CN117110619A - 一种基于SADS-CoV全病毒抗原检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒及方法 - Google Patents
一种基于SADS-CoV全病毒抗原检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于SADS‑CoV全病毒抗原检测SADS‑CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒及方法。提供的试剂盒和方法利用SADS‑CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原包被酶标板,以对SADS‑CoV抗体进行间接ELISA检测,可以高准确性检出SADS‑CoV抗体,有助于SADS‑CoV疫苗免疫效果的评价。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及病毒抗体检测技术领域,具体涉及一种基于SADS-CoV全病毒抗原检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒及方法。
背景技术
猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus,SADS-CoV)作为一种新发现的冠状病毒,属于冠状病毒科α冠状病毒属,是有囊膜包被的单股正链RNA病毒,基因组全长27Kb,完整基因组结构由两端的5'-UTR、3'-UTR,五个非结构蛋白:ORF1a、ORF1b、NS3a、NS7a、NS7b和四个结构蛋白:S蛋白、E蛋白、M蛋白、N蛋白组成。猪急性腹泻综合征的临床症状与其他已知的猪肠道冠状病毒引起的临床症状非常相似,可引起急性呕吐、腹泻和新生仔猪体重迅速减轻导致急性死亡,该病毒可感染各个年龄段的猪,被感染成年母猪只出现轻度腹泻症状,2天内即可恢复。然而,对新生仔猪的影响较为严重,尤其在5日龄或者更小日龄的仔猪中病死率最高,发病后3~6天引起死亡。
目前我国尚无针对SADS-CoV感染的有效治疗药物及疫苗,提前研发疫苗药物可以为SADS-CoV疫情的防控做准备,以避免该病毒给养殖业带来不可估量的经济损失。在疫苗的制备中,涉及到动物实验时需要对阴性对照及接受免疫后的动物进行抗体检测,以评估疫苗的免疫保护效果,其中以血清中和抗体效价的高低来评估疫苗免疫保护效果是最简单的方法。然而,目前用于检测SADS-CoV疫苗免疫后血清中和抗体效价的血清学方法还均处于实验室阶段,例如Peng Peng等人公开一种用于评估SADV-CoV的感染和疫苗的有效性的基于重组S蛋白的抗SADS-CoV IgG间接ELISA检测方法(Peng Peng等人,Development ofan indirect ELISA for detecting swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirusIgG antibodies based on a recombinant spike protein,Transboundary andEmerging Diseases,2020年10月30日,https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14196;以下称文献1)。然而,该文献1以重组S蛋白作为包被抗原,其可能仅能识别和结合血清中和抗体上的部分表位,导致检测准确性和全面性可能有所不足,这不利于疫苗免疫效果的评价,也不利于疫苗制备过程中阴性猪的筛选工作以及猪场的净化工作。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题的一个或多个,本发明一个方面提供一种检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒,其包括用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原包被的酶标板。
在一些实施方式中,在用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原包被酶标板时,所述SADS-CoV全病毒抗原的浓度为8-12μg/mL。
本发明另一方面提供一种检测SADS-CoV抗体的非疾病诊断目的的间接ELISA方法,其包括使用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原来包被酶标板。
在一些实施方式中,所述间接ELISA方法包括以下步骤:
(1)抗原包被:将灭活且纯化的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被液,包被酶标板的孔,之后洗板;
(2)封闭:向步骤(1)已包被的酶标板的孔中加入封闭液,进行封闭,之后洗板;
(3)加样:使用样品稀释液将阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品进行稀释后,分别加入步骤(2)已封闭的酶标板的孔中,进行孵育,之后洗板;
(4)加酶标二抗:向步骤(3)的酶标板的孔中加入酶标二抗,进行孵育,之后洗板;
(5)显色和终止:向步骤(4)的酶标板的孔中加入底物显色液,静置一段时间后,向孔中加入终止液终止反应;和
(6)检测:使用酶标仪检测阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品对应孔的450nm处OD值,若阳性血清对应的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清对应的OD值,则实验成立,若待测血清样品对应的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清对应的OD值,则判定为阳性,反之则为阴性。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(1)中所述包被液的浓度为8-12μg/mL,所述包被的条件为:2~8℃过夜包被。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(1)-(5)中所述洗板的操作为:将酶标板放至室温,甩掉孔中的液体,用洗涤液反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干,其中所述洗涤液为PBST。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(2)中所述封闭液为1%鸡蛋白溶液(CSA),所述封闭的条件为:37±1℃封闭110-130min或者2~8℃过夜封闭。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(3)中按照1:(45-50)稀释倍数将阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品进行稀释,其中所述样品稀释液为pH为7.2~7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液PBS(0.01mol/L)。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(3)和步骤(4)中,所述孵育的条件为:37±1℃孵育55-65min。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(4)中所述酶标二抗为HRP-LgG(sogma,1:6000使用)。
在一些实施方式中,步骤(5)中所述显色液为TMB底物显色液,所述终止液为1.5mol/L硫酸。
基于以上技术方案提供的检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒和方法采用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原包被酶标板,其中SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原时相对于上述文献1使用的重组S蛋白可更多地与SADS-CoV抗体上的表位结合,因而能够准确且全面地对SADS-CoV抗体进行检测,实施例结果表明其与血清中和方法的总体符合率可达100%,因此本发明提供的试剂盒和方法可用于准确对SADS-CoV疫苗的免疫效果进行评价,且可用于准确筛选阴性猪以用于疫苗研发工作中,也能在净化猪场等工作中提供有利的工具。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中表1的SADS-CoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据曲线;
图2为实施例2中表2的SADS-CoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图详细说明本发明的内容。
实施例中描述到的各种生物材料的取得途径仅是提供一种实验获取的途径以达到具体公开的目的,不应成为对本发明生物材料来源的限制。事实上,所用到的生物材料的来源是广泛的,任何不违反法律和道德伦理能够获取的生物材料都可以按照实施例中的提示替换使用。
实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,实施例将有助于理解本发明,但不应作为对本发明内容的限制。
实施例1、SADS-CoV全病毒抗原的制备
将SADS-CoV/WT株接种Vero细胞,培养后收集上清液,对上清液纯化后灭活处理,得到灭活后的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原,用于以下实施例中作为包被抗原包被酶标板,其中制备SADS-CoV全病毒抗原的方法具体可参见专利文献CN114525263A公开的纯化和灭活方法。
实施例2:用于检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒中酶标板的制备
该实施例2利用上述实施例1制备的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原包被酶标板,以用于在间接ELISA方法中检测SADS-CoV抗体,包括:
2.1、包被抗原浓度的确定
2.1.1、阳性血清的制备
1)将猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒SADS-CoV均以105TCID50/0.1mL浓度每头按2mL攻击(径口灌服)24日龄的无SADS-CoV抗体的SPF猪,10天后采血分离血清,得到阳性血清,用BCA法测得蛋白浓度,并分别稀释得到浓度为1.25μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5μg/ml、10μg/ml和20μg/ml的全病毒抗原,分别作为包被抗原。
2)将上述步骤1)得到的不同浓度的包被抗原分别对酶标板的孔进行包被,并利用包被得到的酶标板检测不同稀释倍数的阳性血清和阴性血清在450nm处的OD值,具体包被和检测方法详见下述实施例3。下表1和表2示例性列出了从不同两头经SADS-CoV攻击的SPF猪(1#猪和2#猪)中采集分离得到的阳性血清在不同稀释倍数和使用不同酶标板条件下的OD至检测结果(即SADS-CoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据),图1和和图2分别对应为表1和表2的SADS-CoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据曲线。
表1:SADS-CoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据(1#猪)
表2:SADSCoV抗原包被正交矩阵OD值数据(2#猪)
由上表1、2和图1、2记载结果可知,当包被抗原的包被浓度在10μg/mL时,阳性血清样品在450nm处的OD值进入平台期;在阳性血清50×稀释情况下,OD值处在一个合理区间,并且阳性血清和阴性血清OD值区分比较明显,因此在制备酶标板时,可选择约10μg/mL(例如8-12μg/mL)的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原,在检测血清样品时,可对阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品同步进行约50倍(例如40-60倍)的稀释。
实施例3:检测SADS-COV抗体的间接ELISA方法
该实施例3提供的检测SADS-COV抗体的间接ELISA方法具体包括以下操作:
(1)抗原包被:将灭活且纯化的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被液,包被酶标板的孔,之后洗板;具体为:将实施例1制备的灭活且纯化的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原用pH为7.2~7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液PBS(0.01mol/L)稀释至约10μg/mL(例如8-12μg/mL)浓度,100μl/孔加入酶标板的孔内,2~8℃过夜包被;第二天取出酶标板,放至室温,甩掉孔中的包被液,用洗涤液(PBST)洗涤包被板,300μl/孔,反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干。该步骤也可直接使用本发明提供的检测SADS-COV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒中已包被SADS-CoV全病毒抗原的酶标板;
(2)封闭:向步骤(1)已包被的酶标板的孔中加入封闭液,进行封闭,之后洗板;具体为:向酶标板的孔中加入1%鸡蛋白溶液(CSA),100μl/孔,封好孔板,37℃封闭2h或者2~8℃过夜封闭;封闭处理后,取出酶标板,放至室温,甩掉孔中的封闭液,用洗涤液(PBST)洗涤包被板,300μl/孔,反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干;
(3)加样:使用样品稀释液将阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品按约1:50(例如1:(40-60))稀释后,分别加入步骤(2)已封闭的酶标板的孔中,100μl/孔,37℃孵育1h左右;孵育处理后,取出酶标板,放至室温,甩掉孔中的样品,用洗涤液(PBST)洗涤包被板,300μl/孔,反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干;
(4)加酶标二抗:向步骤(3)的酶标板的孔中加入酶标二抗(HRP-LgG(sogma,1:6000~10000使用)),100/孔,37℃孵育1h左右;孵育处理后,取出酶标板,放至室温,甩掉孔中的酶标二抗,用洗涤液(PBST)洗涤包被板,300μl/孔,反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干;
(5)显色和终止:向步骤(4)的酶标板的孔中加入底物显色液(TMB底物显色液),100μl/孔,室温或37℃静置15min,再向孔中加入终止液(1.5mol/L硫酸,50μl/孔)终止反应;和
(6)检测:使用酶标仪检测阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品对应孔的450nm处OD值,其中若阳性血清的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清的OD值,证明方法有效,若待测血清样品的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清的OD值,则表明待测血清样品为阳性,反之则为阴性。
先用血清中和抗体测定方法(血清中和方法,如下详述)对SADS-CoV病毒攻击(攻击前采集阴性血清样品)的无SADS-CoV抗体的两个批次(22001批和22002批)的多头SPF猪的血清样品进行检测,检测结果为有血清中和抗体(即为阳性血清样品),而攻击前采集的阴性血清样品中则无血清中和抗体,在此基础上用上述的检测SADS-COV抗体的间接ELISA方法检测,以验证该检测方法的准确性。结果如下表3-6所示。
其中SADS-CoV血清中和抗体测定方法包括以下步骤:
1)血清灭活:取SADS-CoV阳性血清样品和阴性血清样品,置56℃水浴30分钟;
2)血清稀释:用维持液将SADS-CoV阳性血清样品和阴性血清样品均作2倍倍比稀释;
3)病毒稀释:将SADS-CoV病毒用维持稀释至200TCID50/0.1mL,作为中和毒;
4)中和:将中和毒分别与稀释后SADS-CoV阳性血清样品和阴性血清样品等量混合,取100μl/孔,加入96孔板中,每种血清每个稀释度做2~4个复孔,置37℃、5%CO2培养箱中,中和1小时。样品处理方法(阳性血清对照:2倍稀释血清50μl+中和毒工作液50μl,阴性血清对照:2倍稀释阴性血清50μl+中和毒工作液50μl);
5)接种细胞:用PBS或者无血清培养基洗2~3遍的96孔板培养48小时长满单层的VERO细胞,把步骤(4)所述96孔板中和完的各组样品取出,加入到,洗好的48小时长满单层的VERO细胞96孔培养板上,并设回归组,回归组为4个稀释度,分别为(100、10、1、0.1)TCID50/0.1ml,每个稀释度设8个孔,置37℃、5%CO2培养箱中作用1~2小时,在弃掉,用PBS或者无血清培养基洗2~3遍,后加入浓度为5μg/mL无EDTA胰酶的DMEM每孔添加150ml置37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养3~5日,逐日观察并记录细胞病变(CPE)。
6)结果判定:用倒置显微镜观察细胞孔是否出现CPE,统计待检血清病变孔数,按Reed-Muench法计算血清中和抗体效价。试验成立条件为:中和病毒对照、阴性血清对照应出现CPE,血清毒性对照应无血清毒性,阳性血清对照和正常细胞对照应不出现CPE,回归组细胞病变为100TCID50/0.1ml孔病变孔为8/8,1TCID50/0.1ml孔病变孔8/8,10TCID50/0.1ml孔病变孔4/8,0.1TCID50/0.1ml孔病变孔0/8。
表3:22001批样品间接ELISA方法检测结果
注:A1、A2为相同样品的两个重复,A3、A4为相同样品的两个重复,A5、A6为相同样品的两个重复,其他样品命名规则相同;
表4:22001批样品血清中和方法检测结果
样品编号 | 抗体效价(log2) | 样品编号 | 抗体效价(log2) |
A1/A2 | 5 | E1/E2 | 0 |
B1/B2 | 4.5 | F1/F2 | 0 |
C1/C2 | 4 | G1/G2 | 0 |
D1/D2 | 6 | H1/H2 | 0 |
A3/A4 | 4 | E3/E4 | 0 |
B3/B4 | 4 | F3/F4 | 0 |
C3/C4 | 4.5 | G3/G4 | 0 |
D3/D4 | 3 | H3/H4 | 0 |
A5/A6 | 3.5 | E5/E6 | 0 |
B5/B6 | 4 | F5/F6 | 0 |
C5/C6 | 4 | G5/G6 | 0 |
D5/D6 | 3 | H5/H6 | 0 |
表5:22002批样品ELISA方法检测结果
注:A1、A2为相同样品的两个重复,A3、A4为相同样品的两个重复,A5、A6为相同样品的两个重复,其他样品命名规则相同;
表6:22002批样品血清中和方法检测结果
样品编号 | 抗体效价(log2) | 样品编号 | 抗体效价(log2) |
A1/A2 | 5 | E1/E2 | 0 |
B1/B2 | 3 | F1/F2 | 0 |
C1/C2 | 3 | G1/G2 | 0 |
D1/D2 | 3.4 | H1/H2 | 0 |
A3/A4 | 4 | E3/E4 | 0 |
B3/B4 | 4 | F3/F4 | 0 |
C3/C4 | 3 | G3/G4 | 0 |
D3/D4 | 3 | H3/H4 | 0 |
A5/A6 | 3.5 | E5/E6 | 0 |
B5/B6 | 3 | F5/F6 | 0 |
C5/C6 | 3 | G5/G6 | 0 |
D5/D6 | 3 | H5/H6 | 0 |
由上表3-6可看出,通过本发明提供的间接ELISA方法检测的两批次阳性血清样品和阴性血清样品的结果均与血清中和抗体检测结果符合,即两者的检测符合率为100%,而上述文献1公开的基于重组S蛋白的抗SADS-CoV IgG间接ELISA检测方法与IFA(一种标准血清学评估方法)的总体符合率仅达到97.3%,表明本发明提供的以SADS-CoV全病毒作为包被抗原的间接ELISA方法在检测SADS-CoV抗体时的准确性更高,可以更准确评价疫苗免疫的效果,且也可以准确筛选疫苗制备过程中的阴性猪,并可用于净化猪场。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种检测SADS-CoV抗体的间接ELISA试剂盒,其包括用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原包被的酶标板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的间接ELISA试剂盒,其中在用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原包被酶标板时,所述SADS-CoV全病毒抗原的浓度为8-12μg/mL。
3.一种检测SADS-CoV抗体的非疾病诊断目的的间接ELISA方法,其包括使用SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被抗原来包被酶标板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的间接ELISA方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)抗原包被:将灭活且纯化的SADS-CoV全病毒抗原作为包被液,包被酶标板的孔,之后洗板;
(2)封闭:向步骤(1)已包被的酶标板的孔中加入封闭液,进行封闭,之后洗板;
(3)加样:使用样品稀释液将阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品进行稀释后,分别加入步骤(2)已封闭的酶标板的孔中,进行孵育,之后洗板;
(4)加酶标二抗:向步骤(3)的酶标板的孔中加入酶标二抗,进行孵育,之后洗板;
(5)显色和终止:向步骤(4)的酶标板的孔中加入底物显色液,静置一段时间后,向孔中加入终止液终止反应;和
(6)检测:使用酶标仪检测阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品对应孔的450nm处OD值,若阳性血清对应的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清对应的OD值,则实验成立,若待测血清样品对应的OD值≥3倍的阴性血清对应的OD值,则判定为阳性,反之则为阴性。
5.根据权利要求4所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(1)中所述包被液的浓度为8-12μg/mL,所述包被的条件为:2~8℃过夜包被。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(1)-(5)中所述洗板的操作为:将酶标板放至室温,甩掉孔中的液体,用洗涤液反复洗涤3~5次,在吸水纸上拍干,其中所述洗涤液为PBST。
7.根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(2)中所述封闭液为1%鸡蛋白溶液(CSA),所述封闭的条件为:37±1℃封闭110-130min或者2~8℃过夜封闭。
8.根据权利要求4-7中任一项所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(3)中按照1:(45-50)稀释倍数将阳性血清、阴性血清和待测血清样品进行稀释,其中所述样品稀释液为pH为7.2~7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液PBS(0.01mol/L);和/或
步骤(3)和步骤(4)中,所述孵育的条件为:37±1℃孵育55-65min。
9.根据权利要求4-8中任一项所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(4)中所述酶标二抗为HRP-LgG(sogma,1:6000使用)。
10.根据权利要求4-9中任一项所述的间接ELISA方法,步骤(5)中所述显色液为TMB底物显色液,所述终止液为1.5mol/L硫酸。
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