filter press;

the model of the washing kettle is NM-LD-15, and the washing kettle consists of a washing kettle motor, an outer magnetic steel assembly, an isolation cover, an inner magnetic steel assembly, a mounting flange, a washing kettle transmission shaft, a coupling, a washing kettle stirring paddle and a washing kettle body;

the centrifugal machine is of a type of PBG-100, adopts a flat plate type scraping centrifugal machine, and consists of a scraper oil cylinder, a centrifugal machine cover, a centrifugal machine shell, a centrifugal machine drum, a centrifugal machine bearing seat, a centrifugal machine motor, a centrifugal machine seat and a centrifugal machine shock absorber;

the dryer is ZPG-1200 in type and consists of a dryer safety valve, a dryer feed valve, a dryer pressure gauge, a heat source feed valve, a cooling liquid discharge valve, a dryer discharge valve, a condensed water discharge port, a control box, dryer blades, a dryer main body and an exhaust hole.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

1. removing the plastic diaphragm and the electrolyte by low-temperature carbonization of the waste ternary lithium battery, and performing multistage crushing to obtain black powder with the thickness of about 1mm, thereby improving the recovery rate of nickel, cobalt, manganese and lithium valuable metals in the waste ternary lithium battery;

2. compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the lithium is firstly extracted by adding the reducing agent, calcining at high temperature and leaching in water before the acid leaching and extraction processes, so that the process of recovering the lithium is shortened, the lithium loss caused by extracting the lithium at the tail end of the long process is reduced, and the recovery rate of the lithium in the waste ternary lithium battery is improved;

3. the prepared crude lithium carbonate is purified to obtain battery grade lithium carbonate through the steps of carbonization, pyrolysis, ion exchange, water washing and the like, so that the added value of the product is improved;

4. by selectively extracting lithium from the waste batteries preferentially, the process is shortened, the loss of lithium in the acid leaching, extraction, concentration and other working sections is reduced, the recovery rate and purity of lithium in the waste ternary lithium batteries are improved, the processing capacity of the acid leaching, extraction and other working sections is reduced, and the operation and equipment costs are reduced, so that the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the utility model and together with the embodiments of the utility model, serve to explain the utility model. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a disassembled station;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a salt pond discharge vessel;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the primary crusher;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a carbonization furnace;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the secondary crusher;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sorting screen;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a structure of a reduction furnace;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a water-immersed pulping vessel;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a primary filter press;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a carbonization tank;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an ion exchange column;

FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a pyrolysis tank;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a construction of a secondary filter press;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a water tank;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the structure of the centrifuge;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of a dryer;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the operational flow of the present utility model;

in the figure: 1. a disassembling table; 101. disassembling the tool area; 102. a manual dismantling zone;

2. discharging the salt pond in a kettle; 201. a housing; 202. a salt solution; 203. lifting the kettle by the battery; 204. a battery elevator; 205. lifting the beam;

3. a primary crusher; 301. a roller lining; 302. a roller; 303. a mandrel; 304. crocodile plate; 305. a lining plate; 306. a pull rod; 307. a spring;

4. a carbonization furnace; 401. a furnace body; 402. a combustion chamber; 403. a temperature measuring hole; 404. a gas collecting hood; 405. air holes are distributed; 406. a carbonization chamber; 407. a cooling chamber;

5. a secondary crusher; 501. a feed inlet of the secondary crusher; 502. cutter teeth; 503. a center shaft; 504. a secondary crusher discharge port; 505. a V-belt; 506. a secondary crushing speed reducer; 507. a secondary crushing motor;

6. sorting and screening machine; 601. a hoist; 602. copper aluminum discharge port; 603. a sealing cover; 604. a cylinder; 605. a screen lower discharge port; 606. a striker plate; 607. screening a discharge hole; 608. a sorting sieving machine bracket;

7. a reduction furnace; 701. a furnace door; 702. a temperature measuring hole; 703. a furnace shell; 704. a refractory layer; 705. a heat preservation layer; 706. a silicon carbide rod; 707. a step-down transformer;

8. soaking the pulping kettle in water; 801. a motor of the water immersion pulping kettle; 802. a speed reducer of the water immersion pulping kettle; 803. a fixed frame; 804. mechanical sealing of the water immersion pulping kettle; 805. soaking an upper end socket of the pulping kettle in water; 806. a water immersion pulping kettle support; 807. an inner coil; 808. a water immersion pulping kettle cylinder; 809. a jacket of the water immersion pulping kettle; 811. stirring paddles of the water immersion pulping kettle; 812. a low shaft of the water immersion pulping kettle; 813. a heating pipe of the water immersion pulping kettle;

9. a primary filter press; 901. a thrust plate assembly; 902. a primary filter press filter plate; 903. primary filter press main beam; 904. a primary filter press intermediate support; 905. a pressing plate of the primary filter press; 906. an oil cylinder seat assembly of the primary filter press; 907. an electric control hydraulic system of the primary filter press;

10. a carbonization kettle; 1001. mechanical sealing of the carbonization kettle; 1002. a gas suction inlet; 1003. a water inlet of the carbonization kettle; 1004. a water outlet of the carbonization kettle; 1005. a shaft; 1006. a heat transfer plate; 1007. a middle stirrer; 1008. a gas source; 1009. a bottom stirrer;

11. an ion exchange column; 1101. a water inlet valve; 1102. a water inlet; 1103. an exhaust valve; 1104. an upper drain outlet; 1105. a water distribution plate is arranged; 1106. a resin inlet; 1107. a resin discharge port;

12. a pyrolysis kettle; 1201. a pyrolysis kettle motor; 1202. a pyrolysis kettle speed reducer; 1203. a pyrolysis kettle rack; 1204. mechanical sealing of the pyrolysis kettle; 1205. an upper end socket of the pyrolysis kettle; 1206. a pyrolysis kettle support; 1207. a coil pipe in the pyrolysis kettle; 1208. a pyrolysis kettle cylinder; 1209. a pyrolysis kettle jacket; 1210. a pyrolysis kettle lower end socket; 1211. a stirring shaft of the pyrolysis kettle; 1212. a low shaft of the pyrolysis kettle; 1213. heating pipes of the pyrolysis kettle;

13. a secondary filter press; 1301. a secondary filter press thrust plate assembly; 1302. a secondary filter press filter plate; 1303. a main beam of the secondary filter press; 1304. a secondary filter press intermediate support; 1305. a secondary filter press compacting plate assembly; 1306. the secondary filter press oil cylinder seat assembly; 1307. an electric control hydraulic system of the secondary filter press;

14. washing the kettle; 1401. a water washing kettle motor; 1402. an outer magnetic steel assembly; 1403. an isolation cover; 1404. an inner magnetic steel assembly; 1405. a mounting flange; 1406. washing a kettle transmission shaft; 1407. a coupling; 1408. washing the stirring paddle of the kettle; 1409. washing the kettle body;

15. a centrifuge; 1501. a scraper cylinder; 1502. a centrifuge lid; 1503. a centrifuge housing; 1504. a centrifuge bowl; 1505. a centrifuge bearing seat; 1506. a centrifuge motor; 1507. a centrifuge stand; 1508. a centrifuge shock absorber;

16. a dryer; 1601. a dryer safety valve; 1602. a dryer feed valve; 1603. a dryer pressure gauge; 1604. a heat source feed valve; 1605. a coolant discharge valve; 1606. a dryer discharge valve; 1607. a condensed water discharge port; 1608. a control box; 1609. dryer blades; 1610. a dryer main body; 1611. and an exhaust hole.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present utility model only, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

Further, if detailed description of the known art is not necessary to illustrate the features of the present utility model, it will be omitted. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-17, the utility model provides a system for efficiently recovering lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries, which comprises a disassembling table 1; a salt pond discharge kettle 2; a primary crusher 3; a carbonization furnace 4; a secondary crusher 5; a sorting sieving machine 6; a reduction furnace 7; a water immersion pulping kettle 8; a primary filter press 9; a carbonization kettle 10; an ion exchange column 11; a pyrolysis kettle 12; a secondary filter press 13 and a water-washing kettle 14; a centrifuge 15 and a dryer 16;

the model number of the disassembly table 1 is YBCJ-001, which comprises a disassembly tool area 101 and an artificial disassembly area 102, wherein the disassembly tool area 101 and the artificial disassembly area 102 are respectively provided with a matched electric disassembly tool for recycling waste ternary lithium batteries; manually disassembling the waste ternary lithium batteries in a disassembling area by using an electric disassembling tool, and removing a sealing end cover, a shell, a guide row and a battery pack base of the waste ternary lithium batteries to obtain battery cores;

the model of the salt pond discharging kettle 2 is JZ-DIY500, and is made of corrosion-resistant PPH materials, and the salt pond discharging kettle 2 comprises a shell 201, a salt solution 202, a battery lifting kettle 203, a battery lifting machine 204 and a lifting beam 205; the battery core is placed into a salt pond to be soaked for 48-96 hours, the electric quantity of the battery core is ensured to be reduced to below 1.5V, the battery after discharging is taken out of a salt pond discharging kettle 2, and the battery core is suspended above the salt pond discharging kettle 2 to be dried for 24-48 hours, so that the water content on the surface of the battery core is ensured to be reduced to 5%;

the model of the primary crusher 3 is XD-ED400, which is a cutter-hammer combined crusher, and consists of a roller liner 301, a roller 302, a mandrel 303, an alligator plate 304, a lining plate 305, a pull rod 306 and a spring 307; the material is crushed (including shearing, collision, friction, etc.) by the relative motion of the blades rotating at high speed and the fixed gear ring. The crushed materials are subjected to self gravity or external force, enter the crusher from a feed inlet, are subjected to the action of a centrifugal disk rotating at a high speed, are distributed along the radial direction and acquire centrifugal power, leave the disk and fly to the ring gear plate at a high speed, so that the materials are continuously collided and rubbed with each other, the materials are continuously crushed until reaching a certain fineness, and finally are screened out of the crusher through a screen plate, and the size of the crushed materials is generally 10-20 mm;

the model number of the carbonization furnace 4 is QSH-VF-1200T, the carbonization furnace comprises a furnace body 401, a combustion chamber 402, a temperature measuring hole 403, a gas collecting hood 404, a gas distribution hole 405, a carbonization chamber 406 and a cooling chamber 407, wherein the head part of the furnace body 401 is provided with a feed inlet, a dust removing port and a smoke outlet, the tail part of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port and a smoke outlet, and the lining material of the furnace body 401 is made of 304 stainless steel materials; a feed inlet which is sent to the carbonization furnace through a sealed screw conveyor; the motor is driven by a gear motor, and can rotate positively and negatively and control the increase and decrease of the rotating speed. The lining material of the whole converter body is mainly 304, and the traditional lining refractory bricks are abandoned; heating at 300-450 ℃ for 30-180 min to remove organic impurities in crushed aggregates of waste ternary lithium batteries, and carbonizing the binder, the diaphragm and the electrolyte at low temperature to realize pollution-free treatment;

the model of the secondary crusher 5 is XM-800, which is a kneading crusher, and the secondary crusher 5 comprises a secondary crusher feed inlet 501, cutter teeth 502, a middle shaft 503, a secondary crusher discharge outlet 504, a triangular belt 505, a secondary crushing speed reducer 506 and a secondary crushing motor 507; the crushed aggregates are rubbed and rubbed to about 1mm, so that the materials are crushed into smaller particles, and meanwhile, black powder on copper and aluminum is rubbed down, and the recovery rate of the black powder is improved;

the sorting sieving machine 6 is provided with a model WF-1000, and consists of a lifter 601, a copper-aluminum discharge port 602, a sealing cover 603, a cylinder 604, an undersize discharge port 605, a baffle 606, a sorting sieving port 607 and a sorting sieving machine bracket 608; the method adopts a mode of combining vibration sorting and wind power sorting, the sizes of copper and aluminum after secondary crushing are basically uniform, copper and aluminum on a screen surface are controlled to be in a state of full screen surface and wavy boiling by controlling the swing degree, flatness and gradient of the screen surface and the magnitude of wind power, and the copper and aluminum can be effectively separated to obtain nickel-cobalt-manganese-lithium organic metal black powder mixed with carbon powder;

the model of the reduction furnace 7 is GD-VG1400, and consists of a furnace door 701, a temperature measuring hole 702, a furnace shell 703, a refractory layer 704, an insulating layer 705, a silicon carbide rod 706 and a voltage regulating transformer 707; uniformly mixing waste ternary lithium battery black powder and coke according to a ratio of 10:1-5:1; the black powder mixed with the reducing agent is sent into a furnace for calcination, the calcination temperature is 650-800 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60-120 min, high-temperature reduction is carried out, and then the mixture is cooled to be lower than 40 ℃;

the model FYF-5000 of the water-immersed pulping kettle consists of a water-immersed pulping kettle motor 801, a water-immersed pulping kettle speed reducer 802, a fixed frame 803, a water-immersed pulping kettle mechanical seal 804, a water-immersed pulping kettle upper end socket 805, a water-immersed pulping kettle support 806, an inner coil 807, a water-immersed pulping kettle cylinder 808, a water-immersed pulping kettle jacket 809, a water-immersed pulping kettle lower end socket 810, a water-immersed pulping kettle stirring paddle 811, a water-immersed pulping kettle lower shaft 812 and a water-immersed pulping kettle heating pipe 813; adding the high-temperature calcined black powder and water into a water leaching pulping kettle 8 according to the proportion of 1:5-1:8, heating to 40-60 ℃, stirring for 60-120 min, dissolving soluble materials in the black powder, and sending the slurry into a primary filter press 9 through a discharge pump;

the model of a primary filter press 9 is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box filter press with good tightness is adopted, and the box filter press consists of a thrust plate assembly 901, a primary filter press filter plate 902, a primary filter press girder 903, a primary filter press middle support 904, a primary filter press compacting plate assembly 905, a primary filter press oil cylinder seat assembly 906 and a primary filter press electric control hydraulic system 907; filtering the prepared slurry filtrate by a box filter press to obtain a lithium-containing solution and nickel-cobalt-manganese filter residues containing carbon powder;

the model of the carbonization kettle 10 is NM-LD-10, which consists of a mechanical seal 1001 of the carbonization kettle, a gas suction inlet 1002, a water inlet 1003 of the carbonization kettle, a water outlet 1004 of the carbonization kettle, a shaft 1005, a heat transfer plate 1006, a middle stirrer 1007, a gas source 1008 and a bottom stirrer 1009; the lithium-containing solution is sent into a carbonization kettle through a pipeline and a pump, and reacts with carbon dioxide in the carbonization kettle to prepare lithium bicarbonate solution, the reaction lasts for 90min to 180min, and the material is sent into an ion exchange column 11 after the reaction is completed;

the model of the ion exchange column 11 is LZ-5, and consists of a water inlet valve 1101, a water inlet 1102, an exhaust valve 1103, an upper sewage outlet 1104, an upper water distribution plate 1105, a resin loading port 1106 and a resin exhaust port 1107; the ion exchange column 11 is filled with calcium and magnesium ion adsorption resin, when the feed liquid passes through the ion exchange column 11, calcium and magnesium ions in the feed liquid are adsorbed by the resin in the ion exchange column 11, so that calcium and magnesium plasma in the removed material is realized, and the flow rate of the material passing through the ion exchange column is 1L/min-5L/min;

the model number of the pyrolysis kettle 12 is FYF-5000, and the pyrolysis kettle is a reaction kettle with heating and stirring functions, and consists of a pyrolysis kettle motor 1201, a pyrolysis kettle speed reducer 1202, a pyrolysis kettle rack 1203, a pyrolysis kettle mechanical seal 1204, a pyrolysis kettle upper seal 1205, a pyrolysis kettle support 1206, a pyrolysis kettle inner coil 1207, a pyrolysis kettle cylinder 1208, a pyrolysis kettle jacket 1209, a pyrolysis kettle lower seal 1210, a pyrolysis kettle stirring shaft 1211, a pyrolysis kettle lower shaft 1212 and a pyrolysis kettle heating pipe 1213; by utilizing the characteristics that lithium bicarbonate is heated and decomposed into lithium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide, and the solubility of the lithium carbonate is reduced along with the temperature rise, when the liquid in the pyrolysis kettle 12 is heated to 90-18 ℃, the lithium carbonate is separated out, and the solution becomes turbid;

the model of the secondary filter press 13 is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box type filter press with good sealing performance is adopted, and the box type filter press consists of a secondary filter press thrust plate assembly 1301, a secondary filter press filter plate 1302, a secondary filter press main beam 1303, a secondary filter press middle supporting piece 1304, a secondary filter press compacting plate assembly 1305, a secondary filter press oil cylinder seat assembly 1306 and a secondary filter press electric control hydraulic system 1307; filtering the turbid solution at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ to obtain lithium carbonate solid and solution, and concentrating and recycling the solution;

the model of the washing kettle 14 is NM-LD-15, which consists of a washing kettle motor 1401, an outer magnetic steel assembly 1402, an isolating cover 1403, an inner magnetic steel assembly 1404, a mounting flange 1405, a washing kettle transmission shaft 1406, a coupling 1407, a washing kettle stirring paddle 1408 and a washing kettle body 1409; cooling the lithium carbonate solid to 30 ℃, and washing the lithium carbonate solid with water in a water washing kettle 14 to remove soluble ions such as sodium potassium and the like attached to the surface of the lithium carbonate;

the model of the centrifugal machine 15 is PBG-100, and a flat plate scraping centrifugal machine is adopted, and consists of a scraper cylinder 1501, a centrifugal machine cover 1502, a centrifugal machine shell 1503, a centrifugal machine drum 1504, a centrifugal machine bearing seat 1505, a centrifugal machine motor 1506, a centrifugal machine base 1507 and a centrifugal machine shock absorber 1508; the water content of the material after water washing is reduced to 30-40%, the centrifuged dry material is sent into a baking oven, and the liquid is reused;

model number ZPG-1200 of drier 16 comprises drier safety valve 1601, drier feed valve 1602, drier pressure gauge 1603, heat source feed valve 1604, coolant discharge valve 1605, drier discharge valve 1606, condensate discharge port 1607, control box 1608, drier blade 1609, drier main body 1610 and exhaust hole 1611; the dryer 16 is a paddle dryer with hollow shafts on which wedge-shaped hollow paddles are densely arranged, and through which a heat medium flows. The heat transfer area in the unit effective volume is large, and the heat is taken away by indirect conduction heating without carrying air, so that the heat is used for heating materials. The heat transfer surface of the wedge-shaped paddle has a self-cleaning function. The relative movement of the material particles and the wedge-shaped surface generates a scrubbing effect, and the attached materials on the wedge-shaped surface can be scrubbed off, so that the clean heat transfer surface is kept in operation all the time, and the ternary precursor product is dried until the water content is less than 1%.

The salt solution 202 is sodium chloride solution with 5% -10% of salt water.

Further, the working principle of the device is as follows:

example 1,

(1) Weighing 10kg of waste ternary lithium batteries, putting the waste ternary lithium batteries on an YBCJ-001 disassembly table 1 for manual disassembly, and removing a sealing cover, a shell, a guide bar and a battery pack base of the waste ternary lithium batteries to obtain battery cores;

(2) Putting the battery core into a JZ-DIY500 salt pond discharge kettle 2, soaking the battery core in hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 10% in the kettle for 60 hours, taking out the battery core, airing the battery core, detecting the electric quantity of the battery, and enabling the electric quantity of the battery to be 0.12V;

(3) Putting the battery core into an XD-ED400 primary crusher 3 for crushing, wherein the crushed battery fragments are about 14mm;

(4) Delivering the crushed battery core into a QSH-VF-1200T carbonization furnace 4 for pyrolysis, preserving heat for 90min at the pyrolysis temperature of 400 ℃, and then cooling to 50 ℃ and taking out;

(5) Putting the cooled material into an XM-800 secondary crusher 5 for kneading and crushing, wherein the crushed material is approximately 1mm;

(6) Removing copper and aluminum from the materials subjected to secondary crushing through a WF-1000 sorting screening machine 6 to obtain 3.2kg of black powder which is a positive electrode material of mixed carbon powder, wherein the lithium content is 0.3kg;

(7) Weighing 0.32kg of coke, and uniformly mixing the black powder and the coke according to the proportion of 10:1;

(8) The black powder of the mixed coke is sent into a GD-VG1400 reduction furnace 7 to be calcined at high temperature, the temperature is kept at 650 ℃ for 60min, and the black powder is taken out after being cooled to room temperature;

(9) Adding 3.52kg of black powder into FYF-5000 water leaching pulping kettle 8, mixing with 17.6kg of pure water (black powder and water are 1:6), and stirring for 90min;

(10) Filtering by an XMA 1500-UBK primary filter press 9 to obtain 18.1kg of filtrate and 3.02kg of filter residue;

(11) Introducing the filtrate into a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide YUTC-05 carbonization kettle 10, and reacting for 120min;

(12) Passing the filtrate through an LZ-5 ion exchange column 11 at a flow rate of 1L/min by a NM01 delivery pump to remove calcium and magnesium ions;

(13) Heating the filtrate after reaction to 95 ℃, and stirring for 60min;

(14) Rapidly filtering the hot filtrate through an XMA 1500-UBK filter press to obtain filtrate and filter residues;

(15) Washing the residue in NM-LD-15 water tank 14 with 5kg hot water;

(16) Putting the filter residues into a PBG-100 centrifuge 15 for dehydration;

(17) And (3) drying the dehydrated solid in a ZPG-1200 blade dryer, wherein the water content of the dried solid is less than 0.5%. Finally, 1.53kg of battery grade lithium carbonate was obtained, which was converted to about 0.29kg of lithium, and the recovery rate of lithium was 96.2%.

EXAMPLE 2,

(1) Weighing 20kg of waste ternary lithium batteries, putting the waste ternary lithium batteries on an YBCJ-001 disassembly table 1 for manual disassembly, and removing a sealing cover, a shell, a guide bar and a battery pack base of the waste ternary lithium batteries to obtain battery cores;

(2) Putting the battery core into a JZ-DIY500 salt pond discharge kettle 2, soaking the battery core in hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 6% in the kettle for 90 hours, taking out the battery core, airing the battery core, detecting the electric quantity of the battery, and enabling the electric quantity of the battery to be 0.09V;

(3) Putting the battery core into an XD-ED400 primary crusher 3 for crushing, wherein the crushed battery fragments are about 15mm;

(4) Delivering the crushed battery core into a QSH-VF-1200T carbonization furnace 4 for pyrolysis, preserving heat for 120min at the pyrolysis temperature of 350 ℃, and then cooling to 40 ℃ and taking out;

(5) Putting the cooled material into an XM-800 secondary crusher 5 for kneading and crushing, wherein the crushed material is approximately 1mm;

(6) Removing copper and aluminum from the secondary crushed material by a DJFX-01 copper-aluminum separator to obtain 6.5kg of a positive electrode material black powder of mixed carbon powder, wherein the lithium content is 0.6kg;

(7) Weighing 1.3kg of coke, and uniformly mixing the black powder and the coke according to the proportion of 5:1;

(8) Feeding the black powder of the mixed coke into a ZWRJ-03 reduction furnace 7 (muffle furnace) for high-temperature calcination, preserving heat at 700 ℃ for 45min, cooling to 30 ℃ and taking out;

(9) Adding 7.8kg of black powder into FYF-5000 water leaching pulping kettle 8, mixing with 39kg of pure water (black powder and water are 1:5), and stirring for 120min;

(10) 41.58kg of filtrate and 5.22kg of filter residue are obtained by one-time filtration through a YG-W01 filter press 9;

(11) Introducing the filtrate into a sufficient amount of carbon dioxide YUTC-05 carbonization kettle 10, and reacting for 120min;

(12) Passing the filtrate through an LZ-5 ion exchange column at a flow rate of 0.5L/min by an NM01 delivery pump to remove calcium and magnesium ions;

(13) Heating the filtrate after reaction to 98 ℃, and stirring for 40min;

(14) The hot filtrate is rapidly filtered by a YG-W01 secondary filter press 13 to obtain filtrate and filter residues;

(15) Washing the residue in NM-LD-15 water tank 14 with 6kg hot water;

(16) Putting the filter residues into a PBG-100 centrifuge 15 for dehydration;

(17) And (3) drying the dehydrated solid in a ZPG-1200 blade dryer, wherein the water content of the dried solid is less than 0.5%. 3.10kg of battery grade lithium carbonate is finally obtained, which is converted into about 0.586kg of lithium, and the recovery rate of lithium is 97.6%.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and the present utility model is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (1)

1. The system for efficiently recycling lithium from waste ternary lithium batteries is characterized by comprising a disassembly table (1); a salt pond discharge kettle (2); a primary crusher (3); a carbonization furnace (4); a secondary crusher (5); a sorting sieving machine (6); a reduction furnace (7); a water immersion pulping kettle (8); a primary filter press (9); a carbonization kettle (10); an ion exchange column (11); a pyrolysis kettle (12); a secondary filter press (13) and a water washing kettle (14); a centrifuge (15) and a dryer (16);

the model of the disassembly table (1) is YBCJ-001, and comprises a disassembly tool area (101) and a manual disassembly area (102), wherein the disassembly tool area (101) and the manual disassembly area (102) are respectively provided with a matched electric disassembly tool for recycling waste ternary lithium batteries;

the salt pond discharging kettle (2) is JZ-DIY500 and is made of corrosion-resistant PPH materials, and the salt pond discharging kettle (2) comprises a shell (201), a salt solution (202), a battery lifting kettle (203), a battery lifting machine (204) and a lifting beam (205);

the primary crusher (3) is XD-ED400, is a cutter-hammer combined crusher, and consists of a roller liner (301), a roller (302), a mandrel (303), an alligator plate (304), a liner plate (305), a pull rod (306) and a spring (307);

the model number of the carbonization furnace (4) is QSH-VF-1200T, the carbonization furnace comprises a furnace body (401), a combustion chamber (402), a temperature measuring hole (403), a gas collecting hood (404), a gas distribution hole (405), a carbonization chamber (406) and a cooling chamber (407), wherein the head part of the furnace body (401) is provided with a feed inlet, a dust removing port and a smoke outlet, the tail part of the furnace body is provided with a discharge port and a smoke outlet, and the lining material of the furnace body (401) is made of 304 stainless steel materials;

the model of the secondary crusher (5) is XM-800, and is a kneading crusher, and the secondary crusher (5) comprises a secondary crusher feed inlet (501), cutter teeth (502), a middle shaft (503), a secondary crusher discharge outlet (504), a triangular belt (505), a secondary crushing speed reducer (506) and a secondary crushing motor (507);

the model of the sorting screening machine (6) is WF-1000, and the sorting screening machine consists of a lifting machine (601), a copper-aluminum discharge hole (602), a sealing cover (603), a cylinder (604), an undersize discharge hole (605), a baffle plate (606), a sorting discharge hole (607) and a sorting screening machine bracket (608);

the model of the reduction furnace (7) is GD-VG1400, and the reduction furnace consists of a furnace door (701), a temperature measuring hole (702), a furnace shell (703), a refractory layer (704), an insulating layer (705), a silicon carbide rod (706) and a voltage regulating transformer (707);

the model FYF-5000 of the water-immersed pulping kettle (8) consists of a water-immersed pulping kettle motor (801), a water-immersed pulping kettle speed reducer (802), a fixed frame (803), a water-immersed pulping kettle mechanical seal (804), a water-immersed pulping kettle upper end socket (805), a water-immersed pulping kettle support (806), an inner coil pipe (807), a water-immersed pulping kettle cylinder (808), a water-immersed pulping kettle jacket (809), a water-immersed pulping kettle lower end socket (810), a water-immersed pulping kettle stirring paddle (811), a water-immersed pulping kettle lower shaft (812) and a water-immersed pulping kettle heating pipe (813);

the model of the primary filter press (9) is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box filter press with good tightness is adopted, and the box filter press consists of a thrust plate assembly (901), a primary filter press filter plate (902), a primary filter press main beam (903), a primary filter press middle support piece (904), a primary filter press compacting plate (905), a primary filter press oil cylinder seat assembly (906) and a primary filter press electric control hydraulic system (907);

the model of the carbonization kettle (10) is NM-LD-10, and consists of a mechanical seal (1001) of the carbonization kettle, a gas suction inlet (1002), a water inlet (1003) of the carbonization kettle, a water outlet (1004) of the carbonization kettle, a shaft (1005), a heat transfer plate (1006), a middle stirrer (1007), a gas source (1008) and a bottom stirrer (1009);

the type of the ion exchange column (11) is LZ-5, and the ion exchange column consists of a water inlet valve (1101), a water inlet (1102), an exhaust valve (1103), an upper sewage outlet (1104), an upper water distribution plate (1105), a resin filling inlet (1106) and a resin discharging outlet (1107);

the model number of the pyrolysis kettle (12) is FYF-5000, and the pyrolysis kettle is a reaction kettle with heating and stirring functions, and consists of a pyrolysis kettle motor (1201), a pyrolysis kettle speed reducer (1202), a pyrolysis kettle frame (1203), a pyrolysis kettle mechanical seal (1204), a pyrolysis kettle upper seal head (1205), a pyrolysis kettle support (1206), a pyrolysis kettle inner coil pipe (1207), a pyrolysis kettle cylinder body (1208), a pyrolysis kettle jacket (1209), a pyrolysis kettle lower seal head (1210), a pyrolysis kettle stirring shaft (1211), a pyrolysis kettle lower shaft (1212) and a pyrolysis kettle heating pipe (1213);

the model of the secondary filter press (13) is XMA Y1500-UBK, a box filter press with good sealing performance is adopted, and the box filter press consists of a thrust plate assembly (1301) of the secondary filter press, a filter plate (1302) of the secondary filter press, a main beam (1303) of the secondary filter press, a middle supporting piece (1304) of the secondary filter press, a compacting plate assembly (1305) of the secondary filter press, an oil cylinder seat assembly (1306) of the secondary filter press and an electric control hydraulic system (1307) of the secondary filter press;

the model of the water washing kettle (14) is NM-LD-15, and consists of a water washing kettle motor (1401), an outer magnetic steel assembly (1402), an isolation cover (1403), an inner magnetic steel assembly (1404), a mounting flange (1405), a water washing kettle transmission shaft (1406), a coupler (1407), a water washing kettle stirring paddle (1408) and a water washing kettle body (1409);

the centrifugal machine (15) is of a type of PBG-100, adopts a flat-plate scraping centrifugal machine, and consists of a scraper cylinder (1501), a centrifugal machine cover (1502), a centrifugal machine shell (1503), a centrifugal machine drum (1504), a centrifugal machine bearing seat (1505), a centrifugal machine motor (1506), a centrifugal machine base (1507) and a centrifugal machine shock absorber (1508);

the model of the dryer (16) is ZPG-1200, and the dryer consists of a dryer safety valve (1601), a dryer feed valve (1602), a dryer pressure gauge (1603), a heat source feed valve (1604), a cooling liquid discharge valve (1605), a dryer discharge valve (1606), a condensed water discharge port (1607), a control box (1608), a dryer blade (1609), a dryer main body (1610) and an exhaust hole (1611).

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