CN117122631A - 一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物及其制备方法,所述药物组合物由以下重量份的原料药制备而成:丹参14‑20份,川穹9‑13份,桂枝6‑10份,山楂6‑10份,三七2‑5份。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,更具体涉及一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是酒的故乡,是世界上酿酒最早的国家;酒及酒文化伴随着人们走过数千年的历程,已成为人们生活必不可少的一部分。少量和适度的饮酒有益健康,例如活血,预防风湿疾病、健脾开胃、促进睡眠,缓解疲劳等等。但是,如果过量饮酒,则会对身体产生不利影响,尤其是对人体肝脏危害较大,例如会引起酒精肝、肝硬化等病症。这是因为人体饮酒之后,吸收的90%以上的酒精会进入肝脏,由肝脏进行代谢,过量的酒精会对肝脏产生毒害作用。
由此,存在对解酒、预防和减少酒精对肝脏损伤的药物的广泛需求,现有技术中也存在诸多相关的西药和中药产品。例如针对急性酒精中毒,通常可采用西药治疗例如服用美他多辛、纳洛酮等;但是一般西药具有较大的副作用,不能长期服用、也不能作为预防性药物使用。例如,杨牧祥等人在其研究中(杨牧祥、李荣彦等,解酒护肝饮治疗酒精性肝病的临床疗效观察,中国中医药信息杂志,2001,01:59-60)记载了采用葛花、葛根、枳椇子、茵陈、虎杖、丹参、党参、白术、白茅等制成的解酒护肝饮以及由葛花、砂仁、蔻仁、青皮、陈皮、木香、神曲、茯苓、泽泻、白术、干姜、人参等制成的葛花解酲汤;例如申请号为202211657416.1、发明名称为“一种用于酒精性肝损伤的中药组合物、制剂及其制备方法”的专利申请中提出了包括白术、百合、柴胡、陈皮、大黄、大枣、当归、茯苓、覆盆子、葛根、枸杞、桂枝、黄精、黄芪、黄芩、姜黄、莲子、麻黄、麦冬、人参、肉苁蓉、桑葚、升麻、生姜、生地黄、锁阳、天门冬、玉竹、枳椇子、炙甘草、黄连、醋五味子、巴戟天、防风、怀牛膝、钟乳粉、牡荆子、盐菟、丝子、车前子、石斛、山药、杜仲、制远志、附子、蛇床子、川芎、山茱萸、天雄、紫石英、菖蒲的中药组合物;例如申请号为202211471899.6、发明名称为“一种用于解酒的中药组合物、其制备方法和应用”的专利申请中公开了一种包括猪苓、茯苓、泽泻、炒白术、水飞蓟、黄芪、女贞子、莲子心、石斛、麦冬、乌梅、百合、竹叶、桂枝、甘草的组合物。
上述中药产品普遍存在中药原材料种类多,有效成分不明,成本高,甚至由于诸多原料之间的反应而可能存在副作用等不足。因此,迫切期盼疗效确切,成本低、毒副作用小的药剂。
发明内容
本发明人在研究预防心脑血管疾病的过程中,意外地发现,一些常用于治疗和预防心脑血管病的中药成分,包括丹参、川穹、桂枝以及山楂,他们与三七的组合具有解酒和减少酒精对肝脏伤害的功效,并且该药物组合物具有组成简单、成本低、功效好等特点。基于上述意外的发现而提出了本发明。
丹参:性苦,微寒。归心、肝经;功效:活血调经,祛瘀止痛,凉血消痈,清心除烦,养血安神;主治月经不调,经闭痛经,症瘕积聚,胸腹刺痛,热痹疼痛,疮疡肿痛,心烦不眠;肝脾肿大,心绞痛。川穹:味辛,性温。归肝、胆、心包经;功能与主治:活血行气,祛风止痛;用于安抚神经,正头风头痛,症瘕腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑肿痛,头痛,风湿痹痛。桂枝:味辛、甘,性温;入肺、心、膀胱经;功效:发汗解肌,温经通脉。治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭症瘕。山楂:酸甘,微温;入脾、胃、肝经;功用主治:消食积,散瘀血,驱绦虫;消食健胃,行气散瘀;用于肉食积滞、胃烷胀满、泻痢腹痛、瘀血经闭、产后瘀阻、心腹刺痛、疝气疼痛、高血脂症;三七:性温,味甘、微苦,归肝、胃经;用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹刺痛,跌扑肿痛。
我们认为上述各药味中丹参、川穹、山楂及三七皆入肝经,辅以桂枝入肺、心、膀胱经以及山楂入脾、胃经,疏通各脏腑经络之间的联系,相互配合,由此能够实现通络化瘀,疏肝养血,解酒护肝之功效。
根据本发明的一方面,提供一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物,由以下重量份的原料药制备而成:丹参14-20份,川穹9-13份,桂枝6-10份,山楂6-10份,三七2-5份。
根据本发明的实施方案,其中所述可解酒、保肝的中药组合物由以下重量份的原料药制备而成:丹参15份,川穹10份,桂枝8份,山楂8份,三七3份。
根据本发明的实施方案,其中所述药物组合物为丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液或汤剂。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于制备可解酒、保肝的中药组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)取丹参14-20份、川穹9-13份、桂枝6-10份以及山楂6-10份以及2-5份三七,放入容器中并加入6-10倍水浸泡一定时间;
(2)加热容器至沸腾,煎煮1-2小时,期间间断搅拌;
(3)冷却并过滤,得到一次滤料和一次滤液;
(4)向一次滤料中重新加入6-10倍水,并重复步骤(2)和(3),得到二次滤料和二次滤液;
(5)混合所述一次滤液和二次滤液,得到药液。
根据本发明的实施方案,其中所述方法还包括将步骤(5)所得药液进一步处理,以制备丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液或汤剂形式的药物组合物。
根据本发明的实施方案,其中所述方法还包括:在步骤(4)之后,向二次滤料中重新加入6-10倍水以进行步骤(2)和(3)的操作,从而得到三次滤液,并在步骤(5)中将三次滤液与一次滤液和二次滤液混合,得到药液。
根据本发明的实施方案,其中所述步骤(5)包括在混合之后进行低压浓缩操作,例如可以浓缩至相对密度约1.05~1.10,1.20-1.30(80度)等。
根据本发明的又一方面,还提供所述药物组合物在制备用于减少酒精对肝脏伤害的药物中的用途。
另外,本发明的药物组合物还可用于预防心脑卒中等疾病。
本发明药物组合物具有药味数目少、原材料丰富、制备工艺简单、生产/治疗成本低且基本无毒副作用等特点,值得大力推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步的详细说明,以下的说明仅仅是示例性的而并不是为了限制本公开的应用或用途。
实施例中提及的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均可从常规试剂商店购买得到的。
下文中以口服液和颗粒剂为例,进行试验。应该理解的是,本发明也可制作成其他剂型例如片剂、胶囊等,这些剂型的制作方法为本领域所熟知,就不赘述。
实施例1:口服液
原料药:丹参15份,川穹10份,桂枝8份,山楂8份,三七3份,各原料药均为干燥原料药材。
制备方法如下:
将上述各原料药放入容器中,加入约10倍量的水,将药物浸泡约8小时,然后水浴加热至微沸,间断搅拌,持续加热1.5小时,静置过滤,滤液单放。再向过滤后的药渣中加入以上6倍量的水,重复上述操作,第二次过滤获得二次滤液。合并两次滤液,静置约12小时,取上清液,制备成口服液。
实施例2:口服液
原料药:丹参17份,川穹11份,桂枝9份,山楂9份,三七5份
其他与实施例1相同。
实施例3:口服液
除了下述操作之外,其他与实施例1相同:在第二次过滤之后,再向过滤后的药渣中加入6倍量的水,重复上述操作(加热时间为1小时),第三次过滤获得三次滤液,合并3次所得滤液。
实施例4:颗粒剂
原料药:丹参18份,川穹13份,桂枝10份,山楂9份,三七4份,各原料药均为干燥原料药材。
制备方法如下:
将上述各原料药放入容器中,加入约10倍量的水,将药物浸泡约8小时,然后水浴加热至微沸,间断搅拌,持续加热1.5小时,静置过滤,滤液单放。再向过滤后的药渣中加入8倍量的水,重复上述操作,第二次过滤获得二次滤液。然后再向过滤后的药渣中加入6倍量的水,重复上述操作(加热时间为1小时),第三次过滤获得三次滤液。合并3次所得滤液,静置约12小时,取上清液进行减压浓缩成浸膏,然后制备成颗粒剂(所得颗粒剂的规格为每袋10g,每次服用一袋)。
为了验证本发明药物的解酒护肝等效果,进行了如下试验:
(一)动物试验
1.动物解酒试验
选取健康昆明小鼠75只,质量18~24g,雄性。小鼠随机分成5组,每组15只,分别为对照组、模型组、试验1-3组;酒为北京牛栏山二锅头,52度。
对照组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃蒸馏水,20分钟之后灌胃蒸馏水0.15ml/10g。
模型组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃蒸馏水,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g。
试验1组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例1的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g。
试验2组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例2的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g。
试验3组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例3的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g。
给酒后开始计时,观察并记录小鼠出现翻正反射消失的潜伏时间至恢复时间以及只数,计算小鼠醉倒率以及耐受时间,结果见下表1:
表1:动物解酒试验结果
与模型组相比,各个试验组的小鼠醉酒数、醉倒率以及醉酒维持时间都显著减少,同时醉酒的耐受时间变长;这表明各个试验组药物对小鼠有明显的预防醉酒作用,能有效延长小鼠的醉酒潜伏期,具有预防醉酒的功效。
2.对动物血液中乙醇的影响试验
选取健康昆明小鼠40只,质量18~24g,雄性。小鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为模型组、试验4-6组;酒为北京牛栏山二锅头,52度。
模型组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃蒸馏水,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g,给酒后15分钟,30分钟以及80分钟分别从各小鼠眼眶取血。
试验4组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例1的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g,给酒后15分钟,30分钟以及80分钟分别从各小鼠眼眶取血。
试验5组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例2的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g,给酒后15分钟,30分钟以及80分钟分别从各小鼠眼眶取血。
试验6组:按0.2ml/10g灌胃实施例3的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.15ml/10g,给酒后15分钟,30分钟以及80分钟分别从各小鼠眼眶取血。
利用气相色谱法测定处理后的血液样品中乙醇的浓度,结果见下表2:
表2:对动物血液中乙醇的影响试验结果
结果表明,与模型组相比,本发明的口服液能够明显降低血液中乙醇的含量,具有解酒作用。
3.对动物ALT、AST、SOD以及MDA的影响试验
选取健康昆明小鼠50只,质量18~24g,雄性。小鼠随机分成5组,每组10只,分别为对照组、模型组、试验7-9组;酒为北京牛栏山二锅头,52度。
对照组:按0.2ml/10g/天灌胃蒸馏水,喂养3周。
模型组:按0.2ml/10g/天灌胃蒸馏水,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.10ml/10g/天,喂养3周。
试验7组:按0.2ml/10g/天灌胃实施例1的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.10ml/10g/天,喂养3周。
试验8组:按0.2ml/10g/天灌胃实施例2的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.10ml/10g/天,喂养3周。
试验9组:按0.2ml/10g/天灌胃实施例3的口服液,20分钟之后灌胃给酒0.10ml/10g/天,喂养3周。
第22天,放血处死所有小鼠,同时采取血液和肝脏样品,利用生化分析仪测定样品血清中的ALT(谷丙转氨酶)和AST(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶),利用分光光度法检测肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,结果见下表3:
表3:对动物ALT、AST、SOD以及MDA的影响试验结果
血清中ALT(谷丙转氨酶)和AST(天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶)的含量作为评价肝功能的关键生物学指标,能够反映肝损伤程度。实验结果表明,模型组中小鼠血清ALT、AST含量明显升高,说明长时间饮酒损害了肝细胞的正常功能。而经过本发明的药物干预后,血清中ALT、AST含量明有显著降低,这证明本发明的药物组合物具有护肝功效。
SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)是体内的自由基清除剂,模型组中SOD含量明显降低,但是经过药物干预之后,各试验组中SOD含量上升,这意味着肝脏SOD活性提高。MDA(丙二醛)是脂质过氧化的主要终产物,其含量反映体内脂质过氧化损伤的程度,含量越高意味着对肝脏损伤越大;模型组中MDA含量明显增大,同样,经过药物干预之后,各试验组中含量降低。上述结果表明,本发明的组合物能够提高肝脏的去除自由基能力以及抗氧化能力,由此实现对肝脏的保护作用。
(二)预防醉酒试验
为了进一步验证本发明组合物的在解酒防醉的功效,我们利用实施例4的颗粒剂进行了试验。
自愿应试人数为39人,均为参见某次酒席的饮酒者,平时饮酒量在100-500ml,年龄22~60,包括女士9人,男士30人。在饮酒前服用实施例3的颗粒剂一袋,酒席结束后(约1小时)问询和记录应试者的反应,统计如下表4所示:
表4:饮酒后调查结果
以上结果表明,本发明的组合物具有良好的预防醉酒效果,能够增大饮酒者的酒量,减轻饮酒者酒后的不适,以及减少醉酒的发生。
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的装置及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种可解酒、保肝的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制备而成:丹参14-20份,川穹9-13份,桂枝6-10份,山楂6-10份,三七2-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可解酒、保肝的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制备而成:丹参15份,川穹10份,桂枝8份,山楂8份,三七3份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的可解酒、保肝的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物为丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液或汤剂。
4.一种用于制备可解酒、保肝的中药组合物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)取丹参14-20份、川穹9-13份、桂枝6-10份、山楂6-10份以及三七2-5份放入容器中并加入6-10倍水浸泡一定时间;
(2)加热容器至沸腾,煎煮1-2小时,期间间断搅拌;
(3)冷却并过滤,得到一次滤料和一次滤液;
(4)向一次滤料中重新加入6-10倍水,并重复步骤(2)和(3),得到二次滤料和二次滤液;
(5)混合所述一次滤液和二次滤液,得到药液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将步骤(5)所得的药液进一步处理,以制备丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、口服液或汤剂形式的药物组合物。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:在步骤(4)之后,向二次滤料中重新加入6-10倍水以进行步骤(2)和(3)的操作,从而得到三次滤液,并在步骤(5)中将三次滤液与一次滤液和二次滤液混合,得到药液。
7.根据权利要求4或6所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)包括在混合之后进行低压浓缩操作。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的药物组合物在制备用于减少酒精对肝脏伤害的药物中的用途。
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