CN117123196A - 一种多孔微球吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔微球吸附剂及其制备方法和应用,具体原来包括高聚物、添加剂、溶剂;以聚醚砜或聚砜为基质,通过共混改性及相转化法,加入亲水改性成分磺化聚砜,制备出的改性吸附剂可用于血液净化领域。本发明工艺简单,减少了活性炭和树脂合成过程的复杂工艺步骤,所用基质具有稳定的理化性能和生物相容性,降低使用过程中的碎粒脱落可能,并具有良好的吸附性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附剂技术领域,具体涉及一种多孔微球吸附剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
血液净化是将体内的血液引出体外,通过弥散、对流、超滤和吸附的原理对血液中的有毒物质进行净化处理。血液净化医疗器械主要是血液透析器,其利用半透膜的原理对血液进行净化,在应用中存在以下缺陷:对血液中的致病物质缺乏选择性;尽管对血液中小、中分子的滤过清除效果较好,但是对于相对分子量较大、脂溶性好或与蛋白质结合的毒物,透析和滤过的清除效果不佳。血液净化的另外一种医疗器械血液灌流器可以弥补血液透析器的不足,提高血液净化过程中毒物的清除率和清除类别。
血液灌流器的主要组成部分就是吸附剂,吸附剂为多孔微球结构。多孔微球是一种具有高度孔隙率和大比表面积的材料,多孔微球的孔道可以提供大量的吸附位点,使得微球具有很高的吸附容量和选择性,它们可以吸附各种有机和无机物质,如重金属离子、有机染料、药物、蛋白质等。这种材料在环境保护、化学工业、生物医学等领域有着广泛的应用。此外,多孔微球的表面化学性质也对其吸附作用有着重要的影响。市面上常见的用于血液灌流器的吸附剂以活性炭和树脂两种居多。活性炭经过蒸馏、炭化、酸洗、高温、高压、活化而成,生产工艺复杂,虽然活性炭的吸附能力不错,但选择性差,机械强度低,有脱落形成微栓塞之可能,而且接触血液后有可能导致红细胞、白细胞、血小板破坏之可能,引起血小板与白细胞的减少、补体活化、溶血、过敏反应、热原反应。吸附树脂是一种球形合成交联共聚物,制备过程一般需要通过聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的氯甲基化及后交联,制备过程复杂,且需使用有机化学物质,在制备过程中需控制其化学反应条件、改变物理性状、达到调节其吸附特性。树脂合成化学反应条件控制苛刻,同时吸附树脂通常还需进行覆膜处理后使用才能提高其生物相容性。
聚芳砜类材料,如聚醚砜,聚砜等具有较高的热分解温度和熔体流动性使其易于进行熔融加工成型,同时其具有优异的化学稳定性和机械性能,此外,其还具有优异的成膜性,因此作为膜基体材料已被制成各种膜制品及膜组件。然而,由于聚芳砜材料自身较强的疏水性,采用其制备吸附剂的渗透通量、选择性常常受到限制;且现有活性炭吸附剂综合性能较差,树脂吸附剂合成工艺繁琐复杂,反应过程难以控制。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对现有技术的问题和不足之处而提供了一种多孔微球吸附剂及其制备方法和应用,以聚醚砜或聚砜为基质,通过共混改性及相转化法,加入亲水改性成分磺化聚砜,制备出的改性吸附剂可用于血液净化领域。本发明工艺简单,减少了活性炭和树脂合成过程的复杂工艺步骤,所用基质具有稳定的理化性能和生物相容性,降低使用过程中的碎粒脱落可能,并具有良好的吸附性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种多孔微球吸附剂,包括以下重量比原料:高聚物10-50%、添加剂5-20%、溶剂30-85%。
具体的,所述高聚物包括聚醚砜和磺化聚砜。
具体的,所述聚醚砜可替换为聚砜。
具体的,所述添加剂为正己烷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇中的一种;所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子量范围为K30-K85,所述聚乙二醇分子量范围为Mw=400-4000)。
具体的,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种。
一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
S1、按一定比例将原料共混并加热充分溶解制得吸附剂溶液;
S2、配制非溶剂,将步骤S1所得吸附剂溶液浸入至非溶剂中,等待吸附剂固化成型;
S3、将步骤S2固化成型后的吸附剂清洗干净,制得多孔微球吸附剂成品。
具体的,加热温度为50-80℃,加热溶解时长为12-24h。
具体的,加热方式采用水浴加热。
具体的,所述非溶剂由水、无水乙醇、DMAC(N,N-二甲基乙酰胺),DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中的一种或两种以任意比例共混组成。
一种多孔微球吸附剂的应用,所述的多孔微球吸附剂在血液灌流器中血液净化的应用。。
基于上述技术方案,本发明实施例至少可以产生如下技术效果:
(1)本发明提供的一种多孔微球吸附剂,具有稳定的理化性能和生物相容性,不会破碎,降低使用过程中的碎粒脱落可能;与已上市血液净化用树脂吸附剂吸附性能相当的特点,部分性能优于已上市树脂吸附剂。
(2)本发明提供的一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,以聚醚砜或聚砜为基质,通过共混改性及相转化法,加入亲水改性成分磺化聚砜,减少了活性炭和树脂合成过程的复杂工艺步骤,易于工业化,所用基质具有稳定的理化性能和生物相容性,降低使用过程中的碎粒脱落可能,并具有良好的吸附性能。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明提供的一种多孔微球吸附剂,包括以下重量比原料:
一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
S1、将原料共混并加热充分溶解制得吸附剂溶液;
所述原料按一下重量比添加:高聚物10-50%、添加剂5-20%、溶剂30-85%;具体的,所述高聚物包括聚醚砜和磺化聚砜。其中,所述聚醚砜可替换为聚砜。所述添加剂为正己烷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇中的一种。所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种;所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子量范围为K30-K85,所述聚乙二醇分子量范围为Mw=400-4000)。
加热方式采用水浴加热,加热温度为50-80℃,加热溶解时长为12-24h。
共混法是将两种或两种以上的高聚物共混,各种高聚物在保持其原有性能的基础上产生协同作用,通过调控吸附剂溶液中各种高聚物的比例可以调控吸附剂的孔结构和吸附性能,其中本发明方案采用磺化聚砜磺化度为10%-40%,根据磺化度调整配方的不同原料比例,在充分加热溶解后放置于室温冷却,然后取部分溶液制备球形吸附剂。
S2、通过浸没相转化法制备改性吸附剂,利用溶剂与非溶剂之间的交换,使吸附剂溶液体系发生液-液相分离,达到一定程度时溶液由液相转变为固相,从而得到固相球形改性吸附剂。
配制非溶剂,非溶剂由水,无水乙醇,DMAC,DMF或者水和乙醇,水和DMAC,DMF任意比例共混组成,不同的非溶剂及比例和非溶剂的温度可以调控改性吸附剂的孔结构和孔径。
将步骤S1所得吸附剂溶液滴入非溶剂中,球形液滴浸入非溶剂中后,利用溶剂与非溶剂之间的交换,使吸附剂溶液体系发生液-液相分离,等待球型吸附剂固化成型;
S3、将步骤S2固化成型后的吸附剂清洗干净,制得多孔微球吸附剂成品。
实施例1
聚砜重量比例为15%,磺化度为10%的磺化聚砜重量比例为15%,溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺重量比列为70%,添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮占总混合液重量比例为1%。
按上述比例精确称量各物质,将各物质共混后放入70℃水浴锅加热溶解12-24h,充分溶解后将改性吸附剂溶液放置于室温,取部分溶液制备球形吸附剂,非溶剂为纯水,作为多孔吸附剂由液相转变为固相的凝固溶液,待吸附剂成型清洗后,测试改性吸附剂的性能。
实施例2
聚醚砜重量比例为15%,磺化度为20%的磺化聚砜重量比例为10%,添加剂正己烷重量比例为20%,溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺重量比列为50%。
按上述比例精确称量各物质,将各物质共混后放入60℃水浴锅加热溶解12-24h,充分溶解后将改性吸附剂溶液放置于室温,取部分溶液装制备球形吸附剂,配制非溶剂为水和无水乙醇比例为1:3,作为改性吸附剂由液相转变为固相的凝固溶液,待吸附剂成型清洗后,测试改性吸附剂的性能。
实施例3:
聚醚砜重量比例为10%,磺化度为20%的磺化聚砜重量比例为10%,添加剂正己烷重量比例为20%,溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺重量比列为60%。
按上述比例精确称量各物质,将各物质共混后放入70℃水浴锅加热溶解12-24h,充分溶解后将改性吸附剂溶液放置于室温,取部分溶液制备球形吸附剂,配制非溶剂为水和无水乙醇比例为1:3,作为多孔微球吸附剂由液相转变为固相的凝固溶液,待吸附剂成型清洗后,测试改性吸附剂的性能。
试验例
分别配制25mg/L VB12,35mg/L肌酐,15mg/Lβ2微球蛋白,2ng/ml甲状旁腺素,500pg/ml白介素-6吸附液,取一定体积实施例1-3制得改性吸附剂于锥形瓶中,置于37℃恒温振荡器内振荡吸附2h,静置后取上层吸附液测试浓度,性能测试结果如表1所示。
表1实施例1-3改性吸附剂吸附性能测试结果:
对比例
配制相同浓度的VB12,肌酐,β2微球蛋白,甲状旁腺素,白介素-6吸附液,取已上市的吸附剂树脂作为对照样品,取相同体积的吸附液,置于37℃恒温振荡器内振荡吸附2h,静置后取上层吸附液测试浓度,性能测试结果如表2所示。
表2树脂吸附剂吸附性能测试结果:
本发明改性吸附剂制备工艺简单,采用共混法和浸没相转化法,减少了活性炭和树脂合成过程的复杂工艺步骤,易于工业化;该吸附剂具有稳定的理化性能和生物相容性,不会破碎,降低使用过程中的碎粒脱落可能,减少破碎后进入血液导致血栓等现象发生;本方案制备的改性吸附剂与已上市血液净化用树脂吸附剂吸附性能相当的特点,部分性能优于已上市树脂吸附剂。
可以理解,本发明是通过一些实施例进行描述的,本领域技术人员知悉的,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外,在本发明的教导下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制,所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明所保护的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多孔微球吸附剂,其特征在于,包括以下重量比原料:高聚物10-50%、添加剂5-20%、溶剂30-85%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂,其特征在于,所述高聚物包括聚醚砜和磺化聚砜。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂,其特征在于,所述聚醚砜可替换为聚砜。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂,其特征在于,所述添加剂为正己烷、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇中的一种;所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分子量范围为K30-K85 ,所述聚乙二醇分子量范围为Mw=400-4000)。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺, N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种。
6.一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
S1、按一定比例将原料共混并加热充分溶解制得吸附剂溶液;
S2、配制非溶剂,将步骤S1所得吸附剂溶液浸入至非溶剂中,等待吸附剂固化成型;
S3、将步骤S2固化成型后的吸附剂清洗干净,制得多孔微球吸附剂成品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,加热温度为50-80℃,加热溶解时长为12-24h。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中,加热方式采用水浴加热。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种多孔微球吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中,所述非溶剂由水、无水乙醇、DMAC,DMF中的一种或两种以任意比例共混组成。
10.一种多孔微球吸附剂的应用,其特征在于,如权利要求1-5任一项所述的多孔微球吸附剂在血液灌流器中血液净化的应用。
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